spasm

• n.

• 攣縮、痙縮、けいれん

関

contracture、convulsion、convulsive、cramp、generalized spasm、muscle spasm、muscular spasm、seizure、spasticity、twitch、twitching

　 　 　

WordNet

1. a painful and involuntary muscular contraction (同)cramp, muscle_spasm
2. (pathology) sudden constriction of a hollow organ (as a blood vessel)
3. secure with a cramp; "cramp the wood"
4. affect with or as if with a cramp
5. suffer from sudden painful contraction of a muscle
6. a strip of metal with ends bent at right angles; used to hold masonry together (同)cramp iron
7. a clamp for holding pieces of wood together while they are glued
8. a violent disturbance; "the convulsions of the stock market" (同)turmoil, upheaval
9. violent uncontrollable contractions of muscles
10. a physical disturbance such as an earthquake or upheaval
11. move or pull with a sudden motion
12. make an uncontrolled, short, jerky motion; "his face is twitching" (同)jerk
13. a sudden muscle spasm; especially one caused by a nervous condition (同)twitching, vellication
14. resembling a convulsion in being sudden and violent; "a convulsive rage"; "convulsive laughter"
15. affected by involuntary jerky muscular contractions; resembling a spasm; "convulsive motions"; "his body made a spasmodic jerk"; "spastic movements" (同)spasmodic, spastic
16. in spurts and fits; "I began to write intermittently and spasmodically"
17. with spasms; "the mouth was slightly open, and jerked violently and spasmodically at one corner" (同)jerkily
18. a closure of the larynx that blocks the passage of air to the lungs

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. (筋肉などの)けいれん / (感情・活動などの)発作《+『of』+『名』》
2. 〈U〉〈C〉(筋肉の)けいれん,こむらがえり / 《複数形で》急激な腹痛 / …‘に'けいれんを起こさせる
3. (また『cramp iron』)かすがい / 締め具,締め金 / …'を'かすがい(締め具)で締めつける / …'を'拘束する
4. 《複数形で》けいれん,ひきつけ / 《複数形で》とめどもない大笑い / 震動,激動;動乱
5. (無意識に)ぴくんと動く / (…を)急にぐいと引く《+at+名》 / 〈体〉一部〉‘を'ぴくっと動かす / …‘を'急にぐいと引く(引っ張る) / (無意識に)ぴくぴく動くこと,(筋肉の)けいれん / (…を)ぐいと引くこと《+at+名》
6. けいれん性の,発作的な / 急激な
7. けいれん的に,発作的に
8. 鉱泉,温泉 / 温泉場

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/08/28 11:18:37」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

For the 1993 metal album, see Spasm (album).

"Spasmodic" redirects here. For the British literary movement, see Spasmodic poets.

Muscle spasm

ICD-10	R25.2
ICD-9	728.85
MeSH	D013035

In medicine a spasm is a sudden, involuntary contraction of a muscle, a group of muscles, or a hollow organ such as a heart, or a similarly sudden contraction of an orifice. It most commonly refers to a muscle cramp which is often accompanied by a sudden burst of pain, but is usually harmless and ceases after a few minutes. There is a variety of other causes of involuntary muscle contractions, which may be more serious, depending on the cause.

The word "spasm" may also refer to a temporary burst of energy, activity, emotion, Eustress, stress, or anxiety unrelated to, or as a consequence of, involuntary muscle activity.

Description

A variety of types of involuntary muscle activity may be referred to as a "spasm". Examples include muscle contractions due to abnormal nerve stimulation, or abnormal activity of the muscle itself. A series of spasms or permanent spasms are called a spasmism. A spasm may lead to muscle strains or tears of tendons and ligaments, if the force of the spasm exceeds the tensile strength of the underlying connective tissues, such as with a particularly forceful spasm, or in the case of weakened connective tissues.

True hypertonic spasm is caused by malfunctioning feedback nerves, is much more serious, and is permanent unless treated. In this case, the hypertonic muscle tone is excessive and the muscles are unable to relax.

A subtype of spasms is colic. This is an episodic pain due to spasms of smooth muscle in a particular organ (e.g. the bile duct). A characteristic of colic is the sensation of having to move about, and the pain may induce nausea or vomiting if severe.

Causes

Among the causes of spasms are insufficient hydration, muscle overload, and absence of electrolytes. Spasmodic muscle contraction may be due to a large number of medical conditions, including the dystonias. Hypertonic muscle spasms is the state of chronic, excessive muscle tone, or tension in a resting muscle – the amount of contraction that remains when a muscle is not actively working.

See also

• Antispasmodic
• Blepharospasm
• Cadaveric spasm
• Cramp
• Cricopharyngeal spasm           
• Ejaculation
• Jactitation (medicine)
• Myoclonus
• Neck spasm
• Orgasm
• Seizure
• Spasmodic dysphonia

Notes

External links

• NIH Medical Encyclopedia
• How Stuff Works

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. ミオクローヌスの分類および評価 classification and evaluation of myoclonus
• 2. ミオクローヌスの治療 treatment of myoclonus
• 3. 急性腰痛の治療 treatment of acute low back pain
• 4. 点頭てんかんの臨床的特徴および診断 clinical features and diagnosis of infantile spasms
• 5. スティッフパーソン症候群 stiff person syndrome

English Journal

• PMID 28905210

• Relationships between more than 90% coronary luminal narrowing induced by ergonovine provocation test and ECG ischemic change as well as chest symptoms.

• Sueda S1, Kohno H2.
• Heart and vessels.Heart Vessels.2018 Feb;33(2):95-101. doi: 10.1007/s00380-017-1035-y. Epub 2017 Aug 14.
• PMID 28808762

• Inhibitory action of dicyclomine on lipase activity, kinetics and molecular study.

• Talebi M1, Minai-Tehrani D2, Fazilati M1, Minai-Tehrani A3.
• International journal of biological macromolecules.Int J Biol Macromol.2018 Feb;107(Pt B):2422-2428. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.123. Epub 2017 Oct 18.
• PMID 29055706

• Clinical outcome according to spasm type of single coronary artery provoked by intracoronary ergonovine tests in patients without significant organic stenosis.

• Kim DW1, Her SH2, Ahn Y3, Shin DI4, Han SH5, Kim DS6, Choi DJ7, Kwon HM8, Gwon HC9, Jo SH10, Rha SW11, Baek SH12.
• International journal of cardiology.Int J Cardiol.2018 Feb 1;252:6-12. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.08.052.
• PMID 29249438

Japanese Journal

• 顔面痙攣をともなった中耳真珠腫の1症例

• 細見 慶和
• Facial nerve research 30, 174-175, 2011-12-20
• NAID 10027668129

• Serial Intravascular Ultrasound Observation of the Behavior of Coronary Artery During a Positive Spasm Provocation Test

• MORINO Yoshihiro,SUGIMOTO Atsuhiko,FUJII Toshiharu,IKARI Yuji
• Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society 75(6), 1529-1531, 2011-05-25
• NAID 10028149533

• Lipocalin-Type Prostaglandin D Synthase Is Associated With Coronary Vasospasm and Vasomotor Reactivity in Response to Acetylcholine

• MATSUMOTO Tetsuya,EGUCHI Yutaka,ODA Hiroshi,YAMANE Tetsunobu,TARUTANI Yasuhiro,OZAWA Tomoya,HAYASHI Hideki,NAKAE Ichiro,HORIE Minoru,URADE Yoshihiro
• Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society 75(4), 897-904, 2011-03-25
• Background: Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS) catalyzes the biosynthesis of PGD2, which acts as an anticoagulant, vasodilator, and inflammatory mediator. We examined the serum L-P …
• NAID 10028103348

Related Links

• spasmの意味・用例｜英辞郎 on the WEB：アルク

spasm 【自他動】《医》けいれんする[を起こす] 【名】 《医》けいれん、発作... - アルクがお届けする進化するオンライン英和・和英辞書データベース。一般的な単語や連語から、イディオム、専門用語、スラングまで幅広く収録。

• spasmの意味 - goo辞書 英和和英

spasmとは。意味や和訳。[名詞]1 〔医学〕 痙攣けいれん，痙縮，ひきつけ：収縮の継続する緊張性痙攣(tonic spasm)と，収縮と弛緩しかんを繰り返す間代かんたい痙攣(clonic spasm)とがあるa spasm of the stomach胃痙攣He was in a ...

• Spasm - definition of spasm by The Free Dictionary

spasm (spăz′əm) n. 1. A sudden, involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles. 2. A sudden burst of energy, activity, or emotion. [Middle English spasme, from Old French, from Latin spasmus, from Greek spasmos, from spān ...

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「痙攣」「cramp」「convulsion」「convulsive」「スパスム」
拡張検索	「vasospasm」「cerebrovascular spasm」「gastrospasm」

「痙攣」

　　[★]

痙攣

英

(脳脊髄性)convulsion、seizure、(痛性)cramp、(痙縮)spasm、convulsive

同

痙攣発作

関

筋痙攣、痙縮、痙直、痙攣、痙攣性、スパスム、スパズム、てんかん、癲癇、てんかん発作、腹痛、発作、攣縮、けいれん性、れん縮、こむら返り、腓返り、筋けいれん

分類

部位

• 全身性
• 局所性

原因

• 全身性

• 頭部外傷、てんかん、脳出血、脳腫瘍、中毒、代謝異常(低血糖、低カルシウム血症・低マグネシウム血症(被刺激性亢進)、低ナトリウム血症、高ナトリウム血症)

アミノ酸代謝異常で痙攣を呈さないもの

• チロシン血症、アルカプトン尿症、ヒスチジン血症

乳幼児期の精神発達遅延＋痙攣

YN.J-39

• 代謝異常　　　：フェニルケトン尿症、糖原病
• 神経皮膚症候群：結節性硬化症、スタージ・ウェバー症候群
• てんかん　　　：レノックス・ガストー症候群、ウェスト症候群

参考

• 1. 小児科診療・2009年・6号　（103）1083　けいれん

国試

• 103G006

「cramp」

　　[★]

• n.

• 筋痙攣、筋けいれん、痙攣、けいれん、こむら返り、腓返り、痙直、(複数形で用いて)腹痛

同

クランプ、有病性れん縮

関

abdominal pain、convulse、convulsion、convulsive、jerk、muscle cramp、muscle spasm、muscle twitching、muscular cramp、myospasm、seizure、spasm、spastic、spasticity

　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「convulsion」

　　[★]

• n.

• 痙攣、けいれん

関

clonic seizure、convulse、convulsive、convulsive seizure、cramp、focal seizure、generalized seizure、Jacksonian seizure、jerk、motor seizure、seizure、sensory seizure、somatosensory seizure、spasm、spasticity、tonic seizure、tonic-clonic seizure

　 　 　 　

「convulsive」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 痙攣性の、けいれん性の、痙攣の、けいれんの

関

convulse、convulsion、cramp、jerk、seizure、spasm、spasmodic、spastic、spasticity

　 　 　

「スパスム」

　　[★]

英

spasm

関

筋痙攣、痙縮、スパズム、攣縮、れん縮、けいれん、筋痙縮、全身痙縮

「vasospasm」

　　[★]

• 血管攣縮、血管れん縮、血管痙攣、血管けいれん

関

angiospasm、vascular spasm

「cerebrovascular spasm」

　　[★]

• 脳血管攣縮

関

cerebral vasospasm、intracranial vasospasm

「gastrospasm」

　　[★]

• 胃痙攣、胃けいれん