WordNet

shake uncontrollably; "earthquakes convulsed the countryside"
be overcome with laughter
move or stir about violently; "The feverish patient thrashed around in his bed" (同)thresh, thresh about, thrash, thrash about, slash, toss, jactitate
cause to contract; "The spasm convulses her facial muscles"
contract involuntarily, as in a spasm; "The muscles in her face convulsed"
make someone convulse with laughter; "The comedian convulsed the crowd"
the quality of moving or acting in spasms
move with abrupt, seemingly uncontrolled motions; "The patients legs were jerkings" (同)twitch
(mechanics) the rate of change of acceleration
an abrupt spasmodic movement (同)jerking, jolt, saccade
raising a weight from shoulder height to above the head by straightening the arms
a dull stupid fatuous person (同)dork
throw or toss with a quick motion; "flick a piece of paper across the table"; "jerk his head" (同)flick
secure with a cramp; "cramp the wood"
affect with or as if with a cramp
suffer from sudden painful contraction of a muscle
a strip of metal with ends bent at right angles; used to hold masonry together (同)cramp iron
a clamp for holding pieces of wood together while they are glued
a violent disturbance; "the convulsions of the stock market" (同)turmoil, upheaval
violent uncontrollable contractions of muscles
a physical disturbance such as an earthquake or upheaval
resembling a convulsion in being sudden and violent; "a convulsive rage"; "convulsive laughter"
affected by involuntary jerky muscular contractions; resembling a spasm; "convulsive motions"; "his body made a spasmodic jerk"; "spastic movements" (同)spasmodic, spastic

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈地震などが〉…'を'激しく震動させる,動揺させる / 《受動態で》〈怒り・笑いなどが〉〈人〉'を'身もだえさせる
(急に)『ぐいっと引っぱる』(『押す』,『ねじる』,『投げる』)『こと』 / (筋肉の)反射運動;けいれん / 《米俗》うぶな人;まぬけ / (重量挙げの)ジャーク / 《運動を表す副詞[句]を伴って》…‘を'『急に引っぱる』(『押す』,『ねじる』,『投げる』) / …‘を'ぶっきらぼうに(投げ出すように)言う《+『out』+『名,』+『名』+『out』》 / 『急に』(『ぐいっと』)『動く』
〈特に牛肉〉‘を'細切りにして干し肉にする
〈U〉〈C〉(筋肉の)けいれん,こむらがえり / 《複数形で》急激な腹痛 / …‘に'けいれんを起こさせる
(また『cramp iron』)かすがい / 締め具,締め金 / …'を'かすがい(締め具)で締めつける / …'を'拘束する
《複数形で》けいれん,ひきつけ / 《複数形で》とめどもない大笑い / 震動,激動;動乱
けいれん性の,発作的な / 急激な

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/11 13:32:52」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

A convulsion is a medical condition where body muscles contract and relax rapidly and repeatedly, resulting in an uncontrolled shaking of the body.^[1] Because a convulsion is often a symptom of an epileptic seizure, the term convulsion is sometimes used as a synonym for seizure. However, not all epileptic seizures lead to convulsions, and not all convulsions are caused by epileptic seizures. Convulsions are also consistent with an electric shock and improper Enriched Air Scuba Diving. For non-epileptic convulsions, see non-epileptic seizures.

The word "fit" is sometimes used to mean a convulsion or epileptic seizure.^[2]

Symptoms

When a person is having a convulsion, they may experience several different symptoms. These may include: a brief blackout, confusion, drooling, loss of bowel/bladder control, sudden shaking of entire body, uncontrollable muscle spasms, temporary cessation of breathing, and many more. Symptoms usually last from a few seconds to around 15 minutes. If someone has a fit like this, it is advised to make sure they don't fall and injure themselves, cushion their head and loosen any restricting clothing/jewelry, and also call for medical help. ^[3]

Causes

Convulsions are often caused by some sort of electrical activity mishap in the brain. Often times, the cause is not able to be pinpointed. Convulsions can be caused by chemicals in the blood, as well as infections like meningitis or encephalitis. A very common cause of convulsions is fevers. Other possibilities include head trauma, stroke or lack of oxygen to the brain. Sometimes the convulsion can be caused by genetic defects or brain tumors. ^[4]

Grand Mal Seizures

The most common type of seizure is called a Grand Mal Seizure, also known as a generalized convulsion. This is characterized by a loss of consciousness which may lead to the person collapsing. The body stiffens for about a minute and then jerks uncontrollably for the next minute. During this, the patient may fall and injure themselves or bite their tongue and lose control of their bladder. A familial history of this puts a person at a greater risk for developing them.^[5]

Lasting effects

A common question about convulsions is whether or not they cause harm to the brain in the long run. It has been found that they can have a negative impact on cognition. Some research studies have found that subjects who have frequent convulsions have had decreased cognitive abilities as well as reduced verbal and visual-spatial abilities. The degree of complications arising from the convulsions depends on the location in the brain that is affected. The longer a patient suffers from convulsions, the more damage they are likely to have accumulated.^[6]^[7]^[8]

References

^ Medlineplus medical encyclopedia^{[dead link]}
^ Merriam-Webster: Fit.
^ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003200.htm
^ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003200.htm
^ http://www.webmd.com/epilepsy/guide/types-of-seizures-their-symptoms http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/grand-mal-seizure/basics/causes/con-20021356
^ http://www.ajnr.org/content/21/10/1782.full http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1783429/
^ http://www.webmd.com/epilepsy/guide/types-of-seizures-their-symptoms
^ MAEHLE, A.-H. (2004). “Receptive Substances”: John Newport Langley (1852–1925) and his Path to a Receptor Theory of Drug Action. Medical History, 48(2), 153–174.

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1. 成人における初回痙攣発作の評価 evaluation of the first seizure in adults
2. 小児痙攣およびてんかんの分類、病因、および臨床的特徴の概要 overview of the classification etiology and clinical features of pediatric seizures and epilepsy
3. 成人におけるてんかんのマネージメントの概要 overview of the management of epilepsy in adults
4. 小児における痙攣およびてんかん症候群の治療の概要 overview of the treatment of seizures and epileptic syndromes in children
5. 成人におけるてんかんの外科的治療 surgical treatment of epilepsy in adults

English Journal

Selection of two lines of mice based on latency to onset of methionine sulfoximine seizures.

Cloix JF, Tahi Z, Martin B, Hévor T.Author information Laboratoire de Neurobiologie, Rue de Chartres, Université d'Orléans, BP 6759, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France. jean-francois.cloix@univ-orleans.frAbstractPURPOSE: In various animals methionine sulfoximine (MSO) induces tonic-clonic seizures resembling the most striking form of human epilepsies. The aim of the present study was to select two lines of mice based upon differences in their latency to MSO-dependent seizures, in order to characterize them.
Epilepsia.Epilepsia.2010 Jan;51(1):118-28. doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02200.x. Epub 2009 Dec 8.
PURPOSE: In various animals methionine sulfoximine (MSO) induces tonic-clonic seizures resembling the most striking form of human epilepsies. The aim of the present study was to select two lines of mice based upon differences in their latency to MSO-dependent seizures, in order to characterize them.
PMID 20015245

[Dr. Luis Cifuentes Delatte. Memories and teaching].

Pérez Albacete M.Author information Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, España. Mariano.perez2@carm.esAbstractOBJECTIVES: With the celebration of the centenary of the birth of Dr. Luis Cifuentes Delatte, due to his great scientific personality, we want to emphasize two features that, taken from his works and memories, we consider have not been emphasized enough: his role as historian of urology, both for the histories he narrated of his life experiences and the historical exposition of several pathologies, and also his teaching as professor of several generations of urologists, with the objective of trying to get to know his great human quality as he demonstrated over his life and showed in his writings.
Archivos españoles de urología.Arch Esp Urol.2008 Dec;61(10):1247-52.
OBJECTIVES: With the celebration of the centenary of the birth of Dr. Luis Cifuentes Delatte, due to his great scientific personality, we want to emphasize two features that, taken from his works and memories, we consider have not been emphasized enough: his role as historian of urology, both for th
PMID 19166112

[Itinerant physicians, the art of healing and doctors in national history (Mexico City, 1877-1911)].

Agostoni C.Author information Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF, México. agostoni@servidor.unam.mxAbstractThe uncertainty and mistrust towards the presence and activities of academic medical practitioners in Mexico City during the Porfirio Díaz government (1877-1911) convinced these professionals that is was essential to create, strengthen and transmit a respectable, competent and homogeneous image of the profession. To this purpose they recovered, recreated and adapted the ethical maxims of the occidental medical culture to their professional work, and rescued eminent medical figures of Mexico's convulse nineteenth century from being lost in the oblivion of history. Their goal - as it will be expounded in the following pages - was to respond, oppose and neutralize the criticism and disbelief expressed by the public against their professional performance.
Ciência & saúde coletiva.Cien Saude Colet.2008 May-Jun;13(3):975-84.
The uncertainty and mistrust towards the presence and activities of academic medical practitioners in Mexico City during the Porfirio Díaz government (1877-1911) convinced these professionals that is was essential to create, strengthen and transmit a respectable, competent and homogeneous image of
PMID 18813590

Febrile convulsions induced by the combination of lipopolysaccharide and low-dose kainic acid enhance seizure susceptibility, not epileptogenesis, in rats.

Heida JG, Teskey GC, Pittman QJ.Author information Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. jgheida@ucalgary.caAbstractPURPOSE: Febrile convulsions (FCs) are seizures that occur as a result of fever. Retrospective clinical studies show a large percentage of adults with temporal lobe epilepsy have a positive history of FCs, but it is unknown whether FCs during infancy alter susceptibility to developing late epilepsy. We have tested the hypothesis that FCs affect seizure susceptibility and epileptogenesis in adults.
Epilepsia.Epilepsia.2005 Dec;46(12):1898-905.
PURPOSE: Febrile convulsions (FCs) are seizures that occur as a result of fever. Retrospective clinical studies show a large percentage of adults with temporal lobe epilepsy have a positive history of FCs, but it is unknown whether FCs during infancy alter susceptibility to developing late epilepsy.
PMID 16393155