adj.

運動の

n.

モーター

関: exercise、kinesis、locomote、locomotive、motility、motion、move、movement

WordNet

machine that converts other forms of energy into mechanical energy and so imparts motion
a nonspecific agent that imparts motion; "happiness is the aim of all men and the motor of all action"
move so as to change position, perform a nontranslational motion; "He moved his hand slightly to the right"
go or proceed from one point to another; "the debate moved from family values to the economy"
the act of changing your residence or place of business; "they say that three moves equal one fire" (同)relocation
(game) a players turn to take some action permitted by the rules of the game
the act of deciding to do something; "he didnt make a move to help"; "his first move was to hire a lawyer"
cause to move or shift into a new position or place, both in a concrete and in an abstract sense; "Move those boxes into the corner, please"; "Im moving my money to another bank"; "The director moved more responsibilities onto his new assistant" (同)displace
have a turn; make ones move in a game; "Can I go now?" (同)go
progress by being changed; "The speech has to go through several more drafts"; "run through your presentation before the meeting" (同)go, run
propose formally; in a debate or parliamentary meeting (同)make a motion
arouse sympathy or compassion in; "Her fate moved us all"
change residence, affiliation, or place of employment; "We moved from Idaho to Nebraska"; "The basketball player moved from one team to another"
dispose of by selling; "The chairman of the company told the salesmen to move the computers"
live ones life in a specified environment; "she moves in certain circles only"
the act of changing the location of something; "the movement of cargo onto the vessel"
the driving and regulating parts of a mechanism (as of a watch or clock); "it was an expensive watch with a diamond movement"
a natural event that involves a change in the position or location of something (同)motion
a group of people with a common ideology who try together to achieve certain general goals; "he was a charter member of the movement"; "politicians have to respect a mass movement"; "he led the national liberation front" (同)social movement, front
a major self-contained part of a symphony or sonata; "the second movement is slow and melodic"
a state of change; "they were in a state of steady motion"
the act of changing location from one place to another; "police controlled the motion of the crowd"; "the movement of people from the farms to the cities"; "his move put him directly in my path" (同)movement, move
a change of position that does not entail a change of location; "the reflex motion of his eyebrows revealed his surprise"; "movement is a sign of life"; "an impatient move of his hand"; "gastrointestinal motility" (同)movement, move, motility
a formal proposal for action made to a deliberative assembly for discussion and vote; "he made a motion to adjourn"; "she called for the question" (同)question
having three motors
the act of driving an automobile

PrepTutorEJDIC

(電気の)『モーター』,電動機 / エンジン,(特に)内燃機関 / 《英》自動車(motorcar) / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》 / モーターの;エンジンの;自動車の / モーター(エンジン)による,自動車による / (神経・筋肉について)運動の / 自動車で行く / …‘を'自動車で運ぶ
《しばしば副詞[句]を伴って》『動く』,移動する,揺れ動く / (…から…へ)『引っ越す』,移転する《+『from』(『out of』)+『名』+『to』+『名』》 / 《副詞[句]を伴って》〈時間などか〉経過する(ある方向へ)〈事態・仕事などが〉進展する,向かう / (…で)活動する,活躍する《+『in』(『on』)+『名』》 / 動議を出す,提案する / (チェス・チェッカーなどで)こまを動かす / 《しばしば副詞[句]を伴って》…‘を'『動かす』,移動する,進行させる;…‘を'揺り動かす / 《しばしば受動態で》〈人〉‘を'『感動させる』,‘の'気持ちを動かす / …‘を'動議する,提案する / 措置,手段 / (チェス・チェッカーなどで)こまを動かすこと,一手;こまを動かす番,手番 / 《単数形で》動き,動作
〈U〉(…の)『運動』,『動き』;移動《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉動作,身振り / 〈C〉《複数形で》行動,活動 / 〈C〉(…に向かう)(事熊の)成り行き,動向《+『toward』+『名』》 / 〈C〉(目標を達成するための一群の人たちの)運動 / 〈C〉(賛団の)移動,移住;(人口の)異動《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉楽章 / 〈C〉(時計などの)機械装置,動く仕掛け
〈U〉『動くこと,運動』,運行,移動 / 〈C〉『動作』;身ぶり,合図 / 〈C〉(議会などの)『動議』,提案;)法廷での)申請,申し立て / 《しばしば副詞[句]を伴って》〈人など〉‘に'『身振りで合図をする』 / 『身振りで合図する』:《『motion to(for)』+『名』+『to』 do・・・に・・・するよう身振りで合図する》
自動車運転〈技術〉,ドライブ
気のきいた言葉

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/05/09 06:07:44」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Look up motor in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

A Motor is a device that creates motion. It usually refers to an engine of some kind. It may also specifically refer to:

Electric motor, a machine that converts electricity into a mechanical motion
- AC motor, an electric motor that is driven by alternating current
  - Synchronous motor, an alternating current motor distinguished by a rotor spinning with coils passing magnets at the same rate as the alternating current and resulting magnetic field which drives it
  - Induction motor, also called a squirrel-cage motor, a type of asynchronous alternating current motor where power is supplied to the rotating device by means of electromagnetic induction
- DC motor, an electric motor that runs on direct current electricity
  - Brushed DC electric motor, an internally commutated electric motor designed to be run from a direct current power source
  - Brushless DC motor, a synchronous electric motor which is powered by direct current electricity and has an electronically controlled commutation system, instead of a mechanical commutation system based on brushes
- Electrostatic motor, a type of electric motor based on the attraction and repulsion of electric charge
- Engines, which are very commonly called "motors"
- Servo motor, an electric motor that operates a servo, commonly used in robotics
- Starter motor, for starting an internal-combustion engine of a vehicle.
- Stepper motor, a type of electric motor capable of rotating its output shaft in equally spaced fractions of a full rotation, known as steps
- Internal fan-cooled electric motor, an electric motor that is self-cooled by a fan, typically used for motors with a high energy density

Actuator, a mechanical device for moving or controlling a mechanism or system
Hydraulic motor, a machine that converts the energy of pressurized liquid flow into mechanical motion
Rocket motor, usually refers to solid rocket engines
Molecular motor, the agents of movement in living organisms
- Synthetic molecular motor, molecular machines capable of rotation under energy input
Nanomotor, a molecular device capable of converting energy into movement
Pneumatic motor, a machine that converts the energy of compressed air into mechanical motion
"Motor Car" or "Motor", alternate terms for an automobile

Other uses

Motor language, extinct since the 1840s, a Uralic language that was spoken in the northern region of the Sayan Mountains in Siberia

Biology

Motor system, the physiological system that is responsible for physical movement
- Motor neuron, neurons that originate in the spinal cord and synapse with muscle fibers
- Motor skill, the ability of an organism to use the motor system effectively

Publications

The Motors, a British pub rock/punk band, formed in 1977 by Nick Garvey, Andy McMaster, Ricky Slaughter and Rob Hendry, who was replaced by Bram Tchaikovsky the same year
The Motor, defunct British magazine
Motor (magazine), Australian magazine

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title.
If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 筋萎縮性側索硬化症およびその他の運動ニューロン疾患の臨床的特徴 clinical features of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other forms of motor neuron disease
2. 筋萎縮性側索硬化症およびその他の運動ニューロン疾患の診断 diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other forms of motor neuron disease
3. 多巣性運動ニューロパチー multifocal motor neuropathy
4. 脳性麻痺のマネージメントおよび予後 management and prognosis of cerebral palsy
5. 成人における詳細な神経学的検査 the detailed neurologic examination in adults

English Journal

Investigation of pediatric neck response and muscle activation in low-speed frontal impacts.

Dong L1, Mao H, Li G, Yang KH.
Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering.Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin.2015 Nov;18(15):1680-92. doi: 10.1080/10255842.2014.946914. Epub 2014 Aug 18.
Pediatric necks present different responses and injury patterns compared with those of adults in motor vehicle crashes (MVCs). To evaluate the effect of different muscle modeling methodologies, three muscle models were developed and simulated under low-speed frontal impact conditions with an average
PMID 25130495

Characterization of extra virgin olive oils produced with typical Italian varieties by their phenolic profile.

Del Monaco G1, Officioso A2, D'Angelo S3, La Cara F4, Ionata E1, Marcolongo L1, Squillaci G1, Maurelli L1, Morana A1.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2015 Oct 1;184:220-8. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.03.071. Epub 2015 Mar 26.
Evaluation of phenolic profile, antioxidant power, and protective capacity against oxidation of red blood cells (RBCs) of olive oil phenolic extracts (OOPEs) from several Italian varieties were studied. Phenolic profiles, and quantification of seven selected bioactive compounds were performed by RP-
PMID 25872448

Enforcement of alcohol-impaired driving laws in the United States: a national survey of state and local agencies.

Erickson DJ1, Farbakhsh K, Toomey TL, Lenk KM, Jones-Webb R, Nelson TF.
Traffic injury prevention.Traffic Inj Prev.2015 Aug 18;16(6):533-9. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2014.995789.
OBJECTIVES: Enforcement of alcohol-impaired driving laws is an important component of efforts to prevent alcohol-involved motor vehicle fatalities. Little is known about the use of drinking-driving enforcement strategies by state and local law enforcement agencies or whether the use of strategies di
PMID 25802970

Seat belt use to save face: impact on drivers' body region and nature of injury in motor vehicle crashes.

Han GM1, Newmyer A, Qu M.
Traffic injury prevention.Traffic Inj Prev.2015 Aug 18;16(6):605-10. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2014.999856.
BACKGROUND: Seat belt use is the single most effective way to save lives and reduce injuries in motor vehicle crashes. However, some case reports described seat belt use as a double-edged sword because some injuries are related to seat belt use in motor vehicle crashes. To comprehensively understand
PMID 25671580

Japanese Journal

Tap dancing birds: the multimodal mutual courtship display of males and females in a socially monogamous songbird

Scientific reports 5, 16614, 2016-11-20
NAID 120005682126

マツダの開発・生産システムの統合化-コンカレントな組織間協働を中心に-(今木秀和教授,全在紋教授退任記念号)

桃山学院大学経済経営論集 57(4), 83-128, 2016-03-22
NAID 110010016112

ジョイント・アクション中の妨害はパフォーマンスを低下させるが相補的力発揮を促進する

鳴門教育大学研究紀要 31, 293-300, 2016-03-11
NAID 120005728042

ロボットにおけるモータ (特集モータにおける省エネルギー・省資源化)

エネルギー・資源 = Energy and resources 37(2), 132-137, 2016-03
NAID 40020763986

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「100Cases 14」「100Cases 13」「move」「movement」「locomotive」
拡張検索	「sensorimotor gating」「upstream promotor element」

「100Cases 14」

　　[★]

☆case14　複視

■glossary

diplopia n. 複視

筋力低下、筋無力、筋脱力 muscle weakness, muscular weakness

sunken

vt. sinkのpp.

adj.

沈没した、沈んだ、水中の

沈下した、一段低いところにある

落ち込んだ、くぼんだ

3,4-ジアミノピリジン 3,4-diaminopyridine 3,4-DAP K+チャネル阻害薬;ランバート・イートン筋無力症治療

■症例

43-year-old woman

cheif complaint: diplopia

present history: diplopia and holding her head up ; more marked in the evenings, for the last 3 months. difficulty of chewing. voice has become quieter. weight loss (3kg / 6months). non-smoker. drinks about 15 units/week. no regular medication.

past history: no significant previous medical illnesses.

family history: lives with her husband and three children.

・診察 examination

looks well.

organ systems: normal; cardiovascular, respiratory, and abdominal systems.

muscle power; grossly normal. decrease after testing a movement repetitively.

motor function: normal; tone, coordination, reflexes and sensation.

bilateral ptosis. exacerbated by prolonged upward gaze

eye: normal; pupillary reflexes, eye movements, and funduscopy

■答え

diagnosis: myathenia gravis

differential diagnoses:

CASES

上位and/or下位運動ニューロン motor neurone disease　運動ニューロン疾患：線維束性攣縮。進行例では筋力低下

筋 muscular dystrophy　筋ジストロフィー：ある種の筋肉が選択的に筋力低下する。家族歴がある。

筋 dystrophia myotonica　強直性筋ジストロフィー：咬筋、側頭筋、胸鎖乳突筋の筋萎縮、四肢遠位端の筋萎縮。顔貌が特徴的(前頭部脱毛、無表情、窪んだ頬)。家族歴ある。筋電図が診断に有用(急降下爆撃音)。

筋 polymyositis　多発筋炎：普通は皮疹と関節痛が出現。CKが上昇。筋生検が診断に有用

筋 myopathy　ミオパチー：甲状腺中毒性ミオパチー、甲状腺機能低下症によるミオパチー、クッシング症候群によるミオパチー、アルコール性のミオパチー

神経筋接合部？ non-metastatic associations of malignancy (paraneoplastic syndrome(傍腫瘍性症候群 = 腫瘍随伴症候群)のこと)：胸腺腫の症例の10%に重症筋無力症がみられる。ランバート・イートン筋無力症症候群は小細胞癌と関連がある。

HIM.2674

神経筋接合部 congenital myasthenia syndrome　先天性筋無力症症候群
神経筋接合部 drug-induced myasthenia　薬剤性筋無力症

Treatment with penicillamine (used for scleroderma or rheumatoid arthritis) may result in true autoimmune MG, but the weakness is usually mild, and recovery occurs within weeks or months after discontinuing its use.

　重症筋無力症の誘発：ペニシラミン(強皮症や関節リウマチの治療に用いられる)。

　　mildだし、薬剤の中断で改善する。

Aminoglycoside antibiotics or procainamide can cause exacerbation of weakness in myasthenic patients; very large doses can cause neuromuscular weakness in normal individuals.

　重症筋無力症の悪化：アミドグリコシド系抗菌薬、プロカインアミド

　　MGの患者の筋脱力が悪化する。

神経筋接合部 Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome　ランバート・イートン筋無力症症候群：全身の筋肉が冒されるが、特に下肢の近位筋が冒される。MGと同じように～70%の患者で脳神経所見(眼瞼下垂、複視など)が認められる。MGと違うのは(1)反射が消失・減弱すること、(2)自律神経系の変化(口渇、勃起不全)を生じる、(3)神経刺激検査で漸増(waxing)が見られることである。病因は神経筋接合部のP/Q type calcium channelsに対する抗体の出現であり、85%の患者で見いだされる。治療はMGのように血漿交換や免疫抑制薬が使われる。3,4-DAPやpyridostigmineは症状に対する治療のために用いる。前者は運動神経の終末部でカルシウムチャネルをブロックし活動電位を延長させる。後者はアセチルコリンエステラーゼを阻害してシナプスにおける神経伝達物質の濃度を上げる。
精神疾患 neurasthenia　神経衰弱症：歴史的な用語。器質的な障害を伴わない筋無力症のような脱力を伴う症候群。患者は筋脱力や疲労を訴えてやってくる。筋肉の検査では器質的変化は認めないが"jerky release"あるいは"give-away weakness"が認められる。患者の主訴は反復動作による筋力低下よりむしろ疲労や感情鈍麻である。
内分泌疾患 hyperthyroidism　甲状腺機能亢進症：MGが疑われる患者にはthyroid function testをルーチンにやる。甲状腺機能異常は筋無力症の筋力低下を大きくすることがある。
神経筋接合部 botulism　ボツリヌス症：ボツリヌス毒素はシナプス前膜からの神経伝達物質の開口分泌を妨げる。症状はbulbar weakness (複視、構音障害、嚥下困難)。感覚障害はない。深部腱反射は初期には保たれている。進行すれば反射は見られなくなる。筋脱力は全身性。呼吸困難に陥ることがある。精神状態は正常。自律神経症状(麻痺性イレウス、便秘、urinary retention、瞳孔の散大、瞳孔の反応性低下、口渇)。確定診断は血清中の毒素の検出だけど、見つかることはまれ。神経伝導検査(nerve conduction studies)：compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs)の低下。高頻度の刺激で振幅が増加。治療：intubation for airway protection、呼吸補助、aggressive inpatient supportive care(e.g., nutrition, DVT prophylaxis)。馬の抗毒素を検査結果が帰ってくる前に投与する(？)。
上位運動ニューロン intracranial mass lesions　頭蓋内占拠病変：複視はintracranial mass lesionが外眼筋の神経を圧迫することにより生じる。
筋 progressive external ophthalmoplegia　進行性外眼筋麻痺：外眼筋の筋脱力を伴う。四肢の近位筋の筋力低下やそのほかの全身症状を伴うことがある。ミトコンドリアの異常を有する。

■参考文献

HIM = Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 17th Edition

CASES = 100 Cases in Clinical Medicine Second edition

IMD = 内科診断学第2版

「100Cases 13」

　　[★]

☆case13　手の筋力の低下

■glossary

brisk adj. (人・態度が)活発な、元気のよい、きびきびした。ぶっきらぼうな、素っ気ない。(商売が)活況の(⇔dull)。小気味のよい、(大気など)爽快な、気持ちのよい。(味などが)ピリッとする。鋭い。(飲料が)盛んに泡立つ

dysarthria n. difficulty in articulating words due to disease of the central nervous system　構音障害

dysphasia n. loss of or deficiency in the power to use or understand language as a result of injury to or disease of the brain　失語症、言語障害

multidisciplinary adj. 集学的な

gastrostomy 胃瘻造設術

feeding gastrostomy n. Surgery A procedure in which an opening is created in the anterior wall of the stomach to allow suction decompression and improved respiratory function by eliminating the need for a nasogastric feeding tube

■症例

67歳、男性　元大学講師(retired university lecturer)

主訴：左手の筋力低下と筋萎縮

現病歴：左手を使った労作後に左手の筋力が低下する(例えば、ドライバーを使った後など)。前腕の筋に疝痛をみとめる。発話はわずかに流暢であり(slight slurred)、水を飲んだあとで窒息しだす。服用薬はシンバスタチン、アスピリン、アテノロール。喫煙はしない。飲酒は週にワインのボトルを1本あける。

既往歴：高血圧が15年間続いている。3年前に心筋梗塞。

家族歴：妻と暮らしている。大きくなった2人の子供がいる。

・診察 examination

　血圧：146/88 mmHg。心血管系、呼吸器系、腹部に異常を認めない。上肢に萎縮を認める。特に左手に著しい萎縮を認める。両側の上腕の筋にいくらか線維性筋攣縮を認める。筋力は左で全般的に低下(globaly reduced)、右手でわずかに低下。筋緊張は正常。上腕二頭筋反射・上腕三頭筋反射は両側ともに活発に認められる(brisk)。感覚喪失(sensory loss)は認めない。わずかに構音障害を認める

■キーワード＆着目するポイント

　筋萎縮、線維性筋攣縮、感覚喪失なし

■解説

(第1パラグラフ)　疫学

・この男は運動ニューロン疾患。

・この疾患は原因不明の疾患で、脊髄、脳神経核、運動皮質に影響を及ぼす。

・この病気は普通50-70歳で出現する。

(第2パラグラフ) 症状

・筋力低下と筋萎縮は一側の手か腕にあらわれるのが一般的　←　両側性でないということか。

・筋力低下は運動後に最も顕著に表れる

・前腕の疝痛は疾患の初期に一般的である。

・患者は下肢の筋力低下あるいは構音障害や言語障害を訴えてやってくることがある。