出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2016/06/28 09:33:22」(JST)
Convulsion | |
---|---|
Classification and external resources | |
Specialty | Neurology |
ICD-10 | R56 |
ICD-9-CM | 125.7 |
MeSH | D012640 |
[edit on Wikidata]
|
A convulsion is a medical condition where body muscles contract and relax rapidly and repeatedly, resulting in an uncontrolled shaking of the body.[1] Because a convulsion is often a symptom of an epileptic seizure, the term convulsion is sometimes used as a synonym for seizure. However, not all epileptic seizures lead to convulsions, and not all convulsions are caused by epileptic seizures. Convulsions are also consistent with an electric shock and improper Enriched Air Scuba Diving. For non-epileptic convulsions, see non-epileptic seizures.
The word "fit" is sometimes used to mean a convulsion or epileptic seizure.[2]
When a person is having a convulsion, they may experience several different symptoms. These may include: a brief blackout, confusion, drooling, loss of bowel/bladder control, sudden shaking of entire body, uncontrollable muscle spasms, temporary cessation of breathing, and many more. Symptoms usually last from a few seconds to around 15 minutes. If someone has a fit like this, it is advised to make sure they don't fall and injure themselves, cushion their head and loosen any restricting clothing/jewelry, and also call for medical help. Do not try to pin/hold them in place, as this could possibly cause harm or injury to the individual.[1]
Convulsions are often caused by some sort of electrical activity mishap in the brain. Oftentimes, the cause is not able to be pinpointed. Convulsions can be caused by chemicals in the blood, as well as infections like meningitis or encephalitis. A very common cause of convulsions is fevers. Other possibilities include head trauma, stroke or lack of oxygen to the brain. Sometimes the convulsion can be caused by genetic defects or brain tumors.[1] Convulsions can also be caused by any type-1 diabetic, whose blood sugar is too low. Hypoglycemia can cause very bad convulsions until the person's blood sugar is raised to normal level.
The most common type of seizure is called a generalized seizure, also known as a generalized convulsion. This is characterized by a loss of consciousness which may lead to the person collapsing. The body stiffens for about a minute and then jerks uncontrollably for the next minute. During this, the patient may fall and injure themselves or bite their tongue and lose control of their bladder. A familial history of this puts a person at a greater risk for developing them.[3][4]
|
|
全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.
国試過去問 | 「106C011」 |
リンク元 | 「100Cases 33」「100Cases 34」「不随意運動」「痙攣」「cramp」 |
拡張検索 | 「benign neonatal convulsion」「tetanic convulsion」「electroconvulsion」「vitamin B6-dependent convulsion」 |
C
※国試ナビ4※ [106C010]←[国試_106]→[106C012]
大脳基底核の障害との関連 | 特徴 | 好発部位 | 代表疾患 | ||
振戦 | tremor | 黒質 | 律動的な振動運動 | 指、手 | Parkinson病 本態性振戦 |
舞踏病様運動 | choreiform movement | 尾状核 | 不規則で、目的のない、非対称性運動 [show details] <youtube>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JzAPh2v-SCQ</youtube>
|
顔面、四肢 | Huntington舞踏病 |
バリズム | ballism/ballismus | 視床下核 | 舞踏様病の一種。運動はより急速、粗大、持続性。四肢の抹消よりも体幹に誓い部分に強く起こり、上下肢を投げ出すよう激しい運動 [show details] <youtube>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cn3WSt6omzY</youtube>
|
四肢 | 視床下核 Juys体の出血・梗塞 |
アテトーゼ | athetosis | 赤核、被殻、淡蒼球 | 舞踏病よりゆっくりで、持続性のある運動。舞踏病に比べ一定の運動。虫が這うような運動。 [show details] <youtube>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I63SobW58J0</youtube>
|
手・指 | 脳性麻痺 CO中毒 レンズ核障害 |
ミオクローヌス | myoclonus | 赤核 | 1つまたは多くの筋の短時間の不随意な収縮。関節や四肢の強い運動を伴わないのが原則 [show details] <youtube v=faiVIKmmi5k></youtube>
|
全身・局所 | Creutzfeldt-Jakob病 Ramsay Hunt症候群 てんかん リピドーシス ミトコンドリア脳筋症 |
痙攣 | cramp/convulsion | 筋肉が不随意に,激しく攣縮する状態 | |||
ジストニー | dystonia | 異常姿勢。筋緊張の亢進で異常な姿勢となり、体幹の捻転、胸郭の傾斜、頚の捻転、肘の過伸展、手首の過屈曲、指の過伸展などを呈する。 [show details] <youtube v=1MQtaMENDV0></youtube>
|
体幹・近位筋 | 捻転ジストニー | |
チック | tic | 顔、頚部、肩などに起こる、比較的急激で、繰り返して起こる運動 [show details] <youtube>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xIAbmfxIm6I</youtube>
|
顔面 | てんかん 緊張 |
.