adj.

還元型の

関: reduced form

WordNet

well below normal (especially in price) (同)rock-bottom
undergo meiosis; "The cells reduce"
cook until very little liquid is left; "The cook reduced the sauce by boiling it for a long time" (同)boil_down, concentrate
be the essential element; "The proposal boils down to a compromise" (同)come_down, boil_down
take off weight (同)melt off, lose weight, slim, slenderize, thin, slim down
make smaller; "reduce an image" (同)scale_down
narrow or limit; "reduce the influx of foreigners" (同)tighten
make less complex; "reduce a problem to a single question"
cut down on; make a reduction in; "reduce your daily fat intake"; "The employer wants to cut back health benefits" (同)cut_down, cut_back, trim, trim down, trim back, cut, bring_down
bring to humbler or weaker state or condition; "He reduced the population to slavery"
destress and thus weaken a sound when pronouncing it
lessen and make more modest; "reduce ones standard of living"
lower in grade or rank or force somebody into an undignified situation; "She reduced her niece to a servant"
reposition (a broken bone after surgery) back to its normal site
simplify the form of a mathematical equation of expression by substituting one term for another

PrepTutorEJDIC

(あるところまで)〈数量など〉‘を'『減らす』,小さくする;〈程度・地位など〉‘を'『下げる』《+『名』+『to』+『名』》 / 《しばしば受動態で》(ある状態・形に)…‘を'『する,』変える,至らせる《+『名』+『to』+『名』(do『ing』)》 / (単純な要素・部分に)…‘を'分解する,還元する《+『名』+『to』+『名』》 / …‘を'(…に)換算する,約分する《+『名』+『to』+『名』》 / 《話》〈人が〉減量する / 〈数量などが〉減る;〈程度・位などが〉下がる

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/12/10 03:05:28」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Look up reduce, reduced, or reduction in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Reduction, reduced, or reduce may refer to:

Science[edit]

Chemistry[edit]

Reduction, part of a reduction-oxidation (redox) reaction in which atoms have their oxidation state changed.
- Organic redox reaction, a redox reaction that takes place with organic compounds
- Reduced gas, a gas with a low oxidation number
- Reducing agent, element or compound in a redox reaction that donates an electron to another species
- Reducing atmosphere, an oxygen-poor gaseous environment that inhibits oxidation
- Reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes a reduction reaction
- Reduction potential, a measure of the tendency of a chemical species to acquire electrons
- Ore reduction: see smelting

Computing and algorithms[edit]

Reduction (complexity), a transformation of one problem into another problem
Graph reduction, an efficient version of non-strict evaluation
Strength reduction, a compiler optimization where a function of some systematically changing variable is calculated more efficiently by using previous values of the function
Reduction (recursion theory), given sets A and B of natural numbers, is it possible to effectively convert a method for deciding membership in B into a method for deciding membership in A?
L-reduction, a transformation of optimization problems which keeps the approximability features
Variance reduction, a procedure used to increase the precision of the estimates that can be obtained for a given number of iterations
Partial order reduction, a technique for reducing the size of the state-space to be searched by a model checking algorithm
Bit Rate Reduction, an audio compression method
Reduce (computer algebra system), a general-purpose computer algebra system geared towards applications in physics
Reduce (higher-order function), in functional programming, a family of higher-order functions that process a data structure in some order and build up a return value
Reduced instruction set computing, a CPU design philosophy that favors an instruction set reduced both in size and complexity of addressing modes, in order to enable easier implementation, greater instruction level parallelism, and more efficient compilers

Pure mathematics and statistics[edit]

Reducible may be the opposite of irreducible (mathematics)
Reduction (mathematics), the rewriting of an expression into a simpler form
Beta reduction, the rewriting of an expression from lambda calculus into a simpler form
Subject reduction or preservation, a rewrite of an expression that does not change its type
Reduction system, reduction strategy, the application of rewriting systems to eliminate reducible expressions
Dimension reduction, the process of reducing the number of random variables under consideration
Lattice reduction, given an integer lattice basis as input, to find a basis with short, nearly orthogonal vectors
Reduction of order, a technique for solving second-order ordinary differential equations
Relation reduction, the extent to which a given relation is determined by an indexed family or a sequence of other relations, called the relation dataset
Reduction of the structure group, for a -bundle and a map an -bundle such that the pushout is isomorphic to
Reduced form, in statistics, an equation which relates the endogenous variable X to all the available exogenous variables, both those included in the regression of interest (W) and the instruments (Z)
Reduced ring, a ring with no non-zero nilpotent elements
Reduced residue system, a set of φ(n) integers such that each integer is relatively prime to n and no two are congruent modulo n
Reduced product, a construction that generalizes both direct product and ultraproduct
Reduced word, in a free group, a word with no adjacent generator-inverse pairs
Reduced homology, a minor modification made to homology theory in algebraic topology, designed to make a point have all its homology groups zero
Reduced row echelon form, a certain reduced row echelon form of a matrix which completely and uniquely determines its row space

Physics[edit]

Dimensional reduction, the limit of a compactified theory where the size of the compact dimension goes to zero
Reduction criterion, in quantum information theory, a necessary condition a mixed state must satisfy in order for it to be separable
Reduced properties of a fluid, defined based on the fluid's critical point:
- Reduced pressure
- Reduced temperature
- Reduced volume
Reduced mass, the "effective" inertial mass appearing in the two-body problem of Newtonian mechanics

Technology[edit]

Noise reduction, acoustic or signal processing
Reduction drive, a mechanical device to shift rotational speed

Philosophy[edit]

Eidetic reduction, a technique in the study of essences in phenomenology whose goal is to identify the basic components of phenomena
Intertheoretic reduction, in philosophy of science, one theory makes predictions that perfectly or almost perfectly match the predictions of a second theory
Reduction (philosophy), the process by which one object, property, concept, theory, etc., is shown to be entirely dispensable in favor of another
Reductionism, a range of philosophical systems

Medicine[edit]

Weight loss
Selective reduction (or fetal reduction), the practice of reducing the number of fetuses in a multifetal pregnancy
Reduction (orthopedic surgery), a medical procedure to restore a fracture or dislocation to the correct alignment
Ventricular reduction, a type of operation in cardiac surgery
Urea reduction ratio (URR), a dimensionless number used to quantify hemodialysis treatment adequacy

Cosmetic surgery[edit]

Breast reduction
Jaw reduction

Epidemiology[edit]

Relative risk reduction, the absolute risk reduction by the control event rate
Absolute risk reduction, the decrease in risk of a given activity or treatment in relation to a control activity or treatment

Linguistics[edit]

Accent reduction, modifying one's foreign accent towards that of a native speaker
Vowel reduction, any change in vowel quality perceived as "weakening"
Relaxed pronunciation, slurring of syllables of common words
Definite article reduction, use of vowel-less forms of the English definite article in Northern England

Politics and social policy[edit]

Demand reduction, efforts aimed at reducing public desire for illegal and illicit drugs
Harm reduction, policies designed to reduce the harmful consequences associated with recreational drug use and other high risk activities
Immigration reduction
Paperwork reduction, reducing red tape
Poverty reduction
Reduced price meal, a reimbursable meal (or snack) served in the USA to a child who qualifies because of low family’s income.
Risk reduction (disambiguation), risk management by reducing the severity of an eventuated risk
Reuse
Supply reduction, efforts aimed at disrupting the manufacturing and distribution supply chains for illegal and illicit drugs

History[edit]

Lithic reduction, in Stone Age toolmaking, to detach lithic flakes from a lump of tool stone
Reduction can refer to the siege and capture of a fortified place
Reduction (Sweden), return to the Crown of fiefs that had been granted to the Swedish nobility
Indian Reductions, settlements in Spanish America intended to assimilate Indians

Other[edit]

Ego reduction, predicated on the use of Sigmund Freud's concept of the ego
Piano reduction, sheet music for the piano that was once music for other instruments that was reduced to its most basic components within a two line staff for piano
Reduction (cooking), the process of thickening or intensifying the flavor of a liquid mixture such as a soup, sauce, wine, or juice by evaporation
Reductio ad absurdum, a form of argument in which a proposition is disproven by following its implications to an absurd consequence
Reduction in rank, military law
Reduction to practice, in United States patent law, the embodiment of the concept of an invention
Reduce (waste), minimizing waste

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 血液成分の調製 preparation of blood components
2. 血小板輸血療法に対する不応性 refractoriness to platelet transfusion therapy
3. 甲状腺ホルモンに対する感受性の低下 reduced sensitivity to thyroid hormone
4. 血漿成分の臨床使用 clinical use of plasma components
5. 7～18歳の小児におけるジフテリア、破傷風、および百日咳ワクチン diphtheria tetanus and pertussis immunization in children 7 through 18 years of age

English Journal

Indigenous community participation: How does it relate to student centered learning and embrace primary health care philosophies?

Biles JM, Biles BJ.SourceSchool of Nursing, Midwifery and Indigenous Health, Charles Sturt University, Albury Campus, Thurgoona, NSW, Australia.
Contemporary nurse : a journal for the Australian nursing profession.Contemp Nurse.2011 Dec;37(1):92-5.
Abstract The health and well-being of Indigenous Australians has been identified as a critical problem with high levels of chronic illness, morbidity and mortality compared to other Australian population groups. However, as health professionals we continue to discuss and theorise components of Indig
PMID 21591831

Cold Pad-Batch dyeing method for cotton fabric dyeing with reactive dyes using ultrasonic energy.

Khatri Z, Memon MH, Khatri A, Tanwari A.SourceDepartment of Textile Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, Pakistan.
Ultrasonics sonochemistry.Ultrason Sonochem.2011 Nov;18(6):1301-7. Epub 2011 Apr 12.
Reactive dyes are vastly used in dyeing and printing of cotton fibre. These dyes have a distinctive reactive nature due to active groups which form covalent bonds with -OH groups of cotton through substitution and/or addition mechanism. Among many methods used for dyeing cotton with reactive dyes, t
PMID 21550289

Japanese Journal

Topology optimization for worst load conditions based on the eigenvalue analysis of an aggregated linear system

Takezawa Akihiro,Nii Satoru,Kitamura Mitsuru,Kogiso Nozomu,竹澤晃弘,タケザワアキヒロ,新居悟,ニイサトル,北村充,キタムラミツル,小木曽望,コギソノゾム
Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 200(25-28), 2268-2281, 2011-06-15
… The aggregation solution technique provides the direct relationship between the uncertain input load and output displacement, as a small linear system composed of these vectors and the reduced size of a symmetric matrix, in the context of a discretized linear elasticity problem, using the finite element method. …
NAID 120003001428

Influence of aggregated particles on biodegradation activities for dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) in Lake Kahokugata

Maki Teruya,Hirota Wakana,Motojima Hiroyuki,Hasegawa Hiroshi,Rahman Mohammad Azizur
Chemosphere 83(11), 1486-1492, 2011-06
… When the organic aggregates >5.0 μm were eliminated from the lake water samples using filters, the degradation activities were reduced. …
NAID 120002924875

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「100Cases 13」「還元型」「reduced form」
拡張検索	「reduced NAD」「reduced nicotinamideadenine dinucleotide」「filtration under reduced pressure」
関連記事	「reduce」

「100Cases 13」

　　[★]

☆case13　手の筋力の低下

■glossary

brisk adj. (人・態度が)活発な、元気のよい、きびきびした。ぶっきらぼうな、素っ気ない。(商売が)活況の(⇔dull)。小気味のよい、(大気など)爽快な、気持ちのよい。(味などが)ピリッとする。鋭い。(飲料が)盛んに泡立つ

dysarthria n. difficulty in articulating words due to disease of the central nervous system　構音障害

dysphasia n. loss of or deficiency in the power to use or understand language as a result of injury to or disease of the brain　失語症、言語障害

multidisciplinary adj. 集学的な

gastrostomy 胃瘻造設術

feeding gastrostomy n. Surgery A procedure in which an opening is created in the anterior wall of the stomach to allow suction decompression and improved respiratory function by eliminating the need for a nasogastric feeding tube

■症例

67歳、男性　元大学講師(retired university lecturer)

主訴：左手の筋力低下と筋萎縮

現病歴：左手を使った労作後に左手の筋力が低下する(例えば、ドライバーを使った後など)。前腕の筋に疝痛をみとめる。発話はわずかに流暢であり(slight slurred)、水を飲んだあとで窒息しだす。服用薬はシンバスタチン、アスピリン、アテノロール。喫煙はしない。飲酒は週にワインのボトルを1本あける。

既往歴：高血圧が15年間続いている。3年前に心筋梗塞。

家族歴：妻と暮らしている。大きくなった2人の子供がいる。

・診察 examination

　血圧：146/88 mmHg。心血管系、呼吸器系、腹部に異常を認めない。上肢に萎縮を認める。特に左手に著しい萎縮を認める。両側の上腕の筋にいくらか線維性筋攣縮を認める。筋力は左で全般的に低下(globaly reduced)、右手でわずかに低下。筋緊張は正常。上腕二頭筋反射・上腕三頭筋反射は両側ともに活発に認められる(brisk)。感覚喪失(sensory loss)は認めない。わずかに構音障害を認める

■キーワード＆着目するポイント

　筋萎縮、線維性筋攣縮、感覚喪失なし

■解説

(第1パラグラフ)　疫学

・この男は運動ニューロン疾患。

・この疾患は原因不明の疾患で、脊髄、脳神経核、運動皮質に影響を及ぼす。

・この病気は普通50-70歳で出現する。

(第2パラグラフ) 症状

・筋力低下と筋萎縮は一側の手か腕にあらわれるのが一般的　←　両側性でないということか。

・筋力低下は運動後に最も顕著に表れる

・前腕の疝痛は疾患の初期に一般的である。

・患者は下肢の筋力低下あるいは構音障害や言語障害を訴えてやってくることがある。