割合、百分率、パーセンテージ

関: fraction、proportion、rate、ratio

WordNet

a proportion in relation to a whole (which is usually the amount per hundred) (同)percent, per centum, pct
be worthy of or have a certain rating; "This bond rates highly"
amount of a charge or payment relative to some basis; "a 10-minute phone call at that rate would cost $5" (同)charge per unit
a magnitude or frequency relative to a time unit; "they traveled at a rate of 55 miles per hour"; "the rate of change was faster than expected"
a quantity or amount or measure considered as a proportion of another quantity or amount or measure; "the literacy rate"; "the retention rate"; "the dropout rate"
assign a rank or rating to; "how would you rank these students?"; "The restaurant is rated highly in the food guide" (同)rank, range, order, grade, place
estimate the value of; "How would you rate his chances to become President?"; "Gold was rated highly among the Romans" (同)value
give pleasant proportions to; "harmonize a building with those surrounding it"
the relation between things (or parts of things) with respect to their comparative quantity, magnitude, or degree; "an inordinate proportion of the book is given over to quotations"; "a dry martini has a large proportion of gin" (同)ratio
adjust in size relative to other things
the quotient obtained when the magnitude of a part is divided by the magnitude of the whole
magnitude or extent; "a building of vast proportions" (同)dimension
harmonious arrangement or relation of parts or elements within a whole (as in a design); "in all perfectly beautiful objects there is found the opposition of one part to another and a reciprocal balance"- John Ruskin (同)proportionality, balance
a component of a mixture that has been separated by a fractional process
the quotient of two rational numbers
a small part or item forming a piece of a whole
the relative magnitudes of two quantities (usually expressed as a quotient)

PrepTutorEJDIC

百分率,割合 / 《複数形で》見込み,確率
〈C〉『割合』,『率』 / 〈C〉《the~,a~》『速度』(speed),進度 / 〈C〉『値段』,『相場』;料金 / 〈U〉等級(class),(…)等 / 《複数形ぃ》《英》地方税 / (…の金額に)…‘の'『値段を決める』,見積もる《+『名』+『at』+『名』》 / …‘を'『評価する』,みなす / 《米話》…‘に'値する,‘の'価値がある / 『評価される』;みなされる
…‘を'どなりつける
《the~》(…に対する…の)『割合』,比率《+『of』+『名』+『to』+『名』》 / 〈U〉(…との)『調和』,均衡《+『to』+『名』》 / 〈C〉部分;割り前,分け前 / 《複数形で》大きさ / 〈U〉比例 / …‘の'調和をとる;(…に)…‘を'釣り合わせる《+『名』+『to』+『名』》
『破片』,断片;(…の)一部,わずか《+『of』+『名』》 / 『分数』
『比』,比率,『割合』;『比例』

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/05/27 15:00:31」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

In mathematics, a percentage is a number or ratio expressed as a fraction of 100. It is often denoted using the percent sign, "%", or the abbreviation "pct."

For example, 45% (read as "forty-five percent") is equal to 45/100, or 0.45. A related system which expresses a number as a fraction of 1,000 uses the terms "per mil" and "millage". Percentages are used to express how large or small one quantity is relative to another quantity. The first quantity usually represents a part of, or a change in, the second quantity. For example, an increase of $ 0.15 on a price of $ 2.50 is an increase by a fraction of 0.15/2.50 = 0.06. Expressed as a percentage, this is therefore a 6% increase. The word 'percent' means 'out of 100' or 'per 100'.

Percentages are usually used to express values between zero and one. However, it is possible to express any ratio as a percentage; for example, 111% is 1.11 and −35% is −0.35.

History

In Ancient Rome, long before the existence of the decimal system, computations were often made in fractions which were multiples of 1/100. For example Augustus levied a tax of 1/100 on goods sold at auction known as centesima rerum venalium. Computation with these fractions was similar to computing percentages. As denominations of money grew in the Middle Ages, computations with a denominator of 100 become more standard and from the late 15th century to the early 16th century it became common for arithmetic texts to include such computations. Many of these texts applied these methods to profit and loss, interest rates, and the Rule of Three. By the 17th century it was standard to quote interest rates in hundredths.^[1]

Per cent sign

The term "per cent" is derived from the Latin per centum, meaning "by the hundred".^[2] The sign for "per cent" evolved by gradual contraction of the Italian term per cento, meaning "for a hundred". The "per" was often abbreviated as "p." and eventually disappeared entirely. The "cento" was contracted to two circles separated by a horizontal line, from which the modern "%" symbol is derived.^[3]

Calculations

The percent value is computed by multiplying the numeric value of the ratio by 100. For example, to find 50 apples as a percentage of 1250 apples, first compute the ratio 50/1250 = 0.04, and then multiply by 100 to obtain 4%. The percent value can also be found by multiplying first, so in this example the 50 would be multiplied by 100 to give 5,000, and this result would be divided by 1250 to give 4%.

To calculate a percentage of a percentage, convert both percentages to fractions of 100, or to decimals, and multiply them. For example, 50% of 40% is:

(50/100) × (40/100) = 0.50 × 0.40 = 0.20 = 20/100 = 20%.

It is not correct to divide by 100 and use the percent sign at the same time. (E.g. 25% = 25/100 = 0.25, not 25% / 100, which actually is (25/100) / 100 = 0.0025. A term such as (100/100)% would also be incorrect, this would be read as (1) percent even if the intent was to say 100%.)

Whenever we talk about a percentage, it is important to specify what it is relative to, i.e. what is the total that corresponds to 100%. The following problem illustrates this point.

In a certain college 60% of all students are female, and 10% of all students are computer science majors. If 5% of female students are computer science majors, what percentage of computer science majors are female?

We are asked to compute the ratio of female computer science majors to all computer science majors. We know that 60% of all students are female, and among these 5% are computer science majors, so we conclude that (60/100) × (5/100) = 3/100 or 3% of all students are female computer science majors. Dividing this by the 10% of all students that are computer science majors, we arrive at the answer: 3%/10% = 30/100 or 30% of all computer science majors are female.

This example is closely related to the concept of conditional probability.

Percentage increase and decrease

Sometimes due to inconsistent usage, it is not always clear from the context what a percentage is relative to. When speaking of a "10% rise" or a "10% fall" in a quantity, the usual interpretation is that this is relative to the initial value of that quantity. For example, if an item is initially priced at $200 and the price rises 10% (an increase of $20), the new price will be $220. Note that this final price is 110% of the initial price (100% + 10% = 110%).

Some other examples of percent changes:

An increase of 100% in a quantity means that the final amount is 200% of the initial amount (100% of initial + 100% of increase = 200% of initial); in other words, the quantity has doubled.
An increase of 800% means the final amount is 9 times the original (100% + 800% = 900% = 9 times as large).
A decrease of 60% means the final amount is 40% of the original (100% − 60% = 40%).
A decrease of 100% means the final amount is zero (100% − 100% = 0%).

In general, a change of percent in a quantity results in a final amount that is percent of the original amount (equivalently, times the original amount).

Compounding percentages

It is important to understand that percent changes, as they have been discussed here, do not add in the usual way, if applied sequentially. For example, if the 10% increase in price considered earlier (on the $200 item, raising its price to $220) is followed by a 10% decrease in the price (a decrease of $22), the final price will be $198, not the original price of $200. The reason for the apparent discrepancy is that the two percent changes (+10% and −10%) are measured relative to different quantities ($200 and $220, respectively), and thus do not "cancel out".

In general, if an increase of percent is followed by a decrease of percent, and the initial amount was , the final amount is ; thus the net change is an overall decrease by percent of percent (the square of the original percent change when expressed as a decimal number). Thus, in the above example, after an increase and decrease of percent, the final amount, $198, was 10% of 10%, or 1%, less than the initial amount of $200.

This can be expanded for a case where you do not have the same percent change. If the initial percent change is and the second percent change is , and the initial amount was , then the final amount is . To change the above example, after an increase of and decrease of percent, the final amount, $209, is 4.5% more than the initial amount of $200.

In the case of interest rates, it is a common practice to state the percent change differently. If an interest rate rises from 10% to 15%, for example, it is typical to say, "The interest rate increased by 5%" — rather than by 50%, which would be correct when measured as a percentage of the initial rate (i.e., from 0.10 to 0.15 is an increase of 50%). Such ambiguity can be avoided by using the term "percentage points". In the previous example, the interest rate "increased by 5 percentage points" from 10% to 15%. If the rate then drops by 5 percentage points, it will return to the initial rate of 10%, as expected.

Word and symbol

In British English, percent is sometimes written as two words (per cent, although percentage and percentile are written as one word).^[4] In American English, percent is the most common variant^[5] (but cf. per mille written as two words).

In the early part of the twentieth century, there was a dotted abbreviation form "per cent.", as opposed to "per cent". The form "per cent." is still in use as a part of the highly formal language found in certain documents like commercial loan agreements (particularly those subject to, or inspired by, common law), as well as in the Hansard transcripts of British Parliamentary proceedings. While the term has been attributed to Latin per centum, this is a pseudo-Latin construction and the term was likely originally adopted from the French pour cent.^{[citation needed]} The concept of considering values as parts of a hundred is originally Greek. The symbol for percent (%) evolved from a symbol abbreviating the Italian per cento. In some other languages, the form prosent is used instead. Some languages use both a word derived from percent and an expression in that language meaning the same thing, e.g. Romanian procent and la sută (thus, 10 % can be read or sometimes written ten for [each] hundred, similarly with the English one out of ten). Other abbreviations are rarer, but sometimes seen.

Grammar and style guides often differ as to how percentages are to be written. For instance, it is commonly suggested that the word percent (or per cent) be spelled out in all texts, as in "1 percent" and not "1%". Other guides prefer the word to be written out in humanistic texts, but the symbol to be used in scientific texts. Most guides agree that they always be written with a numeral, as in "5 percent" and not "five percent", the only exception being at the beginning of a sentence: "Ten percent of all writers love style guides." Decimals are also to be used instead of fractions, as in "3.5 percent of the gain" and not "3 ½ percent of the gain". It is also widely accepted to use the percent symbol (%) in tabular and graphic material.

In line with common English practice, style guides—such as The Chicago Manual of Style—generally state that the number and percent sign are written without any space in between.^[6] However, the International System of Units and the ISO 31-0 standard require a space.^[7]^[8]

Related units

Percentage point
Per mille (‰) 1 part in 1,000
Basis point (‱) 1 part in 10,000
Per cent mille (pcm) 1 part in 100,000
Parts-per notation
Concentration
Grade (slope)
Per-unit system

Other uses

The word "percentage" is often a misnomer in the context of sports statistics, when the referenced number is expressed as a decimal proportion, not a percentage: "The Phoenix Suns' Shaquille O'Neal led the NBA with a .609 field goal percentage (FG%) during the 2008-09 season." (O'Neal made 60.9% of his shots, not 0.609%.) Likewise, the winning percentage of a team, the fraction of matches that the club has won, is also usually expressed as a decimal proportion; a team that has a .500 winning percentage has won 50% of their matches. The practice is probably related to the similar way that batting averages are quoted.

As "percent" it is used to describe the steepness of the slope of a road or railway, formula for which is which could also be expressed as the tangent of the angle of inclination times 100. The is the ratio of distances a vehicle would advance vertically and horizontally, respectively, when going up- or downhill, expressed in percent.

Percentage is also used to express composition of a mixture by mass percent and mole percent.

Practical applications

Baker percentage
Volume percent

References

^ Smith, D.E. (1951∨1958). History of Mathematics 2. Courier Dover Publications. pp. 247–249. ISBN 0-486-20430-8. Check date values in: |date= (help)
^ American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 3rd ed. (1992) Houghton Mifflin
^ Smith p. 250
^ Brians, Paul. "Percent/per cent". Common Errors in English Usage. Washington State University. Retrieved 22 November 2010.
^ "Percent (per cent)". Oxford Dictionarie. Retrieved 22 November 2010.
^ "The Chicago Manual of Style". University of Chicago Press. 2003. Retrieved 2007-01-05.
^ "The International System of Units". International Bureau of Weights and Measures. 2006. Retrieved 2007-08-06.
^ "ISO 31-0 — Quantities and units – Part 0: General principles". International Organization for Standardization. 1999-12-22. Retrieved 2007-01-05.

External links

Look up percentage in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Math "Describing the Meaning of Percent" Khan Academy module (first of seven)
Percentage Calculator - an educational tool that helps kids grasp the idea of percentages. It calculates percentages and solves a few related problems on the fly, showing how different formulas relate to each other.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 前立腺癌：リスクの層別化および初期治療の選択 prostate cancer risk stratification and choice of initial treatment
2. HIV感染成人の初期評価 initial evaluation of the hiv infected adult
3. 米国の病院における医療の質の測定 measuring quality in hospitals in the united states
4. HIV感染患者におけるCD4細胞数の測定手技および解釈 techniques and interpretation of measurement of the cd4 cell count in hiv infected patients
5. 2型糖尿病の治療のためのジペプチジルペプチダーゼ4（DPP-4）阻害剤 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 dpp 4 inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus

English Journal

Changes produced in oils during vacuum and traditional frying of potato chips.

Crosa MJ, Skerl V, Cadenazzi M, Olazábal L, Silva R, Suburú G, Torres M.SourceLaboratorio Tecnológico del Uruguay (LATU), Av. Italia 6201, C. P. 11500 Montevideo, Uruguay. Electronic address: mcrosa@latu.org.uy.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2014 Mar 1;146:603-7. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.08.132. Epub 2013 Sep 7.
In this study the effect of vacuum frying (VF) and traditional frying (TF) on oil degradation, fatty acid composition and alpha-tocopherol content was investigated. Two different refined sunflower oils were used: sunflower oil with high oleic acid content (HOSO) and sunflower oil with synthetic anti
PMID 24176387

Detection of genetically modified soybean in crude soybean oil.

Nikolić Z, Vasiljević I, Zdjelar G, Dorđević V, Ignjatov M, Jovičić D, Milošević D.SourceInstitute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Maksima Gorkog 30, Novi Sad, Serbia. Electronic address: zorica.nikolic@ifvcns.ns.ac.rs.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2014 Feb 15;145:1072-5. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.09.017. Epub 2013 Sep 11.
In order to detect presence and quantity of Roundup Ready (RR) soybean in crude oil extracted from soybean seed with a different percentage of GMO seed two extraction methods were used, CTAB and DNeasy Plant Mini Kit. The amplifications of lectin gene, used to check the presence of soybean DNA, were
PMID 24128586

Screening of volatile compounds in honey using a new sampling strategy combining multiple extraction temperatures in a single assay by HS-SPME-GC-MS.

Bianchin JN, Nardini G, Merib J, Dias AN, Martendal E, Carasek E.SourceDepartamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040900, SC, Brazil.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2014 Feb 15;145:1061-5. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.08.139. Epub 2013 Sep 12.
This paper proposes a new optimization strategy for the extraction of volatile compounds from honey samples using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and separation/detection by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The new optimization strategy was based on the use of three diff
PMID 24128584

Characterisation of lipid fraction of marine macroalgae by means of chromatography techniques coupled to mass spectrometry.

Ragonese C, Tedone L, Beccaria M, Torre G, Cichello F, Cacciola F, Dugo P, Mondello L.SourceDipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti per la Salute (SCIFAR), University of Messina, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2014 Feb 15;145:932-40. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.08.130. Epub 2013 Sep 7.
In this work the characterisation of the lipid fraction of several species of marine macro algae gathered along the eastern coast of Sicily is reported. Two species of green marine algae (Chloropyceae), two species of red marine algae (Rhodophyceae) and four species of brown marine algae (Pheophycea
PMID 24128566

Japanese Journal

BIO R&D 近赤外分光法を用いた簡便な小動物の体脂肪率測定法

岡田恭司,藤原一彦
Bio industry 30(12), 53-58, 2013-12
NAID 40019911050

The Potential of Japan's Hyper-aged Society

BUSH Jerre
上武大学経営情報学部紀要 38, 51-57, 2013-12
… The challenges of low fertility and population aging are undeniable such as how the nation will support the growing percentage of frail elderly whose families cannot be the primary caretaker. …
NAID 110009647264

Property Variation of Ni--W Electroformed Mold for Micro-Press Molding

Yasui Manabu,Kaneko Satoru,Takahashi Masaharu,Ito Hiroaki,Arai Masahiro,Hirabayashi Yasuo,Ozawa Takeshi,Maeda Ryutaro
Jpn J Appl Phys 52(11), 11NJ05-11NJ05-4, 2013-11-25
… Additionally, the release characteristics of a Ni--W film were improved by increasing the percentage of W. …
NAID 150000108089

Nano-Scale Tensile Testing and Sample Preparation Techniques for Silicon Nanowires

Fujii Tatsuya,Sudoh Koichi,Sakakihara Shouichi,Naito Muneyuki,Inoue Shozo,Namazu Takahiro
Jpn J Appl Phys 52(11), 110118-110118-9, 2013-11-25
… This sampling technique led to high yielding percentage of nano-scale tensile testing. …
NAID 150000107993

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「100Cases 33」「fraction」「ratio」「百分率」「パーセンテージ」
拡張検索	「percentage point」

「100Cases 33」

　　[★]

☆case33　頭痛と混乱

■glossary

accompany

vt.

(人)と同行する、(人)に随行する。(もの)に付随する。～と同時に起こる。～に加える(添える、同封する)(with)

slurred n. 不明瞭

強直間代痙攣 tonic-clonic convulsion

　意識消失とともに全身の随意筋に強直痙攣が生じ(強直痙攣期tonic convulsion)、次いで全身の筋の強直と弛緩とが律動的に繰り返される時期(間代痙攣期clonic convulsion)を経て、発作後もうろう状態を呈する一連の発作。

■症例

28歳、女性　黒人　南アフリカ　手術室看護師　ロンドン住在

主訴：頭痛と混乱

現病歴：過去3週間で頭痛が続いており、ひどくなってきた。現在も頭痛が持続しており、頭全体が痛い。友人曰く「過去六ヶ月で体重が10kg減っていて、最近、混乱してきたようだ」。発話は不明瞭。救急室にいる間に強直間代痙攣を起こした。

・診察 examination

やせている。55kg。38.5℃。口腔カンジダ症(oral candidiasis)。リンパ節腫脹無し。心血管、呼吸器系、消化器系正常。痙攣前における神経検査では時間、場所、人の見当識無し。神経局所症状無し(no focal neurological sign)。眼底両側に乳頭浮腫有り。

・検査 investigation

血算：白血球増多

血液生化学：ナトリウム低下

CT：供覧

■キーワード＆着目するポイント

・口腔カンジダ症(oral candidiasis)

・頭痛、精神症状、強直間代痙攣

・眼底両側に乳頭浮腫

・CT 所見

・低ナトリウム血症は二次的なもの

■アプローチ

・口腔カンジダ症(oral candidiasis)　→　細胞免疫低下状態(DM、免疫抑制、AIDSなど) or 常在細菌叢の攪乱(長期の抗菌薬の使用)

　・The occurrence of thrush in a young, otherwise healthy-appearing person should prompt an investigation for underlying HIV infection.(HIM.1254)

　・More commonly, thrush is seen as a nonspecific manifestation of severe debilitating illness.(HIM.1254)

・精神症状、強直間代痙攣　→　一次的、あるいは二次的な脳の疾患がありそう

・頭痛　→　漠然としていて絞れないが、他の症状からして機能性頭痛ではなく症候性頭痛っぽい。

・眼底両側に乳頭浮腫　→　脳圧亢進の徴候　→　原因は・・・脳腫瘍、ことにテント下腫瘍と側頭葉の腫瘍、クモ膜下出血、脳水腫など、そのほか、眼窩内病変、低眼圧などの局所的要因、悪性高血圧、血液疾患、大量出血、肺気腫などの全身的要因 (vindicate本のp342も参考になる)

　・頭痛と脳圧亢進　→　頭蓋内圧占拠性病変、脳炎(IMD.274)

・CT 所見　→　ringformの病変、脳浮腫、脳圧亢進

・低ナトリウム血症　→　脳ヘルニアに続発して起こることがあるらしい。実際には下垂体にトキソプラズマによる病変が形成されることにより起こりうる。

・そのほか出身地、体重減少もHIVを疑わせる点

パターン認識でHIV + 精神症状 + てんかん発作(強直間代痙攣) + 脳圧亢進 + CT 所見 = 一番ありそうなのはToxoplasma gondiiによるトキソプラズマ脳症 cerebral toxoplasosis (トキソプラズマ脳炎 toxoplasmic encephalitis)

■Toxoplasma gondii

　原虫　胞子原虫類

(感染予防学 080521のプリント、CASES p,92、HIM p.1305-)

・疫学：西洋では30-80%の成人がトキソプラズマの感染の既往がある・・・うぇ(CASES)。日本では10%前後(Wikipedia)。

・生活環

　・終宿主：ネコ：ネコの小腸上皮細胞で有性・無性生殖　糞便にオーシストの排泄

　・中間宿主：ヒト.ブタを含むほ乳類と鳥類：無性生殖で増殖、シストの形成

　　　急性期の増殖盛んな急増虫体 tachyzoiteとシスト内の緩増虫体 bradyzoite

・病原、病因 phathogenesis

　・緩増虫体(bradyzoite)、接合子嚢(oocyst)

・感染経路

　1. オーシストの経口摂取

　2. 中間宿主の生肉中のシストの経口摂取

　3. 初感染妊婦からの経胎盤感染。既感染なら胎盤感染しないらしい(HIM.1306)

　(4)移植臓器、輸血。確率は低い(at low rate)(HIM.1306)

・病態

　1. 先天性トキソプラズマ症　congenital toxoplasmosis

　　　①網脈絡膜炎、 ②水頭症、 ③脳内石灰化、 ④精神・運動障害

　2. 後天性トキソプラズマ症　acquired toxoplasmosis

　　(1) 健常者

　　　・多くは不顕性感染。発熱、リンパ節腫脹、皮疹(rash)

　　　・(少数例)筋肉痛、暈疼痛、腹痛、斑状丘疹状皮疹(maculopapular rash)、脳脊髄炎、混乱(HIM.1308)

　　　・(まれ)肺炎、心筋炎、脳症、心膜炎、多発筋炎

　　　・網膜、脈絡叢に瘢痕や、脳に小さい炎症性の病変を残すことあり(CASES)。

　　　・急性感染の症状は数週間で消失　筋肉や中枢神経系に緩増虫体が残存

　　(2)HIV 感染者、臓器移植例、がん化学療法例

　　　シスト内緩増虫体→急増虫体→播種性の多臓器感染

　　　AIDSでは、トキソプラズマ性脳炎が指標疾患 AIDS-defineing illness(CASES)

・治療

　(日本)アセチルスピラマイシン、ファンシダール(感染予防学 080521)

■トキソプラズマ脳炎 toxoplasmic encephalitis、トキソプラズマ脳症 cerebral toxoplasosis

・症状

　発熱、頭痛、混乱ｍ、痙攣、認知の障害、局所神経徴候(不全片麻痺、歯垢、脳神経損傷、視野欠損、感覚喪失)(CASES)

・画像検査

　(CT,MRI)多発性、両側性、ring-enhancing lesion、特に灰白質-白質境界、大脳基底核、脳幹、小脳が冒されやすい(CASES)

・鑑別診断(臨床症状・画像診断の所見で)

　リンパ腫、結核、転移性脳腫瘍(CASES)

・病歴と画像所見からの鑑別診断

　リンパ腫、結核、転移性腫瘍

？

このCTがcerebral toxoplasmosisに特徴的かは不明

□最後に残る疑問

　AIDSでWBC(leukocyte)の数はどうなるんだろう？？？AIDSの初診患者ではWBCが低い人が多いらしいし()、HIVはCD4+ T cellとmacrophageに感染して殺すから、これによってB cellは減るだろうし、CD8+ T cellも若干減少するだろうからWBCは減るんじゃないか？！好中球はAIDSとは関係ない？好中球は他の感染症に反応性に増加している？ちなみに、好酸球は寄生虫(原虫)の感染のために増える傾向にあるらしい(HIMのどこか)。

葉酸拮抗剤である。

サルファ剤と併用され、抗トキソプラズマ薬、抗ニューモシチス・カリニ薬として相乗的に働く。

ST 合剤

SMX-TMP

スルファメトキサゾール・トリメトプリム合剤 sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim mixture

□AIDSの定義(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDC_Classification_System_for_HIV_Infection_in_Adults_and_Adolescents)