関: clonic seizure、convulsion、convulsive seizure、focal seizure、generalized convulsion、Jacksonian seizure、motor seizure、seizure、sensory seizure、somatosensory seizure、tonic seizure、tonic-clonic seizure

WordNet

a violent disturbance; "the convulsions of the stock market" (同)turmoil, upheaval
violent uncontrollable contractions of muscles
a physical disturbance such as an earthquake or upheaval
draw from specific cases for more general cases (同)generalise, extrapolate, infer
become systemic and spread throughout the body; "this kind of infection generalizes throughout the immune system" (同)generalise
speak or write in generalities (同)generalise
a sudden occurrence (or recurrence) of a disease; "he suffered an epileptic seizure" (同)ictus, raptus
the taking possession of something by legal process
not biologically differentiated or adapted to a specific function or environment; "the hedgehog is a primitive and generalized mammal" (同)generalised

PrepTutorEJDIC

《複数形で》けいれん,ひきつけ / 《複数形で》とめどもない大笑い / 震動,激動;動乱
〈U〉〈C〉つかむ(つかまれる)こと / 〈U〉〈C〉強奪;差し押さえ;逮捕 / 〈C〉(病気・恐怖などが)襲うこと,発作

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/02/20 10:48:04」(JST)

wiki en

Generalized epilepsy, also known as primary generalized epilepsy or idiopathic epilepsy, is a form of epilepsy characterised by generalised seizures with no apparent cause.^[1] Generalized seizures, as opposed to partial seizures, are a type of seizure that impairs consciousness and distorts the electrical activity of the whole or a larger portion of the brain (which can be seen, for example, on electroencephalography, EEG).^[2]

Generalized epilepsy is primary because the epilepsy is the originally diagnosed condition itself, as opposed to secondary epilepsy, which occurs as a symptom of a known as diagnosed condition.^[3]

Manifestation[edit]

Generalized seizures can be either absence seizures, myoclonic seizures, clonic seizures, tonic-clonic seizures or atonic seizures.

Generalized seizures occur in various seizure syndromes, including myoclonic epilepsy, familial neonatal convulsions, childhood absence epilepsy, absence epilepsy, infantile spasms (West's syndrome), Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.

Prognosis[edit]

Most generalized epilepsy starts during childhood. While some patients outgrow their epilepsy during adolescence and no longer need medication, in others, the condition remains for life, thereby requiring lifelong medication and monitoring.

Treatment[edit]

Six anti-epileptic drugs are approved for use in cases of suspected primary generalized epilepsy:

Felbamate
Levetiracetam
Zonisamide
Topiramate
Valproate
Lamotrigine

All anti-epileptic drugs (including the above) can be used in cases of partial seizures.

References[edit]

^ http://www.med.nyu.edu/cec/epilepsy/types/primary_generalized.html
^ http://www.nervous-system-diseases.com/primary-generalized-epilepsy.html
^ http://www.pediatricservices.com/prof/prof-05.htm

UpToDate Contents

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1. 小児痙攣およびてんかんの分類、病因、および臨床的特徴の概要 overview of the classification etiology and clinical features of pediatric seizures and epilepsy
2. 成人におけるてんかんのマネージメントの概要 overview of the management of epilepsy in adults
3. 成人における初回痙攣発作の評価 evaluation of the first seizure in adults
4. 痙攣発作およびてんかんの病態生理 pathophysiology of seizures and epilepsy
5. 小児におけるてんかん症候群 epilepsy syndromes in children

English Journal

Comparing vibrational spectra of free bumetanide and its solutions.

Bolukbasi O.
Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy.Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc.2015 Jan 5;134:553-65. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.06.113. Epub 2014 Jul 3.
Bumetanide, which is known as a potent diuretic, is currently under investigation for its potential anti-epileptic effects in neonatal seizures. The purpose of this study was to examine the molecular structure of bumetanide both in the free form and its solutions via vibrational spectra (FT-IR, FT-R
PMID 25061974

Ion mobility spectrometry evaluation of cocaine occupational exposure in forensic laboratories.

Armenta S1, Guardia Mde L2, Alcalà M3, Blanco M3, Perez-Alfonso C4, Galipienso N4.
Talanta.Talanta.2014 Dec;130:251-8. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.06.044. Epub 2014 Jun 27.
An approach, based on ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) has been developed for the control of cocaine in air of the breathing zone of operators, in laboratory surfaces and in nasal mucus of employees to evaluate cocaine exposure in a forensic laboratory. The analytical methodology has been validated i
PMID 25159406

Decursin attenuates kainic acid-induced seizures in mice.

Lee JK1, Jeong JW, Jang T, Lee GW, Han H, Kang JS, Kim IH.
Neuroreport.Neuroreport.2014 Nov 12;25(16):1243-9. doi: 10.1097/WNR.0000000000000208.
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder with recurrent unprovoked seizures as the main symptom. Of the coumarin derivatives in Angelica gigas, decursin, a major coumarin component, was reported to exhibit significant protective activity against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity when added to primary cultu
PMID 25171200

Japanese Journal

Epilepsy Surgery: Current Status and Ongoing Challenges

KAWAI Kensuke
Neurologia medico-chirurgica 55(5), 357-366, 2015
… Seizure outcome of resective surgery for focal seizures associated with focal lesions is satisfactory. … Disconnective surgeries reduce surgical complications of extensive resections while achieving equivalent or better seizure outcomes. … Patients for whom curative resective surgery is not indicated because of generalized or bilateral multiple nature of their epilepsies, neuromodulation therapies are options of treatment which palliate their seizures. …
NAID 130005069873

Vagus Nerve Stimulation Therapy: Indications, Programing, and Outcomes

YAMAMOTO Takamichi
Neurologia medico-chirurgica 55(5), 407-415, 2015
… Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) provides palliation of seizure reduction for patients with medically refractory epilepsy. … VNS is indicated for symptomatic localization-related epilepsy with multiple and bilateral independent foci, symptomatic generalized epilepsy with diffuse epileptogenic abnormalities, refractory idiopathic generalized epilepsy, failed intracranial epilepsy surgery, and other several reasons of contraindications to epilepsy surgery. …
NAID 130005069872

Advances on genetic rat models of epilepsy

SERIKAWA Tadao,MASHIMO Tomoji,KURAMORO Takashi,VOIGT Birger,OHNO Yukihiro,SASA Masashi
Experimental Animals 64(1), 1-7, 2015
… After epileptic rats or seizure-susceptible rats were sporadically found in outbred stocks, the epileptic traits were usually genetically-fixed by selective breeding. … So far, the absence seizure models GAERS and WAG/Rij, audiogenic seizure models GEPR-3 and GEPR-9, generalized tonic-clonic seizure models IER, NER and WER, and Canavan-disease related epileptic models TRM and SER have been established. …
NAID 130004921800

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リンク元	「tonic seizure」「convulsion」「clonic seizure」「全般発作」「convulsive seizure」
拡張検索	「generalized seizure disorder」
関連記事	「generalize」「generalized」「seizure」