WordNet

(of spores or microorganisms) capable of movement
one whose prevailing mental imagery takes the form of inner feelings of action
of or relating to locomotion (同)locomotor
a wheeled vehicle consisting of a self-propelled engine that is used to draw trains along railway tracks (同)engine, locomotive engine, railway locomotive
ability to move spontaneously and independently
(of spores or microorganisms) not capable of movement (同)immotile

PrepTutorEJDIC

(生物が)運動性がある
『機関車』 / 運動の,移動する,移動力のある
(生物が)動けない,自動力のない

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/11/06 23:14:48」(JST)

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For the Steve Kuhn album, see Motility (album).

"Motile" redirects here. For the independent British record label, see Motile (record label).

Motility is a biological term which refers to the ability to move spontaneously and actively, consuming energy in the process. Most animals are motile but the term applies to unicellular and simple multicellular organisms, as well as to some mechanisms of fluid flow in multicellular organs, in addition to animal locomotion. Motile marine animals are commonly called free-swimming.

The opposite of motility is sessility.

Motility may also refer to an organism's ability to move food through its digestive tract, i.e., peristaltics (gut motility, intestinal motility, etc.).^[1]

Cellular-level motility

At the cellular level, different modes of motility exist:

flagellar motility, a swimming-like motion (observed for example in spermatozoa, propelled by the regular beat of their flagellum, or E. coli, which swims by rotating a helical prokaryotic flagellum)
amoeboid movement, a crawling-like movement, which also makes swimming possible^[2] ^[3]
gliding motility

Many cells are not motile, for example Yersinia pestis at 37 °C, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Shigella.^{[citation needed]}

Movements

Movements^{[clarification needed]} can be:

along a chemical gradient (see chemotaxis)
along a temperature gradient (see thermotaxis)
along a light gradient (see phototaxis)
along a magnetic field line (see magnetotaxis)
along an electric field (see galvanotaxis)
along the direction of the gravitational force (see gravitaxis)
along a rigidity gradient (see durotaxis)
along a gradient of cell adhesion sites (see haptotaxis)
along other cells or biopolymers

References

^ http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/179937-overview
^ Van Haastert, Peter J. M.; Hotchin, Neil A. (8 November 2011). "Amoeboid Cells Use Protrusions for Walking, Gliding and Swimming". PLoS ONE 6 (11): e27532. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0027532.
^ Bae, A. J.; Bodenschatz, E. (4 October 2010). "On the swimming of Dictyostelium amoebae". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107 (44): E165–E166. doi:10.1073/pnas.1011900107.

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1. 処置済み精液を用いた子宮内授精（IUI）のための手順 procedure for intrauterine insemination iui using processed sperm
2. 男性避妊のための精管切除およびその他の精管閉鎖法 vasectomy and other vasal occlusion techniques for male contraception
3. トリコモナス trichomoniasis
4. エルシニア感染の微生物学および病因 microbiology and pathogenesis of yersinia infections
5. 赤血球細胞の力学 red blood cell mechanics

English Journal

Selection of normal spermatozoa with a vacuole-free head (x6300) improves selection of spermatozoa with intact DNA in patients with high sperm DNA fragmentation rates.

Hammoud I, Boitrelle F, Ferfouri F, Vialard F, Bergere M, Wainer B, Bailly M, Albert M, Selva J.SourceDepartment of Reproductive Biology, Cytogenetics and Gynecology, Hospital of Poissy, Poissy, France; University of Medicine and Science, Versailles-Saint-Quentin-En-Yvelines, France.
Andrologia.Andrologia.2013 Jun;45(3):163-70. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2012.01328.x. Epub 2012 Jun 26.
Intracytoplasmic morphologically selected sperm injection (IMSI, 6300× magnification with Nomarski contrast) of a normal spermatozoon with a vacuole-free head could improve the embryo's ability to grow to the blastocyst stage and then implant. However, the most relevant indications for IMSI remain
PMID 22731614

Prenatal stress affects network properties of rat hippocampal neurons.

Grigoryan G, Segal M.SourceDepartment of Neurobiology, The Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel.
Biological psychiatry.Biol Psychiatry.2013 Jun 1;73(11):1095-102. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.02.003. Epub 2013 Mar 26.
BACKGROUND: Long-term effects of stress during pregnancy on brain and behavior have been analyzed extensively in recent years. One major problem with these studies is the inability to separate between the net effects of the prenatal stress (PS) and the effects of the stressed mother and siblings on
PMID 23541001

Cryobiology of cephalopod (Illex coindetii) spermatophores.

Robles V, Martínez-Pastor F, Petroni G, Riesco MF, Bozzano A, Villanueva R.SourceDepartment of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of León, 24071 Leon, Spain; INDEGSAL, University of León, 24071 Leon, Spain. Electronic address: v.robles@unileon.es.
Cryobiology.Cryobiology.2013 Jun;66(3):288-94. doi: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2013.03.005. Epub 2013 Mar 21.
Cephalopod culture is expected to increase in the near future and sperm cryopreservation would be a valuable tool to guarantee sperm availability throughout the year and to improve artificial insemination programs. We have studied the tolerance of spermatophores from the oceanic squid Illex coindeti
PMID 23523625

Rhizobium halotolerans sp. nov., Isolated from Chloroethylenes Contaminated Soil.

Diange EA, Lee SS.SourceDivision of Natural Science, Department of Bio-engineering, Kyonggi University, 94-6 Iui-dong Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 433-760, Republic of Korea.
Current microbiology.Curr Microbiol.2013 Jun;66(6):599-605. doi: 10.1007/s00284-013-0313-x. Epub 2013 Feb 3.
The strain designated as AB21(T) was isolated from chloroethylenes contaminated soil. Cells are gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, and motile rods. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that it belonged to the genus Rhizobium, and was closely related to Rhizobium sulla
PMID 23377488