- 関
- decline、decrease、diminish、diminution、down-regulate、down-regulation、downregulate、downregulation、fall、reduce、reduction
WordNet
- the amount by which the cost of a business exceeds its revenue; "the company operated at a loss last year"; "the company operated in the red last year" (同)red ink, red
- gradual decline in amount or activity; "weight loss"; "a serious loss of business"
- something that is lost; "the car was a total loss"; "loss of livestock left the rancher bankrupt"
- the disadvantage that results from losing something; "his loss of credibility led to his resignation"; "losing him is no great deprivation" (同)deprivation
- the act of losing someone or something; "everyone expected him to win so his loss was a shock"
- the experience of losing a loved one; "he sympathized on the loss of their grandfather"
- undergo meiosis; "The cells reduce"
- cook until very little liquid is left; "The cook reduced the sauce by boiling it for a long time" (同)boil_down, concentrate
- be the essential element; "The proposal boils down to a compromise" (同)come_down, boil_down
- take off weight (同)melt off, lose weight, slim, slenderize, thin, slim down
- make smaller; "reduce an image" (同)scale_down
- narrow or limit; "reduce the influx of foreigners" (同)tighten
- make less complex; "reduce a problem to a single question"
- cut down on; make a reduction in; "reduce your daily fat intake"; "The employer wants to cut back health benefits" (同)cut_down, cut_back, trim, trim down, trim back, cut, bring_down
- bring to humbler or weaker state or condition; "He reduced the population to slavery"
- destress and thus weaken a sound when pronouncing it
- lessen and make more modest; "reduce ones standard of living"
- lower in grade or rank or force somebody into an undignified situation; "She reduced her niece to a servant"
- reposition (a broken bone after surgery) back to its normal site
- simplify the form of a mathematical equation of expression by substituting one term for another
- make smaller; "He decreased his staff" (同)lessen, minify
- a process of becoming smaller or shorter (同)decrement
- decrease in size, extent, or range; "The amount of homework decreased towards the end of the semester"; "The cabin pressure fell dramatically"; "her weight fell to under a hundred pounds"; "his voice fell to a whisper" (同)diminish, lessen, fall
- the amount by which something decreases (同)decrement
- the act of decreasing or reducing something (同)diminution, reduction, step-down
- a change downward; "there was a decrease in his temperature as the fever subsided"; "there was a sharp drop-off in sales" (同)lessening, drop-off
- inflect for number, gender, case, etc., "in many languages, speakers decline nouns, pronouns, and adjectives"
- a condition inferior to an earlier condition; a gradual falling off from a better state (同)declination
- change toward something smaller or lower (同)diminution
- grow smaller; "Interest in the project waned" (同)go_down, wane
- go down in value; "the stock market corrected"; "prices slumped" (同)slump, correct
- go down; "The roof declines here"
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 〈U〉(…を)『失うこと』,紛失《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉(…の)『損害』,損失;損失額《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉〈C〉(…に)『負けること』,(…の)敗北;失敗《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉(状態・程度の)『減少』,低下 / 《複数形で》(戦場における)(人の)損害,此傷者数
- (あるところまで)〈数量など〉‘を'『減らす』,小さくする;〈程度・地位など〉‘を'『下げる』《+『名』+『to』+『名』》 / 《しばしば受動態で》(ある状態・形に)…‘を'『する,』変える,至らせる《+『名』+『to』+『名』(do『ing』)》 / (単純な要素・部分に)…‘を'分解する,還元する《+『名』+『to』+『名』》 / …‘を'(…に)換算する,約分する《+『名』+『to』+『名』》 / 《話》〈人が〉減量する / 〈数量などが〉減る;〈程度・位などが〉下がる
- …'を'『減らす』 / 『減る』,少なくなる / 〈U〉〈C〉(…の)『減少』,縮小《+『in』+『名』》 / 〈C〉(…の)減少量(額)《+『in』(『of』)+『名』》
- (穏やかに,礼儀正しく)…'を'『断る』,拒絶する,拒否する / 〈名詞・代名詞・形容詞〉'を'語形変化させる / 『断る』,辞退する / 《文》〈土地などが〉『下に傾く』;〈太陽・月が〉傾く / 《文》『衰える』,衰徴する / 『衰徴』,衰弱
- 負ける,損をする,勝ち目がない
- 見よ,そら
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2016/04/05 22:36:40」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
|
Look up loss or lose in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
Loss may refer to:
- Loss (baseball), a pitching statistic in baseball
- Attenuation, a reduction in amplitude and intensity of a signal
- In telecommunications, loss is a decrease in signal in a communications system:
- Angular misalignment loss, power loss caused by the deviation from optimum angular alignment
- Bridging loss, the loss that results when an impedance is connected across a transmission line
- Coupling loss, the loss that occurs when energy is transferred from one circuit, optical device, or medium to another
- Insertion loss, the decrease in transmitted signal power resulting from the insertion of a device in a transmission line or optical fiber
- Path loss, the attenuation undergone by an electromagnetic wave in transit from a transmitter to a receiver
- Free-space path loss, the loss in signal strength that would result if all influences were sufficiently removed having no effect on its propagation
- Return loss, the ratio of the amplitude of the reflected wave to the amplitude of the incident wave
- Round-trip loss in laser physics refers to energy lost due to scattering or absorption
- Loss function, in statistics, a function representing the cost associated with an event
Arts
- Loss (film), a 2008 film by Maris Martinsons
- Joe Loss (1909–1990), founder of The Joe Loss Orchestra
- Loss (Mull Historical Society album), 2001
- Loss (Bass Communion album), 2006
- Loss (comics), a mutant comic book character
- Lord Loss (character), the Demon Lord from Darren Shan's 10 book series The Demonata
- "The Loss", a 1990 fourth-season episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation
See also
- Lose (disambiguation)
- Stop loss (disambiguation)
- Grief, an emotional response to loss
- Animal loss, grief over the loss of an animal
UpToDate Contents
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- 1. 不育症の定義および病因 definition and etiology of recurrent pregnancy loss
- 2. 不育症の男女のマネージメント management of couples with recurrent pregnancy loss
- 3. 突発性難聴 sudden sensorineural hearing loss
- 4. 成人における難聴の病因 etiology of hearing loss in adults
- 5. 感覚消失患者へのアプローチ approach to the patient with sensory loss
English Journal
- Mouse Spermatogenesis Requires Classical and Nonclassical Testosterone Signaling.
- Toocheck C1, Clister T1, Shupe J1, Crum C1, Ravindranathan P2, Lee TK3, Ahn JM3, Raj GV2, Sukhwani M1, Orwig KE1, Walker WH4.
- Biology of reproduction.Biol Reprod.2016 Dec;94(1):11. doi: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.132068. Epub 2015 Nov 25.
- Testosterone acts though the androgen receptor in Sertoli cells to support germ cell development (spermatogenesis) and male fertility, but the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which testosterone acts are not well understood. Previously, we found that in addition to acting through androgen recept
- PMID 26607719
- The Mouse INO80 Chromatin-Remodeling Complex Is an Essential Meiotic Factor for Spermatogenesis.
- Serber DW1, Runge JS1, Menon DU2, Magnuson T3.
- Biology of reproduction.Biol Reprod.2016 Dec;94(1):8. doi: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.135533. Epub 2015 Nov 25.
- The ability to faithfully transmit genetic information across generations via the germ cells is a critical aspect of mammalian reproduction. The process of germ cell development requires a number of large-scale modulations of chromatin within the nucleus. One such occasion arises during meiotic reco
- PMID 26607718
- Targeting polo-like kinase 1, a regulator of p53, in the treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma.
- Bussey KJ1,2, Bapat A3, Linnehan C4, Wandoloski M5, Dastrup E6, Rogers E7, Gonzales P8, Demeure MJ9.
- Clinical and translational medicine.Clin Transl Med.2016 Dec;5(1):1. doi: 10.1186/s40169-015-0080-3. Epub 2016 Jan 11.
- BACKGROUND: Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is an aggressive cancer with a 5 year survival rate of 20-30 %. Various factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of ACC including dysregulation of the G2/M transition and aberrant activity of p53 and MDM2. Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK-1) negatively mod
- PMID 26754547
- Iron-Doped (La,Sr)MnO3 Manganites as Promising Mediators of Self-Controlled Magnetic Nanohyperthermia.
- Shlapa Y1, Kulyk M2, Kalita V3, Polek T4, Tovstolytkin A5, Greneche JM6, Solopan S7, Belous A8.
- Nanoscale research letters.Nanoscale Res Lett.2016 Dec;11(1):24. doi: 10.1186/s11671-015-1223-6. Epub 2016 Jan 14.
- Fe-doped La0.77Sr0.23Mn1 - y Fe y O3 nanoparticles have been synthesized by sol-gel method, and ceramic samples based on them were sintered at 1613 K. Crystallographic and magnetic properties of obtained nanoparticles and ceramic samples have been studied. It has been established that cell volu
- PMID 26762265
Japanese Journal
- Do Participants With Different Patterns of Loss to Follow-Up Have Different Characteristics? A Multi-Wave Longitudinal Study
- Aquatic adaptation and the evolution of smell and taste in whales
- 最新原著レビュー 反復性肩関節脱臼に対するanterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligamentの修復が可動域制限に及ぼす影響
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- McAfee Data Loss Prevention Endpoint(旧名称:McAfee Data Loss Prevention)は 、社内のデータを監視・制御し、あらゆる不正利用を防ぐと同時に検知した不正行為を 追跡します。
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- ☆case14 複視
- ■glossary
- diplopia n. 複視
- 筋力低下、筋無力、筋脱力 muscle weakness, muscular weakness
- sunken
- vt. sinkのpp.
- adj.
- 沈没した、沈んだ、水中の
- 沈下した、一段低いところにある
- 落ち込んだ、くぼんだ
- 3,4-ジアミノピリジン 3,4-diaminopyridine 3,4-DAP K+チャネル阻害薬;ランバート・イートン筋無力症治療
- ■症例
- 43-year-old woman
- cheif complaint: diplopia
- present history: diplopia and holding her head up ; more marked in the evenings, for the last 3 months. difficulty of chewing. voice has become quieter. weight loss (3kg / 6months). non-smoker. drinks about 15 units/week. no regular medication.
- past history: no significant previous medical illnesses.
- family history: lives with her husband and three children.
- ・診察 examination
- looks well.
- organ systems: normal; cardiovascular, respiratory, and abdominal systems.
- muscle power; grossly normal. decrease after testing a movement repetitively.
- motor function: normal; tone, coordination, reflexes and sensation.
- bilateral ptosis. exacerbated by prolonged upward gaze
- eye: normal; pupillary reflexes, eye movements, and funduscopy
- ■答え
- diagnosis: myathenia gravis
- differential diagnoses:
- CASES
- 上位and/or下位運動ニューロン motor neurone disease 運動ニューロン疾患:線維束性攣縮。進行例では筋力低下
- 筋 muscular dystrophy 筋ジストロフィー:ある種の筋肉が選択的に筋力低下する。家族歴がある。
- 筋 dystrophia myotonica 強直性筋ジストロフィー:咬筋、側頭筋、胸鎖乳突筋の筋萎縮、四肢遠位端の筋萎縮。顔貌が特徴的(前頭部脱毛、無表情、窪んだ頬)。家族歴ある。筋電図が診断に有用(急降下爆撃音)。
- 筋 polymyositis 多発筋炎:普通は皮疹と関節痛が出現。CKが上昇。筋生検が診断に有用
- 筋 myopathy ミオパチー:甲状腺中毒性ミオパチー、甲状腺機能低下症によるミオパチー、クッシング症候群によるミオパチー、アルコール性のミオパチー
- 神経筋接合部? non-metastatic associations of malignancy (paraneoplastic syndrome(傍腫瘍性症候群 = 腫瘍随伴症候群)のこと):胸腺腫の症例の10%に重症筋無力症がみられる。ランバート・イートン筋無力症症候群は小細胞癌と関連がある。
- HIM.2674
- Treatment with penicillamine (used for scleroderma or rheumatoid arthritis) may result in true autoimmune MG, but the weakness is usually mild, and recovery occurs within weeks or months after discontinuing its use.
- 重症筋無力症の誘発:ペニシラミン(強皮症や関節リウマチの治療に用いられる)。
- mildだし、薬剤の中断で改善する。
- Aminoglycoside antibiotics or procainamide can cause exacerbation of weakness in myasthenic patients; very large doses can cause neuromuscular weakness in normal individuals.
- 重症筋無力症の悪化:アミドグリコシド系抗菌薬、プロカインアミド
- MGの患者の筋脱力が悪化する。
- ■参考文献
- HIM = Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 17th Edition
- CASES = 100 Cases in Clinical Medicine Second edition
- IMD = 内科診断学第2版
[★]
- ☆case13 手の筋力の低下
- ■glossary
- brisk adj. (人・態度が)活発な、元気のよい、きびきびした。ぶっきらぼうな、素っ気ない。(商売が)活況の(⇔dull)。小気味のよい、(大気など)爽快な、気持ちのよい。(味などが)ピリッとする。鋭い。(飲料が)盛んに泡立つ
- dysarthria n. difficulty in articulating words due to disease of the central nervous system 構音障害
- dysphasia n. loss of or deficiency in the power to use or understand language as a result of injury to or disease of the brain 失語症、言語障害
- multidisciplinary adj. 集学的な
- gastrostomy 胃瘻造設術
- feeding gastrostomy n. Surgery A procedure in which an opening is created in the anterior wall of the stomach to allow suction decompression and improved respiratory function by eliminating the need for a nasogastric feeding tube
- ■症例
- 67歳、男性 元大学講師(retired university lecturer)
- 主訴:左手の筋力低下と筋萎縮
- 現病歴:左手を使った労作後に左手の筋力が低下する(例えば、ドライバーを使った後など)。前腕の筋に疝痛をみとめる。発話はわずかに流暢であり(slight slurred)、水を飲んだあとで窒息しだす。服用薬はシンバスタチン、アスピリン、アテノロール。喫煙はしない。飲酒は週にワインのボトルを1本あける。
- 既往歴:高血圧が15年間続いている。3年前に心筋梗塞。
- 家族歴:妻と暮らしている。大きくなった2人の子供がいる。
- ・診察 examination
- 血圧:146/88 mmHg。心血管系、呼吸器系、腹部に異常を認めない。上肢に萎縮を認める。特に左手に著しい萎縮を認める。両側の上腕の筋にいくらか線維性筋攣縮を認める。筋力は左で全般的に低下(globaly reduced)、右手でわずかに低下。筋緊張は正常。上腕二頭筋反射・上腕三頭筋反射は両側ともに活発に認められる(brisk)。感覚喪失(sensory loss)は認めない。わずかに構音障害を認める
- ■キーワード&着目するポイント
- 筋萎縮、線維性筋攣縮、感覚喪失なし
- ■解説
- (第1パラグラフ) 疫学
- ・この男は運動ニューロン疾患。
- ・この疾患は原因不明の疾患で、脊髄、脳神経核、運動皮質に影響を及ぼす。
- ・この病気は普通50-70歳で出現する。
- (第2パラグラフ) 症状
- ・筋力低下と筋萎縮は一側の手か腕にあらわれるのが一般的 ← 両側性でないということか。
- ・筋力低下は運動後に最も顕著に表れる
- ・前腕の疝痛は疾患の初期に一般的である。
- ・患者は下肢の筋力低下あるいは構音障害や言語障害を訴えてやってくることがある。
- ・この病態の特徴的な生理的徴候は線維性攣縮(筋束の不規則で早い収縮。下位運動ニューロンの障害を示唆) → 下肢の運動ニューロン損傷による筋肉の脱神経が原因
- ・反射は著明 → 皮質運動ニューロンの喪失による。
- ・感覚喪失はない
- (第3パラグラフ) 鑑別
- ・進行例では診断は容易だが、初期ではmore problematic。
- ・疲労で悪化する四肢の筋力低下は「重症筋無力症」と混乱する。
- ・老人における失語症と構音障害の原因は、「脳血管障害による偽性球麻痺」であることがより一般的。
- ・上肢に感覚障害を伴わない筋萎縮、線維束攣縮を呈する他の疾患として「頚髄症」がある。
- ・「外傷」や「心尖部肺癌(パンコースト腫瘍)」による腕神経叢の損傷で腕に症状があらわれるかもしれない。
- ・末梢運動神経優位のニューロパチーは対側性の筋力低下と反射の低下というパターンを起こす。 ← ?
- (第4パラグラフ) 症状・経過
- ・運動ニューロン疾患は進行性で不治の病態
- ・足の痙性麻痺を発現する傾向がある
- ・球麻痺は失語症と構音障害を起こす
- ・肛門括約筋は普通影響を受けない
- ・知能は一般的に影響を受けない
- (第5パラグラフ) 治療・管理
- ・この病態に対して治癒的な治療法はない
- ・発症から平均生存期間は2-4年
- ・医師は診断と予後について患者と家族に説明しなければならない。
- ・集学的なチームはサポートを提供しなければいけない。
- ・病気が進行して発話が悪くなったとき、コンピュータの使用で会話は補助されうる。
- ・feeding gastrostomyは十分なカロリーの摂取を可能にするために必要かもしれない。
- ・非侵襲的な呼吸器は呼吸不全を補助するために使われうる
- ・普通、気管支肺炎で死亡する
- ■運動ニューロン疾患とは?
- 運動ニューロン疾患 motor neuron disease MND
- ■参考文献
- HIM = Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 17th Edition
- CASES = 100 Cases in Clinical Medicine Second edition
- IMD = 内科診断学第2版
[★]
- 減少する/させる。縮小する/させる。(力・温度など)低下する/させる、衰える/衰えさせる
- 減少、縮小、低下。減少/縮小/低下の数/量/額/率/度合い
- 関
- decline、depression、diminish、diminution、down-regulate、down-regulation、downregulate、downregulation、drop、fall、lessen、loss、lower、lowering、reduce、reduction、taper
[★]
- 関
- decline、decrease、diminish、diminution、down-regulate、down-regulation、downregulate、downregulation、fall、lessen、loss、reduction、taper
[★]
- 関
- decline、decrease、depression、diminish、diminution、down-regulate、down-regulation、downregulate、downregulation、drop、fall、hypoergy、loss、lower、lowering、parsimony、reduce、retrenchment
[★]
- 関
- depilate、depilation、hair removal
[★]
歯槽骨喪失、歯槽骨退縮
- 関
- alveolar bone loss
[★]
- 関
- ignition loss
[★]
ヘテロ接合性欠失 LOH