(p.)sank (pp.)sunk)

vt.

沈み込む

n.

シンク、吸い込み口、洗面台

WordNet

cause to sink; "The Japanese sank American ships in Pearl Harbor"
(technology) a process that acts to absorb or remove energy or a substance from a system; "the ocean is a sink for carbon dioxide"
plumbing fixture consisting of a water basin fixed to a wall or floor and having a drainpipe
fall or descend to a lower place or level; "He sank to his knees" (同)drop, drop down
pass into a specified state or condition; "He sank into nirvana" (同)pass, lapse
go under, "The raft sank and its occupants drowned" (同)settle, go_down, go under
descend into or as if into some soft substance or place; "He sank into bed"; "She subsided into the chair" (同)subside
the capital and largest city of Finland; located in southern Finland; a major port and commercial and cultural center (同)Helsingfors, capital of Finland, Finnish capital
a metal conductor specially designed to conduct (and radiate) heat
a sink in a kitchen
commit a sin; violate a law of God or a moral law (同)transgress, trespass
violent and excited activity; "they began to fight like sin" (同)hell
estrangement from god (同)sinfulness, wickedness
an act that is regarded by theologians as a transgression of Gods will (同)sinning
the 21st letter of the Hebrew alphabet
a feeling caused by uneasiness or apprehension; "with a sinking heart"; "a sinking feeling in the pit of my stomach" (同)sinking_feeling
a descent as through liquid (especially through water); "they still talk about the sinking of the Titanic"
a slow fall or decline (as for lack of strength); "after several hours of sinking an unexpected rally rescued the market"; "he could not control the sinking of his legs"

PrepTutorEJDIC

(水平面下に)〈船・太陽などが〉『沈む』・(…に)『下降する』,落ちる《+『into』(『to』)+『名』》・『量』(『勢い』,『程度など』)『が減る』,弱まる,下がる・〈健康・士気・名声・地位などが〉悪化する,衰える,下がる・(…の状態に)次第に落ち込む,陥る《+『in』(『into』)+『名』(do『ing』)》・(…に)深く入る,しみ込む《+『in』(『into』)+『名』》・〈船など〉‘を'『沈める』・…‘の'水平面の高さを下げる,‘を'低くする・(…まで)…‘の'『量(勢い,程度)を減らす』,‘を'弱める《+『名』+『to』+『名』》・〈井戸・穴など〉‘を'掘る・(…に)…‘を'沈み込ませる《+『名』+『in』(『into』)+『名』》・(…に)〈資本・労力など〉‘を'投ずる《+『名』+『in』(『into』)+『名』》 / …‘を'隠す;…‘を'無視する・《話》《しばしば受動態で》…‘を'だめにする,滅ぼす;失う・(バスケットボールで)〈球〉‘を'バスケットに入れる・(ゴルフで)〈球〉‘を'ホールに入れる・(台所・洗濯場・洗面所などの)『流し』・《米》洗面器(washbasin, washbowl) ・下水溝,下水だめ
sink の過去分詞
sinkの過去
sink の過去分詞 / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》水(地)面の下に沈んだ / (目などが)くぼんだ / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》(部屋・庭などが)一段低い所にある
ヘルシンキ(フィンランド共和国の首都)
〈U〉(宗教・道徳上の)『罪』 / 〈C〉(宗教・道徳上の)『罪の行為』,罪悪 / 〈C〉《特におどけて》違反(過失)の行為 / (宗教・道徳上の)おきてを破る,罪を犯す / (…に)違反(過失)をする,背く《+『against』+『名』》
sine
沈没,陥没;くぼ地 / 衰弱,意気消沈
=ti

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/02/21 11:23:43」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

This article is about a sanitary fitting for washing one's hands, or for washing dishes. For other uses, see Sink (disambiguation).

A typical sink/basin in a bathroom

An old Butler's (Belfast) sink in a kitchen

A sink (also sinker, hand basin and wash basin) is a bowl-shaped plumbing fixture used for washing hands, for dishwashing or other purposes. Sinks generally have taps (faucets) that supply hot and cold water and may include a spray feature to be used for faster rinsing. They also include a drain to remove used water; this drain may itself include a strainer and/or shut-off device and an overflow-prevention device. Sinks may also have an integrated soap dispenser.

When a sink becomes stopped-up or clogged, a person will often resort to use a chemical drain cleaner or a plunger, though most professional plumbers will attack the clog with a drain auger (often called a "plumber's snake").

Materials of the sink

Sinks are made of many different materials. These include:

Stainless steel
Enamel over steel or cast iron
Ceramic
Marble
Plastic
Soapstone
Concrete
Terrazzo
Wood
Stone
Copper
Glass
Granite

Stainless steel is commonly used in kitchens and commercial applications because it represents a good trade-off between cost, usability, durability, and ease of cleaning. Most stainless steel sinks are made by drawing a sheet of stainless steel over a die. Some very deep sinks are fabricated by welding. Stainless steel sinks will not be damaged by hot or cold objects and resist damage from impacts. One disadvantage of stainless steel is that, being made of thin metal, they tend to be noisier than most other sink materials, although better sinks apply a heavy coating of vibration-damping material to the underside of the sink.

Enamel over cast iron is a popular material for kitchen and bathroom sinks. Heavy and durable, these sinks can also be manufactured in a very wide range of shapes and colors. Like stainless steel, they are very resistant to hot or cold objects, but they can be damaged by sharp impacts and once the glass surface is breached, the underlying cast iron will often corrode, spalling off more of the glass. Aggressive cleaning will dull the surface, leading to more dirt accumulation. Enamel over steel is a similar-appearing but far less rugged and less cost-effective alternative.

Solid ceramic sinks have many of the same characteristics as enamel over cast iron, but without the risk of surface damage leading to corrosion.

Plastic sinks come in several basic forms:

Inexpensive sinks are simply injection-molded thermoplastics. These are often deep, free-standing sinks used in laundry rooms. Subject to damage by hot or sharp objects, the principal virtue of these sinks is their low cost.

High-end acrylic drop-in (lowered into the countertop) and undermount (attached from the bottom) sinks are becoming more popular, although they tend to be easily damaged by hard objects - like scouring a cast iron frying pan in the sink.

Plastic sinks may also be made from the same materials used to form "solid surface" countertops. These sinks are durable, attractive, and can often be molded with an integrated countertop or joined to a separate countertop in a seamless fashion, leading to no sink-to-countertop joint or a very smooth sink-to-countertop joint that can not trap dirt or germs. These sinks are subject to damage by hot objects but damaged areas can sometimes be sanded-down to expose undamaged material.

Soapstone sinks were once common, but today tend to be used only in very-high-end applications or applications that must resist caustic chemicals that would damage more-conventional sinks.

Wood sinks are from the early days of sinks and baths were made from natural teak with no additional finishing. Teak is chosen because of its natural waterproofing properties – it has been used for hundreds of years in the marine industry for this reason. Teak also has natural antiseptic properties, which is a bonus for its use in baths and sinks.

Glass sinks: A current trend in bathroom design is the handmade glass sink (often referred to as a vessel sink) which has become fashionable for wealthy homeowners.

Stone sinks have been used for ages. Some of the more popular stones used are: marble, travertine, onyx, granite.

Glass, concrete, and terrazzo sinks are usually designed for their aesthetic appeal and can be obtained in a wide variety of unusual shapes and colors such as floral shapes. Concrete and terrazzo are occasionally also used in very-heavy-duty applications such as janitorial sinks.

Styles

Bathroom stainless steel vessel sink standing on a wood surface. Brazilian creative design.

Sinks are available in many colors

Self-rimming (top-mount) sinks sit in appropriately shaped holes roughly cut in the countertop (or substrate material) using a jigsaw or other cutter appropriate to the material at hand and are suspended by their rim. The rim then inherently forms a fairly close seal with the top surface of the countertop, especially when the sink is clamped into the hole from below.

Bottom-mount or under-mount sinks are installed below the countertop surface. The edge of the countertop material is exposed at the hole created for the sink (and so must be a carefully finished edge rather than a rough cut). The sink is then clamped to the bottom of the material from below. Especially for bottom-mount sinks, silicone-based sealants are usually used to assure a waterproof joint between the sink and the countertop material. The advantage of an undermount sink is that it gives a contemporary look to the kitchen but the disadvantages are extra cost in both the sink and the counter top. Also, no matter how carefully the cut out is made, the result is either a small ledge or overhang at the interface with the sink. This can create an environment for catching dirt and allowing germs to grow.

Solid-surface plastic materials allow sinks to be made of the same plastic material as the countertop. These sinks can then easily be glued to the underside of the countertop material and the joint sanded flat, creating the usual invisible joint and completely eliminating any dirt-catching seam between the sink and the countertop. In a similar fashion, for stainless steel, a sink may be welded into the countertop; the joint is then ground to create a finished, concealed appearance.

A butler's sink is a rectangular ceramic sink with a rounded rim which is set into a work surface.^[1] There are generally two kinds of butler's sinks: The London sink and the Belfast sink.^[1] In 2006, both types of sinks usually were 61 centimetres (24 in) across and 46 centimetres (18 in) front-to-back, with a depth of 22.5 centimetres (8.9 in).^[2] London sinks were originally shallower than Belfast sinks.^[1] (One plumbing guide in 1921 suggested that the Belfast sink was 38 centimetres (15 in) deep.)^[3] This was primarily because London had less access to fresh water (and thus a greater need to conserve water).^[4] But that difference usually does not exist in the modern era, and both sinks are now shallow.^[1] The primary difference both in the past and today between a Belfast and London sink is that the Belfast sink is fitted with an overflow weir which prevented water from spilling over the sink's edge by draining it away and down into the wastewater plumbing.^[5]

A farmer's sink is a deep sink that has a finished front. Set onto a countertop, the finished front of the sink remains exposed. This style of sink requires very little "reach-over" to access the sink.

A vessel sink is a free-standing sink, generally finished and decorated on all sides, that sits directly on the surface of the furniture on which it is mounted. These sinks have become increasingly popular with bathroom designers because of the large range of materials, styles and finishes which they can show to good advantage.

Ceramic basin construction

Pottery is made by a blend of clays, fillers and fluxes being fused together during the firing process. There are high fire clays and glazes which are heated to over 1200 °C (2200 °F) and are extremely resistant to fading, staining, burning, scratching and acid attack. Low fire clays, fired below 1200 °C, most often used by large commercial manufacturers and third world producers, while durable, are susceptible to scratching and wear over time. The clay body is first bisqued to about 1000 °C (1900 °F). In the second firing a white or coloured glaze is applied and is melted by heat which chemically and physically fuses the glass (glaze) to the clay body during the same firing process. Due to the firing process and natural clays used, it is normal for the product to vary in size and shape, and +/- 5mm is normal.

Accessories

Some public restrooms feature "automatic sinks", which use a motion-sensing valve to detect the user's hands moving beneath the tap. They then turn the water on.

Sinks, especially those made of stainless steel, can be fitted with an integrated drainboard, allowing for the draining of washed dishes.

Gallery

There are many different shapes and sizes of sinks.

Sinks in a public toilet, Edinburgh, Scotland
Woman washing at a water basin (louterion). Side B from an Ancient Greek Boeotian red-figure bell-krater, 450–425 BC. From Boeotia.
White glass basins
A number of people can use this sink at the same time.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Blower, 2006, p. 232.
^ Blower, 2006, p. 232-233.
^ Fletcher, 1921, p. 96.
^ Claridge, Sara. "Know Your Butler From Your Belfast." Period Home and Garden. 27 April 2007.
^ Blower, 2006, p. 233.

Bibliography

Blower, G.J. Plumbing Mechanical Services. 5th ed. Edinburgh Gate, Essex, UK: Pearson Education Limited, 2006.
Fletcher, Banister Flight, Sir. Architectural Hygiene. London: Sir I. Pitman & Sons, 1921.

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