waxing

• n.

• 漸増、ロウ引き

　 　 　

WordNet

1. (of the moon) pertaining to the period during which the visible surface of the moon increases; "the waxing moon passes from new to full"
2. the application of wax to a surface
3. a gradual increase in magnitude or extent; "the waxing of the moon"

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/07/04 04:35:15」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

For other uses, see Waxing (disambiguation).

Human hair
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Hair loss
Baldness Glabrousness Hair removal (waxing threading plucking chemical electric laser IPL) Shaving head leg Razor
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Waxing is a form of semi-permanent hair removal which removes the hair from the root. New hair will not grow back in the previously waxed area for four to six weeks, although some people will start to see regrowth in only a week due to some of their hair being on a different growth cycle. Almost any area of the body can be waxed, including eyebrows, face, pubic area (called bikini waxing), legs, arms, back, abdomen and feet. There are many types of waxing suitable for removing unwanted hair.

Strip waxing (soft wax) is accomplished by spreading a wax thinly over the skin. A cloth or paper strip is applied and pressed firmly, adhering the strip to the wax and the wax to the skin. The strip is then quickly ripped against the direction of hair growth, as parallel as possible to the skin to avoid trauma to the skin (i.e, bruising, broken capillaries, ingrown hairs caused by hair follicle trauma and lifting of skin). This removes the wax along with the hair.

Strip-less wax (as opposed to strip wax), also referred to as hard wax, is applied somewhat thickly and with no cloth or paper strips. The wax then hardens when it cools, thus allowing the easy removal by a therapist without the aid of cloths. This waxing method is very beneficial to people who have sensitive skin. Strip-less wax does not adhere to the skin as much as strip wax does, thus making it a good option for sensitive skin as finer hairs are more easily removed because the hard wax encapsulates the hair as it hardens. The strip-less waxing method can also be less painful.

Types of waxing

Male chest before and after waxing.

Waxing on sensitive body parts is best performed by an expert such as a licensed esthetician. Most parts of the body can be waxed, including nose and ear hair. Areas individuals should never wax include eyelashes and eyelids. These areas can be severely damaged if waxed.

Contraindications

The following factors are known to make those that are waxed more prone to "skin lifting," where the top layer of skin is torn away during waxing treatment.

• Taking blood-thinning medications
• Taking drugs for autoimmune diseases, including lupus
• Taking prednisone or steroids
• Psoriasis, eczema, or other chronic skin diseases
• Recent sunburn
• Recent cosmetic or reconstructive surgery
• Recent laser skin treatment
• Severe varicose leg veins
• Rosacea or very sensitive skin
• History of fever blisters or cold sores (waxing can cause a flare-up)
• Using Tretinoin, Tazarotene, Adapalene, Azelex, or any other peeling agent.
• Using hydroquinone
• Recent surgical peel, microdermabrasion or chemical peel using glycolic, alpha hydroxy, or salicylic acid, or other acid-based products.

Benefits and drawbacks

There are many benefits to waxing versus other forms of hair removal. It is an effective method to remove large amounts of hair at one time. It is a long-lasting method. Hair in waxed areas will not grow back for two to eight weeks. When hair is shaved or removed by depilatory cream, the hair is removed at the surface rather than the root. Within a few days, the hair can be seen at the surface. With these methods, hair tends to grow back in a rough stubble. Areas that are repeatedly waxed over long periods of time often exhibit regrowth that is softer.

There are many drawbacks of waxing as well. Waxing can be painful when the strip is removed from the skin. Although the pain is not long-lasting, it can be intense, particularly in sensitive areas. Another drawback to waxing is the expense: waxing is usually performed by a licensed esthetician, and in some cases the cost can be high, depending on the area waxed and the number of sittings required. There are do-it-yourself waxing supplies, but they may be difficult to use on oneself on some areas on the body.

Another drawback of waxing is that some people experience ingrown hairs, red bumps, and minor bleeding. This is more likely to occur when waxing areas with thick hair, especially the first few times when follicles are strongest.

See also

• Electrolysis
• Bikini waxing
• Body treatment
• Persian waxing

References

External links

• Kutty, Ahmad (13/Sep/2005) Islamic Ruling on Waxing Unwanted Hair Retrieved March 29, 2006.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. 無駄毛の除毛 removal of unwanted hair
• 2. 偽髭毛嚢炎 pseudofolliculitis barbae
• 3. Infectious folliculitis
• 4. 手術室で使用される局所止血剤および組織接着剤の概要 overview of topical hemostatic agents and tissues adhesives used in the operating room
• 5. 項部のケロイド性ざ瘡 acne keloidalis nuchae

English Journal

• Waxing and waning lymphadenopathy.

• Sharma P, Shinde SS, Luyun RF.SourceDepartment of Hospital Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. Electronic address: sharmap4@ccf.org.
• The American journal of medicine.Am J Med.2013 May;126(5):e3-4. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2013.01.009.
• PMID 23582945

• Moh's micrographic surgery for the management of a periocular mast cell tumor in a dog.

• Bernstein JA, Storey ES, Bauer RW.SourceLong Green Animal Dermatology Center, P.C., Baldwin, MD, USA Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, USA Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
• Veterinary ophthalmology.Vet Ophthalmol.2013 May;16(3):234-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2012.01059.x. Epub 2012 Sep 7.
• A 3-year-old neutered male boxer dog presented with a 6-month history of a waxing and waning mass of the left dorsotemporal eyelid margin. Cytology and biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of mast cell neoplasia. Systemic staging of the dog failed to reveal any evidence of metastatic neoplasia. Owing to the
• PMID 22958317

• Chemical exposure among professional ski waxers--characterization of individual work operations.

• Freberg BI, Olsen R, Thorud S, Ellingsen DG, Daae HL, Hersson M, Molander P.SourceNational Institute of Occupational Health, PO Box 8149 Dep., N-0033 Oslo, Norway. baard.freberg@stami.no
• The Annals of occupational hygiene.Ann Occup Hyg.2013 Apr;57(3):286-95. doi: 10.1093/annhyg/mes077. Epub 2012 Nov 19.
• BACKGROUND: Preparation of skis prior to skiing competitions involves several individual work operations and the use of a wide variety of chemically based ski waxing products to improve the performance of the skis, including products used after skiing for wax removal and ski sole cleaning. Modern sk
• PMID 23172551

• The influence of lunar phases on the occurrence of myocardial infarction: fact or myth? The MONICA/KORA Myocardial Infarction Registry.

• Wende R, von Klot S, Kirchberger I, Kuch B, von Scheidt W, Peters A, Meisinger C.SourceCentral Hospital of Augsburg, Department of Internal Medicine I - Cardiology, Augsburg, Germany.
• European journal of preventive cardiology.Eur J Prev Cardiol.2013 Apr;20(2):268-74. doi: 10.1177/2047487312438193. Epub 2012 Feb 3.
• AIMS: The potential influence of lunar phases on the occurrence of myocardial infarction is still controversial. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the association of the lunar cycle on the occurrence of fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction based on a myocardial infarction regi
• PMID 22345694

Japanese Journal

• 短期大学生の床用ワックスに関する実態調査

• 聖和学園短期大学紀要 (53), 27-29, 2016-03
• NAID 40020858359

• ワックスCAD/CAMテクニックによるワックスクラウンの加工精度に及ぼすセメント設計値の影響

• 日本歯科理工学会誌 35(1), 41-48, 2016-01-25
• NAID 110010043457

• 悪性腫瘍随伴皮膚筋炎を伴った胸腺癌の1例

• 肺癌 56(3), 189-193, 2016
• NAID 130005163245

• 月に対する小学校教員志望学生の認識状態の分析:―月の見かけの位置と観測可能な時刻を中心にして―

• 理科教育学研究 56(2), 271-277, 2015
• NAID 130005102491

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• Waxingとは - goo Wikipedia (ウィキペディア)

Waxing is a form of semi-permanent hair removal which removes the hair from the root. New hair will not grow back in the previously waxed area for four to six weeks, although some people will start to see regrowth in only a week due ...

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「100Cases 14」「漸増」「ロウ引き」

「100Cases 14」

　　[★]

☆case14　複視

■glossary

diplopia n. 複視

筋力低下、筋無力、筋脱力 muscle weakness, muscular weakness

sunken

vt. sinkのpp.

adj.

沈没した、沈んだ、水中の

沈下した、一段低いところにある

落ち込んだ、くぼんだ

3,4-ジアミノピリジン 3,4-diaminopyridine 3,4-DAP K+チャネル阻害薬;ランバート・イートン筋無力症治療

■症例

43-year-old woman

cheif complaint: diplopia

present history: diplopia and holding her head up ; more marked in the evenings, for the last 3 months. difficulty of chewing. voice has become quieter. weight loss (3kg / 6months). non-smoker. drinks about 15 units/week. no regular medication.

past history: no significant previous medical illnesses.

family history: lives with her husband and three children.

・診察 examination

looks well.

organ systems: normal; cardiovascular, respiratory, and abdominal systems.

muscle power; grossly normal. decrease after testing a movement repetitively.

motor function: normal; tone, coordination, reflexes and sensation.

bilateral ptosis. exacerbated by prolonged upward gaze

eye: normal; pupillary reflexes, eye movements, and funduscopy

■答え

diagnosis: myathenia gravis

differential diagnoses:

CASES

上位and/or下位運動ニューロン motor neurone disease　運動ニューロン疾患：線維束性攣縮。進行例では筋力低下

筋 muscular dystrophy　筋ジストロフィー：ある種の筋肉が選択的に筋力低下する。家族歴がある。

筋 dystrophia myotonica　強直性筋ジストロフィー：咬筋、側頭筋、胸鎖乳突筋の筋萎縮、四肢遠位端の筋萎縮。顔貌が特徴的(前頭部脱毛、無表情、窪んだ頬)。家族歴ある。筋電図が診断に有用(急降下爆撃音)。

筋 polymyositis　多発筋炎：普通は皮疹と関節痛が出現。CKが上昇。筋生検が診断に有用

筋 myopathy　ミオパチー：甲状腺中毒性ミオパチー、甲状腺機能低下症によるミオパチー、クッシング症候群によるミオパチー、アルコール性のミオパチー

神経筋接合部？ non-metastatic associations of malignancy (paraneoplastic syndrome(傍腫瘍性症候群 = 腫瘍随伴症候群)のこと)：胸腺腫の症例の10%に重症筋無力症がみられる。ランバート・イートン筋無力症症候群は小細胞癌と関連がある。

HIM.2674

• 神経筋接合部 congenital myasthenia syndrome　先天性筋無力症症候群
• 神経筋接合部 drug-induced myasthenia　薬剤性筋無力症

Treatment with penicillamine (used for scleroderma or rheumatoid arthritis) may result in true autoimmune MG, but the weakness is usually mild, and recovery occurs within weeks or months after discontinuing its use.

　重症筋無力症の誘発：ペニシラミン(強皮症や関節リウマチの治療に用いられる)。

　　mildだし、薬剤の中断で改善する。

Aminoglycoside antibiotics or procainamide can cause exacerbation of weakness in myasthenic patients; very large doses can cause neuromuscular weakness in normal individuals.

　重症筋無力症の悪化：アミドグリコシド系抗菌薬、プロカインアミド

　　MGの患者の筋脱力が悪化する。

• 神経筋接合部 Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome　ランバート・イートン筋無力症症候群：全身の筋肉が冒されるが、特に下肢の近位筋が冒される。MGと同じように～70%の患者で脳神経所見(眼瞼下垂、複視など)が認められる。MGと違うのは(1)反射が消失・減弱すること、(2)自律神経系の変化(口渇、勃起不全)を生じる、(3)神経刺激検査で漸増(waxing)が見られることである。病因は神経筋接合部のP/Q type calcium channelsに対する抗体の出現であり、85%の患者で見いだされる。治療はMGのように血漿交換や免疫抑制薬が使われる。3,4-DAPやpyridostigmineは症状に対する治療のために用いる。前者は運動神経の終末部でカルシウムチャネルをブロックし活動電位を延長させる。後者はアセチルコリンエステラーゼを阻害してシナプスにおける神経伝達物質の濃度を上げる。
• 精神疾患 neurasthenia　神経衰弱症：歴史的な用語。器質的な障害を伴わない筋無力症のような脱力を伴う症候群。患者は筋脱力や疲労を訴えてやってくる。筋肉の検査では器質的変化は認めないが"jerky release"あるいは"give-away weakness"が認められる。患者の主訴は反復動作による筋力低下よりむしろ疲労や感情鈍麻である。
• 内分泌疾患 hyperthyroidism　甲状腺機能亢進症：MGが疑われる患者にはthyroid function testをルーチンにやる。甲状腺機能異常は筋無力症の筋力低下を大きくすることがある。
• 神経筋接合部 botulism　ボツリヌス症：ボツリヌス毒素はシナプス前膜からの神経伝達物質の開口分泌を妨げる。症状はbulbar weakness (複視、構音障害、嚥下困難)。感覚障害はない。深部腱反射は初期には保たれている。進行すれば反射は見られなくなる。筋脱力は全身性。呼吸困難に陥ることがある。精神状態は正常。自律神経症状(麻痺性イレウス、便秘、urinary retention、瞳孔の散大、瞳孔の反応性低下、口渇)。確定診断は血清中の毒素の検出だけど、見つかることはまれ。神経伝導検査(nerve conduction studies)：compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs)の低下。高頻度の刺激で振幅が増加。治療：intubation for airway protection、呼吸補助、aggressive inpatient supportive care(e.g., nutrition, DVT prophylaxis)。馬の抗毒素を検査結果が帰ってくる前に投与する(？)。
• 上位運動ニューロン intracranial mass lesions　頭蓋内占拠病変：複視はintracranial mass lesionが外眼筋の神経を圧迫することにより生じる。
• 筋 progressive external ophthalmoplegia　進行性外眼筋麻痺：外眼筋の筋脱力を伴う。四肢の近位筋の筋力低下やそのほかの全身症状を伴うことがある。ミトコンドリアの異常を有する。

■参考文献

HIM = Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 17th Edition

CASES = 100 Cases in Clinical Medicine Second edition

IMD = 内科診断学第2版

「漸増」

　　[★]

日

ぜんぞう

英

waxing, recruitment

同

漸増現象 waxing phenomenon、レクルートメント、補充

関

ランバート・イートン症候群。漸減

「ロウ引き」

　　[★]

英

waxing

関

漸増