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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/07/05 02:16:24」(JST)

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In vitro maturation (IVM) is the technique of letting ovarian follicles mature in vitro.

Techniques available

The ability of in IVM depends on how mature the follicle already is. There are several stages in folliculogenesis, starting with a primordial follicle, which then becomes a primary, secondary, early tertiary (antral), late tertiary and eventually a preovulatory follicle. If a follicle has reached the early tertiary or antral stage, IVM can be carried out. A few live births have already been made^[1] by taking small early tertiary follicles, letting them mature in vitro and subsequently fertilizing them. However, for follicles that haven't reached the early tertiary stage, IVM is still under development. There are a lot of cellular changes in the oocyte and the rest of the cells in the follicle, which makes it very susceptible. Nevertheless, it is possible to let a primordial follicle mature to a secondary follicle outside the body by growing it in a slice of ovarian tissue.^[1] The subsequent maturity from secondary to early tertiary stage can then be supported in test-tubes.^[1]

IVM can be expanded with hCG-priming, which is exposing the ovarian tissue to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). This results in an expanding or dispersed pattern of the cumulus oophorus around the egg cell, facilitating its identification within follicular fluid.^[2] However, the evidence of a clinical effect of hCG priming is still lacking.^[2] IVM can also be expanded with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), which should be performed at least one hour (and optimally two to four hours) after the first polar body extrusion.^[3]

Applications

Facilitate IVF, and provide an alternative to ovulation induction. Before an IVF, an ovarian hyperstimulation is usually performed. By injecting gonadotropins, multiple oocytes will mature. Similar methods are applied in ovulation induction for other purposes. However, with IVM, injection of gonadotropins into the body isn't essential. Rather, oocytes can mature outside the body, such as prior to IVF.^[4] However, there still isn't enough evidence to prove the effectiveness and security of the technique.^[4]

For research. There are a million of oocytes in the ovary at birth, but only about 400 of these will be ovulated. The rest will die by Ovarian follicle atresia. When oocytes destined to die are extracted, IVM enables the maturation of these follicles. Thus, they can be studied to gather more information on folliculogenesis and oocyte maturation.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d NCBI:In vitro maturation of oocytes. Hardy K, Wright CS, Franks S, Winston RM
^ ^a ^b Son, W. -Y.; Tan, S. L. (2010). "Laboratory and embryological aspects of hCG-primed in vitro maturation cycles for patients with polycystic ovaries". Human Reproduction Update 16 (6): 675–689. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmq014. PMID 20504873. edit
^ Chang-Seop Hyun; Jung-Ho Cha, Weon-Young Son, San-Hyun Yoon, Kyung-Ae Kim, and Jin-Ho Lim (2007-07-07). "Optimal ICSI timing after the first polar body extrusion in in vitro matured human oocytes". Human Reproduction 22 (7): 1991–1995. doi:10.1093/humrep/dem124. PMID 17513319. Retrieved 2012-07-14. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)
^ ^a ^b Vejledning om kunstig befrugtning 2006 (Danish)

UpToDate Contents

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1. 死後生殖（PAR） posthumous assisted reproduction
2. 生殖腺毒性を有する治療または生殖腺切除術を施行した患者における不妊の予防 fertility preservation in patients undergoing gonadotoxic treatment or gonadal resection

English Journal

Inhibition of P-glycoprotein enhances sensitivity of Caenorhabditis elegans to ivermectin.

Ardelli BF, Prichard RK.SourceBrandon University, Department of Biology, 270-18th Street, Brandon, Manitoba, R7A 6A9, Canada. Electronic address: ardellib@brandonu.ca.
Veterinary parasitology.Vet Parasitol.2013 Jan 31;191(3-4):264-75. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.09.021. Epub 2012 Sep 23.
In vertebrates, the function of P-glycoprotein (PGP) is to protect against toxic compounds through active efflux of the toxin from target tissues. In clinical oncology, the overexpression of PGP confers drug resistance. The function(s) of PGP in nematode physiology or in conferring drug resistance i
PMID 23062691

Effect of MEM vitamins and forskolin on embryo development and vitrification tolerance of in vitro-produced pig embryos.

Cuello C, Gomis J, Almiñana C, Maside C, Sanchez-Osorio J, Gil MA, Sánchez A, Parrilla I, Vazquez JM, Roca J, Martinez EA.SourceDepartment of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Regional Campus of International Excellence, University of Murcia, E-3007 Murcia, Spain. Electronic address: ccuello@um.es.
Animal reproduction science.Anim Reprod Sci.2013 Jan 30;136(4):296-302. doi: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2012.11.003. Epub 2012 Nov 12.
The aims of this study were (1) to determine the effect of in vitro maturation (IVM) medium supplementation with MEM vitamins on in vitro embryo development and sensitivity to vitrification of Day 6 blastocysts and (2) to evaluate whether the addition of forskolin to in vitro culture (IVC) medium en
PMID 23238049

Ivermectin and moxidectin resistance characterization by larval migration inhibition test in field isolates of Cooperia spp. in beef cattle, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.

Almeida GD, Feliz DC, Heckler RP, Borges DG, Onizuka MK, Tavares LE, Paiva F, Borges FA.SourceUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, UFMS, Campo Grande, MS 79070-900, Brazil.
Veterinary parasitology.Vet Parasitol.2013 Jan 16;191(1-2):59-65. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.08.012. Epub 2012 Aug 25.
Ivermectin (IVM) resistance of Cooperia spp. in cattle has become an increasing and global problem. The early detection of anthelmintic resistance (AR) is important to propose strategies to slow down the development of resistance and requires sensitive, reliable, economic high-throughput and practic
PMID 22963710

Japanese Journal

IVM卵子の成熟機構

星野由美,佐藤優介,佐藤英明
産婦人科の実際 60(9), 1361-1365, 2011-09
NAID 40019002000

IVMの現状と将来 (特集卵子のエイジング) -- (生殖医療の将来)

宇津宮隆史
産科と婦人科 78(8), 981-986, 2011-08
NAID 40018929935

Related Pictures

IVM - Instituto Verificador de Medios IVM Arko IVM Technical Consultants ivm g5 ivm taxi ivm 5000 ivm 6540 ivm 6601 center ivm suv ivm g5 ivm g5 overview IVM 4 Wireless In-Ear Monitoring System El IVM y la Academia de la Llengua ivm safety and environment ivm has been

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「不随意運動」「involuntary movement」「生体顕微鏡」「biomicroscopy」「in vivo microscope」
関連記事	「I」「IV」

「不随意運動」

　　[★]

英: involuntary movement IVM
関: 不随意筋

不随意運動と大脳基底核との関連

		大脳基底核の障害との関連	特徴	好発部位	代表疾患
振戦	tremor	黒質	律動的な振動運動	指、手	Parkinson病本態性振戦
舞踏病様運動	choreiform movement	尾状核	不規則で、目的のない、非対称性運動 [show details] <youtube>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JzAPh2v-SCQ</youtube>	顔面、四肢	Huntington舞踏病
バリズム	ballism/ballismus	視床下核	舞踏様病の一種。運動はより急速、粗大、持続性。四肢の抹消よりも体幹に誓い部分に強く起こり、上下肢を投げ出すよう激しい運動 [show details] <youtube>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cn3WSt6omzY</youtube>	四肢	視床下核 Juys体の出血・梗塞
アテトーゼ	athetosis	赤核、被殻、淡蒼球	舞踏病よりゆっくりで、持続性のある運動。舞踏病に比べ一定の運動。虫が這うような運動。 [show details] <youtube>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I63SobW58J0</youtube>	手・指	脳性麻痺 CO中毒レンズ核障害
ミオクローヌス	myoclonus	赤核	1つまたは多くの筋の短時間の不随意な収縮。関節や四肢の強い運動を伴わないのが原則 [show details] <youtube v=faiVIKmmi5k></youtube>	全身・局所	Creutzfeldt-Jakob病 Ramsay Hunt症候群てんかんリピドーシスミトコンドリア脳筋症
痙攣	cramp/convulsion		筋肉が不随意に，激しく攣縮する状態
ジストニー	dystonia		異常姿勢。筋緊張の亢進で異常な姿勢となり、体幹の捻転、胸郭の傾斜、頚の捻転、肘の過伸展、手首の過屈曲、指の過伸展などを呈する。 [show details] <youtube v=1MQtaMENDV0></youtube>	体幹・近位筋	捻転ジストニー
チック	tic		顔、頚部、肩などに起こる、比較的急激で、繰り返して起こる運動 [show details] <youtube>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xIAbmfxIm6I</youtube>	顔面	てんかん緊張