- v.
WordNet
- enter or assume a certain state or condition; "He became annoyed when he heard the bad news"; "It must be getting more serious"; "her face went red with anger"; "She went into ecstasy"; "Get going!" (同)go, get
- come into existence; "What becomes has duration"
- enhance the appearance of; "Mourning becomes Electra"; "This behavior doesnt suit you!" (同)suit
- undergo a change or development; "The water turned into ice"; "Her former friend became her worst enemy"; "He turned traitor" (同)turn
- to send or let go; "They turned away the crowd at the gate of the governors mansion"
- (sports) a division during which one team is on the offensive (同)bout, round
- pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become; "The weather turned nasty"; "She grew angry" (同)grow
- become officially one year older; "She is turning 50 this year"
- change color; "In Vermont, the leaves turn early"
- a favor for someone; "he did me a good turn" (同)good turn
- (game) the activity of doing something in an agreed succession; "it is my turn"; "it is still my play" (同)play
- the act of changing or reversing the direction of the course; "he took a turn to the right" (同)turning
- taking a short walk out and back; "we took a turn in the park"
- the act of turning away or in the opposite direction; "he made an abrupt turn away from her"
- an unforeseen development; "events suddenly took an awkward turn" (同)turn of events, twist
- pass to the other side of; "turn the corner"; "move around the obstacle" (同)move around
- let (something) fall or spill from a container; "turn the flour onto a plate" (同)release
- cause to move around a center so as to show another side of; "turn a page of a book" (同)turn_over
- accomplish by rotating; "turn a somersault"; "turn cartwheels"
- alter the functioning or setting of; "turn the dial to 10"; "turn the heat down"
- cause to change or turn into something different;assume new characteristics; "The princess turned the frog into a prince by kissing him"; "The alchemists tried to turn lead into gold"
- cause to move along an axis or into a new direction; "turn your face to the wall"; "turn the car around"; "turn your dance partner around"
- cause to move around or rotate; "turn a key"; "turn your palm this way"
- change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense; "Turn towards me"; "The mugger turned and fled before I could see his face"; "She turned from herself and learned to listen to others needs"
- channel ones attention, interest, thought, or attention toward or away from something; "The pedophile turned to boys for satisfaction"; "people turn to mysticism at the turn of a millennium"
- direct at someone; "She turned a smile on me"; "They turned their flashlights on the car"
- get by buying and selling; "the company turned a good profit after a year"
- move around an axis or a center; "The wheels are turning"
- shape by rotating on a lathe or cutting device or a wheel; "turn the legs of the table"; "turn the clay on the wheel"
- pass, fare, or elapse; of a certain state of affairs or action; "How is it going?"; "The day went well until I got your call"
- a time for working (after which you will be relieved by someone else); "its my go"; "a spell of work" (同)spell, tour, turn
- be abolished or discarded; "These ugly billboards have to go!"; "These luxuries all had to go under the Khmer Rouge"
- a board game for two players who place counters on a grid; the object is to surround and so capture the opponents counters (同)go game
- move away from a place into another direction; "Go away before I start to cry"; "The train departs at noon" (同)go away, depart
- lead, extend, or afford access; "This door goes to the basement"; "The road runs South" (同)lead
- follow a procedure or take a course; "We should go farther in this matter"; "She went through a lot of trouble"; "go about the world in a certain manner"; "Messages must go through diplomatic channels" (同)proceed, move
- be awarded; be allotted; "The first prize goes to Mary"; "Her money went on clothes"
- be contained in; "How many times does 18 go into 54?"
- be or continue to be in a certain condition; "The children went hungry that day"
- be ranked or compare; "This violinist is as good as Juilliard-trained violinists go"
- be sounded, played, or expressed; "How does this song go again?"
- be spent; "All my money went for food and rent"
- functioning correctly and ready for action; "all systems are go"
- reach by calculation; "What do you get when you add up these numbers?"
- cause to move; cause to be in a certain position or condition; "He got his squad on the ball"; "This let me in for a big surprise"; "He got a girl into trouble" (同)let, have
- a return on a shot that seemed impossible to reach and would normally have resulted in a point for the opponent
- come into the possession of something concrete or abstract; "She got a lot of paintings from her uncle"; "They acquired a new pet"; "Get your results the next day"; "Get permission to take a few days off from work" (同)acquire
- reach with a blow or hit in a particular spot; "the rock caught her in the back of the head"; "The blow got him in the back"; "The punch caught him in the stomach" (同)catch
- succeed in catching or seizing, especially after a chase; "We finally got the suspect"; "Did you catch the thief?" (同)catch, capture
- irritate; "Her childish behavior really get to me"; "His lying really gets me" (同)get under one''s skin
- receive as a retribution or punishment; "He got 5 years in prison" (同)receive
- acquire as a result of some effort or action; "You cannot get water out of a stone"; "Where did she get these news?"
- communicate with a place or person; establish communication with, as if by telephone; "Bill called this number and he got Mary"; "The operator couldnt get Kobe because of the earthquake"
- evoke an emotional response; "Brahmss `Requiem gets me every time"
- overcome or destroy; "The ice storm got my hibiscus"; "the cat got the goldfish"
- purchase; "What did you get at the toy store?"
- reach and board; "She got the bus just as it was leaving"
- reach or enter a state, relation, condition, use, or position; "The water came to a boil"; "We came to understand the true meaning of life"; "Their anger came to a boil"; "I came to realize the true meaning of life"; "The shoes came untied"; "come into co
- be found or available; "These shoes come in three colors; The furniture comes unassembled"
- come to pass; arrive, as in due course; "The first success came three days later"; "It came as a shock"; "Dawn comes early in June"
- happen as a result; "Nothing good will come of this"
- develop into; "This idea will never amount to anything"; "nothing came of his grandiose plans" (同)add up, amount
- be received; "News came in of the massacre in Rwanda" (同)come_in
- move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody; "He came singing down the road"; "Come with me to the Casbah"; "come down here!"; "come out of the closet!"; "come into the room" (同)come_up
- to be the product or result; "Melons come from a vine"; "Understanding comes from experience" (同)follow
- cover a certain distance; "She came a long way"
- exist or occur in a certain point in a series; "Next came the student from France"
- experience orgasm; "she could not come because she was too upset"
- extend or reach; "The water came up to my waist"; "The sleeves come to your knuckles"
- have a certain priority; "My family comes first"
- displaying or setting off to best advantage; "a becoming new shade of rose"; "a becoming portrait"
- according with custom or propriety; "her becoming modesty"; "comely behavior"; "it is not comme il faut for a gentleman to be constantly asking for money"; "a decent burial"; "seemly behavior" (同)comely, comme_il_faut, decent, decorous, seemly
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 《『become』+『名』(『形』,『過分』)〈補〉」(…と)『なる』 / 〈衣類などが〉〈人〉‘に'『似合う;〈身分など〉‘に'『ふさわしい』
- becomeの過去形
- …‘を'『回す』,回転させる / 〈角など〉‘を'『曲がる』,迂回(うかい)する / …‘を'『ひっくり返す』,裏返す / …‘の'『向きを変える』,‘を'方向転換させる / …‘を'向ける / …‘を'『変化させる』,変質(変色)させる / ‥‘を'行かせる,追い払う / 〈ある年齢・時刻・数量など〉‘を'越す,過ぎる / 《副詞[句]を伴って》‥‘を'乱す,めちゃめちゃにする / 〈胃〉‘を'むかつかせる;〈心・頭など〉‘を'混乱させる,狂わせる / …‘を'折る,曲げる,ねじる;〈足首〉‘を'くじく / …‘に'丸みをつける;(旋盤・ろくろで)…‘を'作る / …‘を'きれいに形作る;〈文・曲など〉‘を'うまく作る / 〈商品・資金〉‘を'回転させる;〈利益〉‘を'あげる / 〈土・畑など〉‘を'掘り返す(plow) / (何かを軸・中心にして)『回る』,回転する / (…に)『進路を変える』;〈道路などが〉(…に)曲がる;折れる;〈風などが〉(…に)向きを変える《+to(toward)+名》 / 〈人が〉(…に向かって)ふり向く《+toward+名》,(…から)そらす《+from+名》 / 〈人が〉ころがる,寝込りを打つ / 〈物が〉さかさになる,裏返しになる / (…に)心(注意など)を向ける《+to+名》;(…から)心(注意など)をそらす《+from+名》 / 変わる,なる / 〈木の葉などが〉変色する;〈牛乳などが〉変質する,腐敗する / 〈胃が〉むかつく;〈心・頭が〉混乱する,変になる;〈頭が〉ふらつく / 〈パイプなどが〉曲がる,たわむ / 〈C〉『回転』,回ること / 〈C〉『方向転換』,曲がること,折り返し / 〈C〉曲がり目;曲がり角,折り返し点 / 〈C〉《a turn》(状況などの)変化,転機;《the turn》(…の)変り目,転換期《+of+名》 / 〈C〉『順番』,番 / 〈C〉《a turn》一回りの散歩(ドライブ);一仕事 / 〈C〉行い,行為 / 《a turn》言い回し,言葉遣い / 〈C〉(…の)性向,気質;素質,才能《+『for』+『名』(do『ing』)》 / 〈C〉形,格好 / 〈C〉《話》(めまい・吐き気などの)発作《+of+名》 / 〈C〉《話》ショック,はっとすること / 〈C〉必要,急場 / 〈C〉見方,解釈;くふう,ひねり(twist) / 〈C〉《おもに英》(寄席などの)出し物,演芸
- 《方向・場所を表す副詞[句]を伴って》『行く』,動く;(目的地に関係なく)進む,動く / (ある事をしに)『行く』: / 《副詞[句]を伴って》『立ち去る』,出かける,出発する / 〈機械などが〉(順調に)動く / 《副詞[句]を伴って》〈事が〉『運ぶ』,進展する / (ある状態に)『なる』,変わる / 《『go』+『名』(『形,過分』)〈補〉》(ある状態の)『ままである』 / (…から…に)向かっている,延びている《+『from』+『名』+『to』+『名』》(進行形にできない) / 〈賞品・財産などが〉(…の)ものとなる,(…の手に)渡る《+『to』+『名』》 / 〈金などが〉(…に)使用される,充当される》+『for』(『on,to』)+『名』》 / 有郊である,役立つ / 《副詞[句]を伴って》〈時間が〉過ぎる / 売られる,売れる / なくなる,つぶれる,死ぬ / 《must,can,have toと共に》捨てられる,無用にされる / 《副詞[句]を伴って》(あるべき場所に)位置する,納まる / 〈数量などが〉(…に)等しい《+『to』+『名』》;〈数が〉(…に)含まれる《+『into』+『名』》 / 《副詞[句]を伴って》音を出す,鳴る / 始める,行動に移る / 《副詞[句]を伴って》〈事が〉(…と)なっている(進行形にできない) / 《『as』+『名』+『go』の形で》普通…である,一般には…である / 《『go』 『and』 do》《話》 / …しに行く / (愚かにも,不運にも)…をする / 《単なる強調で》…する / 《『go』『going』『to』 do》 / 《話している人の意志》(…する,させる)『つもりである』 / 《可能性・見込み》(…し)『そうである』 / 《近い未来》(…し)ようとしている / 《『go』 do『ing』》 / 《否定文・疑問文で》…するようなことをする / 《『go』+『名』》(…を,に) / 〈C〉行くこと,去ること,進行 / 〈U〉《話》活力,精力 / 〈C〉《話》試し,試み / 〈C〉《単数形で》(ゲームなどでの)番,順番
- …‘を'『受け取る』,もらう(受動態にできない) / …‘を'『手に入れる』,得る(受動態にできない) / …‘を'『取ってくる』,持ってくる / 〈人〉‘に'『させる』,『してもらう』 / …‘を'『する』 / 《目的語の名詞の意味を受けて》…『する』,『される』 / 〈病気〉‘に'かかる(受動態にできない) / …‘を'捕らえる,捕まえる / …‘を'覚える,知る / …‘を'聞く,聞き取る(hear);《話》…‘を'理解する,了解する,分かる / 〈放送局〉‘を'キャッチする;…‘と'連絡がつく / 〈食事〉‘の'準備をする,したくする / 《話》《『have got』+『名』》…‘を'持っている(have) / 《話》《『have got to』 do》…しなくてはならない / 〈人〉‘を'やっつける,参らせる / 《副詞[句]を伴って》(ある場所に)『着く』,達する;(ある場所・方向に)動く / (ある状態に)『なる』 / 《『get』+『過分』〈補〉》(…)『される』 / 《話》《『get to』 do=『get』 do『ing』》『やっと』(…)『するようになる』,(…)しだす,し始める
- 〈相手が〉(話し手の方へ)『来る』,やって来る;〈話し手が〉(相手の方へ)『行く』,伺う《+『to』(『into』)+『名』》 / (ある場所に)『着く』,到着する《+『to』+『名』》 / 〈時が〉『到来する』;〈順序が〉くる / (…に)『届く』,達する《+『to』+『名』》 / 〈事が〉(…に)『起こる』,生じる,降りかかる《+『to』+『名』》,(…から)起こる《+『from』(『of』)+『名』》 / 〈物が〉現れる,できる;〈子が〉生まれる / 〈考えなどが〉(人の)心に浮かぶ《+『to』+『名』》 / 〈人が〉(…の)『出身である』,生まれである《+『from』(『of』)+『名』》 / 〈商品などが〉利用できる,手に入る / (ある状態・結果に)『なる』,至る / 《命令形で促したり警告などを表して》さあ,これこれ / 《仮定法現在で,年月・時期などを表す語[句]の前で》…が来ると / 《仮定法現在》〈障害・難関など〉が来ても / 《『come the』+『名』の形で》(…の)ふるまいをする,(…)ぶる
- (服装などが)似合った / 《補語にのみ用いて》(行為などが)(…に)ふさわして,適当な《+『to』(『for, in』)+『名』》
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Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
| リンク元 | 「100Cases 14」「turn」「come」「go」「get」 |
「100Cases 14」
- ☆case14 複視
- ■glossary
- diplopia n. 複視
- 筋力低下、筋無力、筋脱力 muscle weakness, muscular weakness
- sunken
- vt. sinkのpp.
- adj.
- 沈没した、沈んだ、水中の
- 沈下した、一段低いところにある
- 落ち込んだ、くぼんだ
- 3,4-ジアミノピリジン 3,4-diaminopyridine 3,4-DAP K+チャネル阻害薬;ランバート・イートン筋無力症治療
- ■症例
- 43-year-old woman
- cheif complaint: diplopia
- present history: diplopia and holding her head up ; more marked in the evenings, for the last 3 months. difficulty of chewing. voice has become quieter. weight loss (3kg / 6months). non-smoker. drinks about 15 units/week. no regular medication.
- past history: no significant previous medical illnesses.
- family history: lives with her husband and three children.
- ・診察 examination
- looks well.
- organ systems: normal; cardiovascular, respiratory, and abdominal systems.
- muscle power; grossly normal. decrease after testing a movement repetitively.
- motor function: normal; tone, coordination, reflexes and sensation.
- bilateral ptosis. exacerbated by prolonged upward gaze
- eye: normal; pupillary reflexes, eye movements, and funduscopy
- ■答え
- diagnosis: myathenia gravis
- differential diagnoses:
- CASES
- 上位and/or下位運動ニューロン motor neurone disease 運動ニューロン疾患：線維束性攣縮。進行例では筋力低下
- 筋 muscular dystrophy 筋ジストロフィー：ある種の筋肉が選択的に筋力低下する。家族歴がある。
- 筋 dystrophia myotonica 強直性筋ジストロフィー：咬筋、側頭筋、胸鎖乳突筋の筋萎縮、四肢遠位端の筋萎縮。顔貌が特徴的(前頭部脱毛、無表情、窪んだ頬)。家族歴ある。筋電図が診断に有用(急降下爆撃音)。
- 筋 polymyositis 多発筋炎：普通は皮疹と関節痛が出現。CKが上昇。筋生検が診断に有用
- 筋 myopathy ミオパチー：甲状腺中毒性ミオパチー、甲状腺機能低下症によるミオパチー、クッシング症候群によるミオパチー、アルコール性のミオパチー
- 神経筋接合部？ non-metastatic associations of malignancy (paraneoplastic syndrome(傍腫瘍性症候群 = 腫瘍随伴症候群)のこと)：胸腺腫の症例の10%に重症筋無力症がみられる。ランバート・イートン筋無力症症候群は小細胞癌と関連がある。
- HIM.2674
- Treatment with penicillamine (used for scleroderma or rheumatoid arthritis) may result in true autoimmune MG, but the weakness is usually mild, and recovery occurs within weeks or months after discontinuing its use.
- 重症筋無力症の誘発：ペニシラミン(強皮症や関節リウマチの治療に用いられる)。
- mildだし、薬剤の中断で改善する。
- Aminoglycoside antibiotics or procainamide can cause exacerbation of weakness in myasthenic patients; very large doses can cause neuromuscular weakness in normal individuals.
- 重症筋無力症の悪化：アミドグリコシド系抗菌薬、プロカインアミド
- MGの患者の筋脱力が悪化する。
- 神経筋接合部 Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome ランバート・イートン筋無力症症候群：全身の筋肉が冒されるが、特に下肢の近位筋が冒される。MGと同じように～70%の患者で脳神経所見(眼瞼下垂、複視など)が認められる。MGと違うのは(1)反射が消失・減弱すること、(2)自律神経系の変化(口渇、勃起不全)を生じる、(3)神経刺激検査で漸増(waxing)が見られることである。病因は神経筋接合部のP/Q type calcium channelsに対する抗体の出現であり、85%の患者で見いだされる。治療はMGのように血漿交換や免疫抑制薬が使われる。3,4-DAPやpyridostigmineは症状に対する治療のために用いる。前者は運動神経の終末部でカルシウムチャネルをブロックし活動電位を延長させる。後者はアセチルコリンエステラーゼを阻害してシナプスにおける神経伝達物質の濃度を上げる。
- 精神疾患 neurasthenia 神経衰弱症：歴史的な用語。器質的な障害を伴わない筋無力症のような脱力を伴う症候群。患者は筋脱力や疲労を訴えてやってくる。筋肉の検査では器質的変化は認めないが"jerky release"あるいは"give-away weakness"が認められる。患者の主訴は反復動作による筋力低下よりむしろ疲労や感情鈍麻である。
- 内分泌疾患 hyperthyroidism 甲状腺機能亢進症：MGが疑われる患者にはthyroid function testをルーチンにやる。甲状腺機能異常は筋無力症の筋力低下を大きくすることがある。
- 神経筋接合部 botulism ボツリヌス症：ボツリヌス毒素はシナプス前膜からの神経伝達物質の開口分泌を妨げる。症状はbulbar weakness (複視、構音障害、嚥下困難)。感覚障害はない。深部腱反射は初期には保たれている。進行すれば反射は見られなくなる。筋脱力は全身性。呼吸困難に陥ることがある。精神状態は正常。自律神経症状(麻痺性イレウス、便秘、urinary retention、瞳孔の散大、瞳孔の反応性低下、口渇)。確定診断は血清中の毒素の検出だけど、見つかることはまれ。神経伝導検査(nerve conduction studies)：compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs)の低下。高頻度の刺激で振幅が増加。治療：intubation for airway protection、呼吸補助、aggressive inpatient supportive care(e.g., nutrition, DVT prophylaxis)。馬の抗毒素を検査結果が帰ってくる前に投与する(？)。
- 上位運動ニューロン intracranial mass lesions 頭蓋内占拠病変：複視はintracranial mass lesionが外眼筋の神経を圧迫することにより生じる。
- 筋 progressive external ophthalmoplegia 進行性外眼筋麻痺：外眼筋の筋脱力を伴う。四肢の近位筋の筋力低下やそのほかの全身症状を伴うことがある。ミトコンドリアの異常を有する。
- ■参考文献
- HIM = Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 17th Edition
- CASES = 100 Cases in Clinical Medicine Second edition
- IMD = 内科診断学第2版
「turn」
- n.
- v.
- 回転する、なる
- 関
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「come」
- v.
- 関
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「go」
- v.
「get」