WordNet

wind instrument whose sound is produced by means of pipes arranged in sets supplied with air from a bellows and controlled from a large complex musical keyboard (同)pipe_organ
a fully differentiated structural and functional unit in an animal that is specialized for some particular function
a government agency or instrument devoted to the performance of some specific function; "The Census Bureau is an organ of the Commerce Department"
a periodical that is published by a special interest group; "the organ of the communist party"

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『オルガン』,パイプオルガン(pipe organ),リードオルガン(reed organ),電子オルガン(electronic organ),手回しオルガン(barrel organ) / (動植物の)『器官』 / (政党・会社などの)機関誌,機関紙 / 《しばしば複数形で》(行動・実施などの)組織,機関

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/08/14 12:20:52」(JST)

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1. 臓器提供の候補となる小児患者（ポテンシャルドナー）の評価 assessment of the pediatric patient for potential organ donation
2. 腎臓移植における臓器共有（organ sharing） organ sharing in kidney transplantation
3. 女性における骨盤臓器脱：疫学、危険因子、臨床症状、およびマネージメントの概要 pelvic organ prolapse in women an overview of the epidemiology risk factors clinical manifestations and management
4. 女性の骨盤臓器脱：診断的評価 pelvic organ prolapse in women diagnostic evaluation
5. 女性の骨盤臓器脱：先端脱（子宮脱または膣円蓋脱）の外科的修復 pelvic organ prolapse in women surgical repair of apical prolapse uterine or vaginal vault prolapse

English Journal

Tonsillectomy as a treatment for psoriasis: a review.

Wu W1, Debbaneh M, Moslehi H, Koo J, Liao W.Author information 1Department of Dermatology, Psoriasis and Skin Treatment Center, University of California, San Francisco Medical Center , San Francisco, CA , USA .AbstractPsoriasis is a chronic skin disorder that affects 1% to 3% of the general population worldwide. Streptococcal infection, especially streptococcal pharyngitis, has been shown to be a significant trigger of psoriasis in some patients, possibly by sensitizing T cells to keratin epitopes in the skin. Due to the role of the palatine tonsils as an immunological organ that may generate autoreactive T cells, tonsillectomy has been investigated as a treatment for psoriasis. Tonsillectomy originally gained acceptance in Japan as a treatment for palmoplantar pustulosis, a condition that shares features with pustular psoriasis. Subsequently, tonsillectomy has been used for the treatment of plaque psoriasis and guttate psoriasis. Recently, the first randomized, controlled clinical trial of tonsillectomy was performed. Here, we review the available evidence for the benefit of tonsillectomy as a treatment for palmoplantar pustulosis and psoriasis. We also discuss molecular studies aimed at understanding the role of tonsils in skin disease.
The Journal of dermatological treatment.J Dermatolog Treat.2014 Dec;25(6):482-6. doi: 10.3109/09546634.2013.848258. Epub 2013 Nov 27.
Psoriasis is a chronic skin disorder that affects 1% to 3% of the general population worldwide. Streptococcal infection, especially streptococcal pharyngitis, has been shown to be a significant trigger of psoriasis in some patients, possibly by sensitizing T cells to keratin epitopes in the skin. Du
PMID 24283892

Oral, short-term exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles in Sprague-Dawley rat: focus on reproductive and endocrine systems and spleen.

Tassinari R1, Cubadda F, Moracci G, Aureli F, D'Amato M, Valeri M, De Berardis B, Raggi A, Mantovani A, Passeri D, Rossi M, Maranghi F.Author information 1Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy.AbstractThe study explored possible reproductive and endocrine effects of short-term (5 days) oral exposure to anatase TiO2 nanoparticles (0, 1, 2 mg/kg body weight per day) in rat. Nanoparticles were characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy, and their presence in spleen, a target organ for bioaccumulation, was investigated by single-particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and SEM/energy-dispersive X-ray. Analyses included serum hormone levels (testosterone, 17-β-estradiol and triiodothyronine) and histopathology of thyroid, adrenals, ovary, uterus, testis and spleen. Increased total Ti tissue levels were found in spleen and ovaries. Sex-related histological alterations were observed at both dose levels in thyroid, adrenal medulla, adrenal cortex (females) and ovarian granulosa, without general toxicity. Altered thyroid function was indicated by reduced T3 (males). Testosterone levels increased in high-dose males and decreased in females. In the spleen of treated animals TiO2 aggregates and increased white pulp (high-dose females) were detected, even though Ti tissue levels remained low reflecting the low doses and the short exposure time. Our findings prompt to comprehensively assess endocrine and reproductive effects in the safety evaluation of nanomaterials.
Nanotoxicology.Nanotoxicology.2014 Sep;8(6):654-62. doi: 10.3109/17435390.2013.822114. Epub 2013 Jul 25.
The study explored possible reproductive and endocrine effects of short-term (5 days) oral exposure to anatase TiO2 nanoparticles (0, 1, 2 mg/kg body weight per day) in rat. Nanoparticles were characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy, and their presenc
PMID 23834344

Optimizing outcome in SLE: treating-to-target and definition of treatment goals.

Doria A1, Gatto M2, Zen M2, Iaccarino L2, Punzi L2.Author information 1Division of Rheumatology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy. Electronic address: adoria@unipd.it.2Division of Rheumatology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.AbstractPatients affected with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) display poor-long term prognosis and increased mortality in respect of general population. This may be due to continuous organ damage accrual which is fostered both by persistent disease activity (mainly in the short term) and prolonged corticosteroid exposure (mainly in the long term). The effort of defining novel therapeutic goals to which patients should be treated in order to have their prognosis improved is named treat-to-target. Remission in SLE was shown to be associated with better outcome and prolonged survival; in clinical practice, patients may experience either complete or clinical remission, which are defined as complete clinical/serological healing or no clinical signs of lupus with active serology, respectively. The main treat-to-target in SLE is complete remission, however since longitudinal observations suggest that clinical remission or low disease activity even with minimal corticosteroid intake do improve patients prognosis and survival as well, they may be assumed as acceptable alternative targets. Suitable therapeutic strategies have to be defined in order for these goals to be achieved including early diagnosis, effective treatment and proper corticosteroid tapering which in turn require development of more reliable serum biomarkers for early disease detection and less toxic targeted therapies with a steroid-sparing potential.
Autoimmunity reviews.Autoimmun Rev.2014 Jul;13(7):770-777. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2014.01.055. Epub 2014 Jan 27.
Patients affected with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) display poor-long term prognosis and increased mortality in respect of general population. This may be due to continuous organ damage accrual which is fostered both by persistent disease activity (mainly in the short term) and prolonged corti
PMID 24480071

Biotherapies in Behçet's disease.

Comarmond C1, Wechsler B1, Bodaghi B2, Cacoub P1, Saadoun D3.Author information 1Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpétrière, Service de Médecine Interne et d'Immunologie clinique, Centre de référence des maladies autoimmunes rares, DHU I2B, Immunopathology, Inflammation and Biotherapy, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC)-Paris VI, Paris, France.2Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpétrière, Service d'Ophtalmologie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC)-Paris VI, Paris, France.3Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpétrière, Service de Médecine Interne et d'Immunologie clinique, Centre de référence des maladies autoimmunes rares, DHU I2B, Immunopathology, Inflammation and Biotherapy, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC)-Paris VI, Paris, France. Electronic address: david.saadoun@psl.aphp.fr.AbstractBehçet's disease (BD) is a systemic large-vessel vasculitis characterized by a wide clinical spectrum including recurrent oral and genital ulcerations, uveitis, vascular, neurological, articular, renal and gastrointestinal manifestations. Therapeutic management of BD depends on the clinical presentation and organ involved. Although colchicine, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents and topical treatments with corticosteroids are often sufficient for mucocutaneous and joint involvements, more aggressive approach with immunosuppressive agents is warranted for severe manifestations such as posterior uveitis, retinal vasculitis, vascular, and neurological and gastrointestinal involvements. However, some patients still have refractory disease, relapse, sight threatening eye disease, or irreversible organ damage. Recent improvements in the understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms have led to the identification of potential targets and future biological therapies for BD. In contrast to current non-specific immunosuppressive agents, the emergence of biotherapies provides the possibility of interfering with specific pathogenic pathways. Novel targeted biotherapies might be used in the future for BD.
Autoimmunity reviews.Autoimmun Rev.2014 Jul;13(7):762-769. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2014.01.056. Epub 2014 Jan 26.
Behçet's disease (BD) is a systemic large-vessel vasculitis characterized by a wide clinical spectrum including recurrent oral and genital ulcerations, uveitis, vascular, neurological, articular, renal and gastrointestinal manifestations. Therapeutic management of BD depends on the clinical present
PMID 24473176

Japanese Journal

Cancer risk at low doses of ionizing radiation: artificial neural networks inference from atomic bomb survivors.

Sasaki Masao S,Tachibana Akira,Takeda Shunichi
Journal of radiation research 55(3), 391-406, 2014-05-01
… The analysis revealed unique features at low doses that could not be accounted for by nominal exposure dose, including (i) the presence of a threshold that varied with organ, gender and age at exposure, and (ii) a small but significant bumping increase in cancer risk at low doses in Nagasaki that probably reflects internal exposure to (239)Pu. …
NAID 120005439546

痔瘻術後劇症型Ａ群溶血性連鎖球菌感染症を発症した１例

村田将人,萩原周一,青木誠,金子稔,神戸将彦,大嶋清宏,Murata Masato,Hagiwara Shuichi,Aoki Makoto,Kaneko Minoru,Kanbe Masahiko,Oshima Kiyohiro
The Kitakanto medical journal = 北関東医学 64(2), 171-175, 2014-05-01
… Laboratory data performed on arrival showed disseminated intravascular coagulation and multiple organ failure caused by septic shock. …
NAID 120005429871

男性副乳癌の１例

長岡弘,髙橋泰,杉谷一宏,中神克尚,金准之,吉田裕,大木宇希,遠藤敬一,釜津田雅樹,下方直美,髙橋こずえ,大田泰徳,Nagaoka Hiroshi,Takahashi Tooru,Sugitani Kazuhiro,Nakagami Katunao,Kim Yuji,Yoshida Yutaka,Ooki Uki,Endo Keiichi,Kamatsuda Masaki,Shimokata Naomi,Takahashi Kozue,Oota Yasunori
The Kitakanto medical journal = 北関東医学 64(2), 165-170, 2014-05-01
… CT,MRI and FDG-PET/CT examinations showed neither tumors in any other organ nor apparent lymph node swelling in the right axillary area. …
NAID 120005429870

移植におけるHLA抗体検査 (今月の特集最新の輸血検査)

山本賢
臨床検査 58(5), 567-573, 2014-05
NAID 40020076113

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