injury

• n.

• 傷害、損傷、外傷、受傷
• wound or trauma; harm or hurt; usually applied to damage inflicted on the body by an external force.

関

damage、injure、insult、lesion、spoilage、trauma、traumatic、traumatic injury、wound

　 　 　 　 　

WordNet

1. any physical damage to the body caused by violence or accident or fracture etc. (同)hurt, harm, trauma
2. an act that causes someone or something to receive physical damage
3. wrongdoing that violates anothers rights and is unjustly inflicted
4. an accident that results in physical damage or hurt (同)accidental injury
5. suffering from physical injury especially that suffered in battle; "nursing his wounded arm"; "ambulances...for the hurt men and women" (同)wounded
6. cause damage or affect negatively; "Our business was hurt by the new competition" (同)injure
7. give trouble or pain to; "This exercise will hurt your back"
8. feel physical pain; "Were you hurting after the accident?" (同)ache, suffer
9. damaged inanimate objects or their value (同)weakened
10. hurt the feelings of; "She hurt me when she did not include me among her guests"; "This remark really bruised my ego" (同)wound, injure, bruise, offend, spite
11. impose something unpleasant; "The principal visited his rage on the students" (同)bring_down, visit, impose
12. cause or do harm to; "These pills wont harm your system"
13. an emotional wound or shock often having long-lasting effects (同)psychic_trauma
14. put in a coil
15. an injury to living tissue (especially an injury involving a cut or break in the skin) (同)lesion
16. the act of inflicting a wound (同)wounding
17. a casualty to military personnel resulting from combat (同)injury, combat injury
18. a figurative injury (to your feelings or pride); "he feared that mentioning it might reopen the wound"; "deep in her breast lives the silent wound"; "The right reader of a good poem can tell the moment it strikes him that he has taken an immortal wound--t
19. suffer or be susceptible to damage; "These fine china cups damage easily"
20. inflict damage upon; "The snow damaged the roof"; "She damaged the car when she hit the tree"
21. the act of damaging something or someone (同)harm, hurt, scathe
22. loss of military equipment (同)equipment casualty
23. the occurrence of a change for the worse (同)harm, impairment
24. any localized abnormal structural change in a bodily part

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 『負傷』,『損害』,損傷 / (名誉などを)傷つけること,侮辱《+『to』+『名』》
2. 〈身体・身体の一部〉‘に'『苦痛を与える』;〈人〉‘に'『けがをさせる』 / 〈物〉‘に'『損害を与える』,〈評判など〉‘を'損なう / 〈人〉‘の'感情を害する,〈人の感情〉‘を'害する / 〈身体の一部が〉『痛む』 / (肉体的・精神的な)痛み(苦痛)を与える / 《話》《否定文で》支障がある,問題となる(matter) / 〈C〉(…による)(身体の)『けが』《+『from』+『名』(do『ing』)》 / 〈U〉(精神の)苦痛 / 〈C〉(物などの)損害;(誇り・感情などを)傷つけるもの《+『to』+『名』》
3. 〈苦痛・打撃・罰など〉‘を'『与える』,加える
4. 『害』,『損害』;危害 / (精神的な)害,災い;不幸;不都合 / …‘を'『害する』,‘に'損害を与える,危害を加える
5. 外傷 / 精神的外傷(心に永久的な傷を残すような衝撃)
6. windの過去・過去分詞
7. (身体の)『傷』,負傷 / (感情・自尊心などに対する)『痛手』,傷《+to+『名』》 / …‘を'『負傷させる』 / 〈感情など〉‘を'傷つける,〈人〉‘の'感情などを傷つける
8. 〈U〉『損害』,損傷,被害 / 《複数形で》損害賠障[金] / 《the~》《単数形で》《話》飛用 / …‘に'損傷する
9. 傷害,傷 / (体の組織や機能の)障害

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/11/23 22:21:59」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

This article is about injuries to biological organisms. It is not to be confused with Major trauma.

Injury
The knee of a person is examined with the help of radiography after an injury.
Classification and external resources
ICD-10	S00-T88
ICD-9-CM	800-999
MeSH	D014947

Injury is damage to the body. This maybe caused by accidents, falls, hits, weapons, and other causes.

Major trauma is injury that has the potential to cause prolonged disability or death.

In 2013 4.8 million people died from injuries up from 4.3 million in 1990. More than 30% of these deaths were transport related injuries. In 2013 367,000 children less than five died from injuries down from 766,000 in 1990. Injuries are the cause of 9% of all death and are the sixth leading cause of death in the world.

Classification

The World Health Organization (WHO) developed the International Classification of External Causes of Injury (ICECI). Under this system, injuries are classified by

• mechanism of injury,
• objects/substances producing injury,
• place of occurrence,
• activity when injured,
• the role of human intent,

and additional modules. These codes allow the identification of distributions of injuries in specific populations and case identification for more detailed research on causes and preventive efforts.

The United States Bureau of Labor Statistics developed the Occupational Injury and Illness Classification System (OIICS). Under this system injuries are classified by

• nature,
• part of body affected,
• source and secondary source, and
• event or exposure.

The OIICS was first published in 1992 and has been updated several times since.

The Orchard Sports Injury Classification System (OSICS) is used to classify injuries to enable research into specific sports injuries.

By cause

• Intentional injury
  • Suicide and self-harm
  • Violence and war
• Accidents
  • Stingray injury
  • Lightning injuries

By modality

• Traumatic injury, a body wound or shock produced by sudden physical collision or movement
  • Avulsion injury
  • Blast injury
  • Internal bleeding
  • Crush injury
  • Needlestick injury
  • Catastrophic injury
• Repetitive strain injury or other strain injury
• Other injuries from external physical causes, such as radiation poisoning, burn, or frostbite
  • Radiation-induced lung injury
  • Microwave burn
• Injury from toxin or as adverse effect of a pharmaceutical drug (e.g., vaccine injury)
  • Toxic injury
• Injury from internal causes such as reperfusion injury

By location

• Wound, an injury in which skin is torn, cut or punctured (an open wound), or where blunt force trauma causes a contusion (a closed wound). In pathology, it specifically refers to a sharp injury which damages the dermis of the skin.
• Brain injury
  • Acquired brain injury
  • Coup contrecoup injury
  • Diffuse axonal injury
  • Frontal lobe injury
• Nerve injury
  • Spinal cord injury
  • Brachial plexus injury
  • Peripheral nerve injury
  • Sciatic nerve injury
  • Injury of axillary nerve
• Soft tissue injury
• Cell damage, including direct DNA damage
• Lisfranc injury
• Tracheobronchial injury
• Eye injury
  • Chemical eye injury
  • Eye injuries during general anaesthesia
• Acute kidney injury
• Knee injury
  • Anterior cruciate ligament injury
  • Medial knee injuries
• Back injury
• Hand injury
• Liver injury
• Head injury
  • Penetrating head injury
  • Closed head injury
• Musculoskeletal injury
  • Articular cartilage injuries
• Acute lung injury
• Pancreatic injury
• Thoracic aorta injury
• Biliary injury
• Chest injury

By activity

• Sports injury
  • Reverse bite injury
  • Lead climbing injuries
• Occupational injury
  • Grease gun injury
• Ventilator-associated lung injury
• Sea urchin injury
• Transfusion-related acute lung injury
• Illness and injuries during spaceflight

See also

• List of causes of death by rate

References

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. 成人における外傷の初期管理 initial management of trauma in adults
• 2. 小児および思春期における陰嚢損傷 scrotal trauma in children and adolescents
• 3. 外傷管理：不安定な小児に対するアプローチ trauma management approach to the unstable child
• 4. 外傷患者における入院患者管理の概要 overview of inpatient management in trauma patients
• 5. 成人における胸壁外傷の初期評価および管理 initial evaluation and management of chest wall trauma in adults

English Journal

• Advanced Shotgun Lipidomics for Characterization of Altered Lipid Patterns in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Brain Injury.

• Wang M1, Han X.
• Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.).Methods Mol Biol.2016;1303:405-22. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2627-5_24.
• Multi-dimensional mass spectrometry-based shotgun lipidomics (MDMS-SL) is a powerful technology platform among current lipidomics practices due to its high efficiency, sensitivity, and reproducibility, as well as its broad coverage. This platform has been widely used to determine the altered lipid p
• PMID 26235081

• Evaluating the Effects of CDK Inhibitors in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Models.

• Guevara T1.
• Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.).Methods Mol Biol.2016;1336:111-21. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2926-9_10.
• CDK inhibitors have been used to induce protection in various experimental models. Kidney ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is a form of acute kidney injury resulting in a cascade of cellular events prompting rapid cellular damage and suppression of kidney function. I/R injury, an inevitable impairment dur
• PMID 26231712

• Long-term survival and quality of life after intensive care for patients 80 years of age or older.

• Andersen FH1, Flaatten H, Klepstad P, Romild U, Kvåle R.
• Annals of intensive care.Ann Intensive Care.2015 Dec;5(1):53. doi: 10.1186/s13613-015-0053-0. Epub 2015 Jun 3.
• BACKGROUND: Comparison of survival and quality of life in a mixed ICU population of patients 80 years of age or older with a matched segment of the general population.METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed survival of ICU patients ≥80 years admitted to the Haukeland University Hospital in 2000-2012.
• PMID 26055187

• Sacral insufficiency fractures: an underdiagnosed injury during childbirth? : A case report and review of literature.

• Ha J1, Patel NK, White J, Sarraf KM, Radford W.
• Archives of osteoporosis.Arch Osteoporos.2015 Dec;10(1):207. doi: 10.1007/s11657-015-0207-6. Epub 2015 Feb 24.
• Insufficiency fractures during pregnancy or childbirth are difficult to diagnose but holds high morbidity for a vulnerable patient group. In documenting the patient's pathway, diagnostic challenges and treatment options, it is hoped that pregnancy-related insufficiency fractures will be better diagn
• PMID 25708091

Japanese Journal

• 臨床報告 散弾銃による角膜穿孔外傷の1例

• 布目 貴康,松原 央,小澤 摩記 [他]
• 眼科 57(10), 1275-1279, 2015-09
• NAID 40020595521

• 重症頭部外傷慢性期患者の機能改善評価におけるFDG-PETの有用性

• 内野 福生,小野寺 晋志,尾崎 吉弘 [他]
• 臨床放射線 60(9), 1139-1148, 2015-09
• NAID 40020594796

• 抗リウマチ薬による肺障害 (特集 リウマチ肺合併症の変遷と画像診断医の役割)

• 酒井 文和
• 臨床放射線 60(9), 1115-1127, 2015-09
• NAID 40020594744

• 日本小児科学会こどもの生活環境改善委員会 Injury Alert(障害速報)・再々掲載

• 日本小児科学会雑誌 = The journal of the Japan Pediatric Society 119(9), 1439-1441, 2015-09
• NAID 40020593183

Related Links

• Injury

Injury was founded in 1969 and is an international journal dealing with all aspects of trauma care and accident surgery. Our primary aim is to facilitate the exchange of ideas, techniques and information among all members of the ...

• Injury | Define Injury at Dictionary.com - Dictionary.com | Find ...

1. destruction, ruin, impairment, mischief. 1–3. Injury, hurt, wound refer to impairments or wrongs. Injury, originally denoting a wrong done or suffered, is hence used for any kind of evil, impairment, or loss, caused or sustained: physical injury; injury to one's reputation.

• Injury - definition of injury by The Free Dictionary

in·ju·ry (ĭn′jə-rē) n. pl. in·ju·ries 1. Damage or harm done to or suffered by a person or thing: escaped from the accident without injury; a scandal that did considerable injury to the campaign. 2. A particular form of hurt, damage, or ...

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「100Cases 13」「損傷」「lesion」「damage」「insult」
拡張検索	「cellular injury」

「100Cases 13」

　　[★]

☆case13　手の筋力の低下

■glossary

brisk adj. (人・態度が)活発な、元気のよい、きびきびした。ぶっきらぼうな、素っ気ない。(商売が)活況の(⇔dull)。小気味のよい、(大気など)爽快な、気持ちのよい。(味などが)ピリッとする。鋭い。(飲料が)盛んに泡立つ

dysarthria n. difficulty in articulating words due to disease of the central nervous system　構音障害

dysphasia n. loss of or deficiency in the power to use or understand language as a result of injury to or disease of the brain　失語症、言語障害

multidisciplinary adj. 集学的な

gastrostomy 胃瘻造設術

feeding gastrostomy n. Surgery A procedure in which an opening is created in the anterior wall of the stomach to allow suction decompression and improved respiratory function by eliminating the need for a nasogastric feeding tube

■症例

67歳、男性　元大学講師(retired university lecturer)

主訴：左手の筋力低下と筋萎縮

現病歴：左手を使った労作後に左手の筋力が低下する(例えば、ドライバーを使った後など)。前腕の筋に疝痛をみとめる。発話はわずかに流暢であり(slight slurred)、水を飲んだあとで窒息しだす。服用薬はシンバスタチン、アスピリン、アテノロール。喫煙はしない。飲酒は週にワインのボトルを1本あける。

既往歴：高血圧が15年間続いている。3年前に心筋梗塞。

家族歴：妻と暮らしている。大きくなった2人の子供がいる。

・診察 examination

　血圧：146/88 mmHg。心血管系、呼吸器系、腹部に異常を認めない。上肢に萎縮を認める。特に左手に著しい萎縮を認める。両側の上腕の筋にいくらか線維性筋攣縮を認める。筋力は左で全般的に低下(globaly reduced)、右手でわずかに低下。筋緊張は正常。上腕二頭筋反射・上腕三頭筋反射は両側ともに活発に認められる(brisk)。感覚喪失(sensory loss)は認めない。わずかに構音障害を認める

■キーワード＆着目するポイント

　筋萎縮、線維性筋攣縮、感覚喪失なし

■解説

(第1パラグラフ)　疫学

・この男は運動ニューロン疾患。

・この疾患は原因不明の疾患で、脊髄、脳神経核、運動皮質に影響を及ぼす。

・この病気は普通50-70歳で出現する。

(第2パラグラフ) 症状

・筋力低下と筋萎縮は一側の手か腕にあらわれるのが一般的　←　両側性でないということか。

・筋力低下は運動後に最も顕著に表れる

・前腕の疝痛は疾患の初期に一般的である。

・患者は下肢の筋力低下あるいは構音障害や言語障害を訴えてやってくることがある。

・この病態の特徴的な生理的徴候は線維性攣縮(筋束の不規則で早い収縮。下位運動ニューロンの障害を示唆)　→　下肢の運動ニューロン損傷による筋肉の脱神経が原因

・反射は著明　→　皮質運動ニューロンの喪失による。

・感覚喪失はない

(第3パラグラフ)　鑑別

・進行例では診断は容易だが、初期ではmore problematic。

・疲労で悪化する四肢の筋力低下は「重症筋無力症」と混乱する。

・老人における失語症と構音障害の原因は、「脳血管障害による偽性球麻痺」であることがより一般的。

・上肢に感覚障害を伴わない筋萎縮、線維束攣縮を呈する他の疾患として「頚髄症」がある。

・「外傷」や「心尖部肺癌(パンコースト腫瘍)」による腕神経叢の損傷で腕に症状があらわれるかもしれない。

・末梢運動神経優位のニューロパチーは対側性の筋力低下と反射の低下というパターンを起こす。　←　？

(第4パラグラフ)　症状・経過

・運動ニューロン疾患は進行性で不治の病態

・足の痙性麻痺を発現する傾向がある

・球麻痺は失語症と構音障害を起こす

・肛門括約筋は普通影響を受けない

・知能は一般的に影響を受けない

(第5パラグラフ)　治療・管理

・この病態に対して治癒的な治療法はない

・発症から平均生存期間は2-4年

・医師は診断と予後について患者と家族に説明しなければならない。

・集学的なチームはサポートを提供しなければいけない。

・病気が進行して発話が悪くなったとき、コンピュータの使用で会話は補助されうる。

・feeding gastrostomyは十分なカロリーの摂取を可能にするために必要かもしれない。

・非侵襲的な呼吸器は呼吸不全を補助するために使われうる

・普通、気管支肺炎で死亡する

■運動ニューロン疾患とは？

運動ニューロン疾患 motor neuron disease MND

■参考文献

HIM = Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 17th Edition

CASES = 100 Cases in Clinical Medicine Second edition

IMD = 内科診断学第2版

「損傷」

　　[★]

英

injury, lesion

同

傷害

• 損傷 injury：組織の生理的な連絡が絶たれる、または機能が傷害された状態　→　機能障害が含まれる。

• 外傷 trauma：損傷のうち、外因によるもの
• 創傷 wound

• 機械的なエネルギーにより生じた損傷。
• 外力によって生じた組織損傷を総括して創傷と言うが、皮膚や粘膜の連続性が離断した開放性損傷を<創>、連続性が保持された閉鎖性損傷を<傷>と区別して用いることがある(SLE.12)

分類(SLE.106)

• 鈍体損傷

• 圧痕、表皮剥脱、皮内出血、皮下出血、挫創、裂創、デコルマン
• 内部損傷

• 骨折、脱臼、破裂、[[挫創

• 鋭器損傷

• 刃器によるもの

• 切創、刺創、割創

• 刺器・尖器によるもの

• 刺創

• 銃器・火薬による損傷

• 射創・銃創、爆創

参考

• 1.

http://www.jaam.jp/html/dictionary/dictionary/word/0906.htm

• 2.

http://www.med.nagoya-cu.ac.jp/legal.dir/lectures/newest/node4.html

「lesion」

　　[★]

• n.

• 病変、破壊、傷害

• v.

• 破壊する、障害する

関

abolish、barrier、break、damage、destroy、destruction、difficulty、dismantle、disorder、disrupt、disruptant、disruption、disturbance、dysfunction、foe、hindrance、impair、impairment、impediment、injury、insult、obstacle、rupture、subversion、subvert

　 　

「damage」

　　[★]

• n.

• ダメージ、障害、損傷、破損

• v.

• 破損する、損傷する

関

barrier、break、breakage、difficulty、disorder、disruption、disturbance、dysfunction、foe、hindrance、impair、impairment、impediment、injure、injury、lesion、obstacle、spoilage

　 　 　 　 　 　

「insult」

　　[★]

• n.

• 発作、侵襲、傷害

• v.

• 侵襲する

関

aggression、attack、bout、crises、crisis、infestation、injury、invasion、lesion、paroxysm、seizure、stroke

　 　

「cellular injury」

　　[★]

• 細胞傷害

関

cell injury、cytotoxic