gain

• n.

• 獲得、増加、利益、ゲイン

• v.

• 得る、増す、獲得する

関

acquire、acquisition、benefit、elevate、get、increase、increment、interest、multiply、obtain、procure、procurement、profit、rise、up-regulation、upregulation、yield

　 　 　 　 　 　

WordNet

1. earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages; "How much do you make a month in your new job?"; "She earns a lot in her new job"; "this merger brought in lots of money"; "He clears $5,000 each month" (同)take_in, clear, make, earn, realize, realise, pull_in, bring_in
2. increase or develop; "the peace movement gained momentum"; "the car gathers speed" (同)gather
3. increase (ones body weight); "She gained 20 pounds when she stopped exercising" (同)put_on
4. the amount by which the revenue of a business exceeds its cost of operating
5. obtain advantages, such as points, etc.; "The home team was gaining ground"; "After defeating the Knicks, the Blazers pulled ahead of the Lakers in the battle for the number-one playoff berth in the Western Conference" (同)advance, win, pull ahead, make headway, get ahead, gain ground
6. reach by calculation; "What do you get when you add up these numbers?"
7. cause to move; cause to be in a certain position or condition; "He got his squad on the ball"; "This let me in for a big surprise"; "He got a girl into trouble" (同)let, have
8. a return on a shot that seemed impossible to reach and would normally have resulted in a point for the opponent
9. come into the possession of something concrete or abstract; "She got a lot of paintings from her uncle"; "They acquired a new pet"; "Get your results the next day"; "Get permission to take a few days off from work" (同)acquire
10. reach with a blow or hit in a particular spot; "the rock caught her in the back of the head"; "The blow got him in the back"; "The punch caught him in the stomach" (同)catch
11. succeed in catching or seizing, especially after a chase; "We finally got the suspect"; "Did you catch the thief?" (同)catch, capture
12. irritate; "Her childish behavior really get to me"; "His lying really gets me" (同)get under one''s skin
13. receive as a retribution or punishment; "He got 5 years in prison" (同)receive
14. acquire as a result of some effort or action; "You cannot get water out of a stone"; "Where did she get these news?"
15. communicate with a place or person; establish communication with, as if by telephone; "Bill called this number and he got Mary"; "The operator couldnt get Kobe because of the earthquake"
16. evoke an emotional response; "Brahmss `Requiem gets me every time"
17. overcome or destroy; "The ice storm got my hibiscus"; "the cat got the goldfish"
18. purchase; "What did you get at the toy store?"
19. reach and board; "She got the bus just as it was leaving"
20. exert oneself to meet a challenge; "rise to a challenge"; "rise to the occasion"
21. increase in value or to a higher point; "prices climbed steeply"; "the value of our house rose sharply last year" (同)go_up, climb
22. rise in rank or status; "Her new novel jumped high on the bestseller list" (同)jump, climb up
23. the act of changing location in an upward direction (同)ascent, ascension, ascending
24. an increase in cost; "they asked for a 10% rise in rates" (同)boost, hike, cost increase
25. a movement upward; "they cheered the rise of the hot-air balloon" (同)rising, ascent, ascension
26. a growth in strength or number or importance
27. come up, of celestial bodies; "The sun also rises"; "The sun uprising sees the dusk night fled..."; "Jupiter ascends" (同)come_up, uprise, ascend
28. move upward; "The fog lifted"; "The smoke arose from the forest fire"; "The mist uprose from the meadows" (同)lift, arise, move up, go_up, come_up, uprise
29. rise up; "The building rose before them" (同)lift, rear
30. increase in volume; "the dough rose slowly in the warm room" (同)prove
31. become heartened or elated; "Her spirits rose when she heard the good news"
32. excite the curiosity of; engage the interest of
33. (law) a right or legal share of something; a financial involvement with something; "they have interests all over the world"; "a stake in the companys future" (同)stake
34. a fixed charge for borrowing money; usually a percentage of the amount borrowed; "how much interest do you pay on your mortgage?"
35. (usually plural) a social group whose members control some field of activity and who have common aims; "the iron interests stepped up production" (同)interest_group
36. the power of attracting or holding ones attention (because it is unusual or exciting etc.); "they said nothing of great interest"; "primary colors can add interest to a room" (同)interestingness
37. a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something; "an interest in music" (同)involvement
38. cease opposition; stop fighting
39. an amount of a product (同)fruit
40. consent reluctantly (同)give in, succumb, knuckle under, buckle under
41. be the cause or source of; "He gave me a lot of trouble"; "Our meeting afforded much interesting information" (同)give, afford
42. bring in; "interest-bearing accounts"; "How much does this savings certificate pay annually?" (同)pay, bear
43. give in, as to influence or pressure (同)relent, soften
44. a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important; "the increase in unemployment"; "the growth of population" (同)increment, growth
45. become bigger or greater in amount; "The amount of work increased"
46. make bigger or more; "The boss finally increased her salary"; "The university increased the number of students it admitted"
47. the amount by which something increases; "they proposed an increase of 15 percent in the fare" (同)increment
48. the act of increasing something; "he gave me an increase in salary" (同)step-up
49. a change resulting in an increase; "the increase is scheduled for next month"
50. anew; "she tried again"; "they rehearsed the scene again" (同)once again, once more, over again
51. a dive in which the diver throws the feet forward to complete a full backward somersault and enters the water feet first and facing away from the diving board (同)full gainer
52. a person who gains weight (同)weight gainer
53. a person who gains (gains an advantage or gains profits); "she was clearly the gainer in that exchange"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. (努力して)…‘を'『得る』,手に入れる / …‘を'『増す』 / 〈競争など〉‘に'勝つ;〈賞など〉‘を'勝ち取る / 《文》(特に努力をして)〈目指す場所〉‘に'到達する;〈目的など〉‘を'達成する / 得をする / (…において)進歩する,よくなる,向上する;(体重・身長・能力など)増す《+in+名》 / 〈時計が〉進む / 〈C〉(…に)加えたもの《+『to』+『名』》;(…において)増加したもの《+『in』+『名』》 / 《複数形で》『利益』(profits);賞金 / 〈U〉利益を得ること,獲得
2. …‘を'『受け取る』,もらう(受動態にできない) / …‘を'『手に入れる』,得る(受動態にできない) / …‘を'『取ってくる』,持ってくる / 〈人〉‘に'『させる』,『してもらう』 / …‘を'『する』 / 《目的語の名詞の意味を受けて》…『する』,『される』 / 〈病気〉‘に'かかる(受動態にできない) / …‘を'捕らえる,捕まえる / …‘を'覚える,知る / …‘を'聞く,聞き取る(hear);《話》…‘を'理解する,了解する,分かる / 〈放送局〉‘を'キャッチする;…‘と'連絡がつく / 〈食事〉‘の'準備をする,したくする / 《話》《『have got』+『名』》…‘を'持っている(have) / 《話》《『have got to』 do》…しなくてはならない / 〈人〉‘を'やっつける,参らせる / 《副詞[句]を伴って》(ある場所に)『着く』,達する;(ある場所・方向に)動く / (ある状態に)『なる』 / 《『get』+『過分』〈補〉》(…)『される』 / 《話》《『get to』 do=『get』 do『ing』》『やっと』(…)『するようになる』,(…)しだす,し始める
3. 《文》『立ち上がる』《+『up』》 / 《文》『起床する』,起きる / (下から上へ)『上がる』,上昇する,昇る / 〈土地が〉上り[坂]になる / 〈山・建物などが〉そびえ立つ(進行形にできない) / 〈…の数量・価値・程度・力などが〉増す,増大する,増加する / 〈地位・身分などが〉(…から…へ)上がる,高くなる《+『from』+『名』+『to』+『名』》 / 〈川などが〉高さを増す,増水する / 〈パンなどが〉ふくれる / (…に)源を発する,始まる《+『from』(『in』)+『名』》(進行形にできない) / (…に)反乱を起こす,背いて立ち上がる《+『against』+『名』》 / 生き返る,よみがえる / (表面に)浮かび上がる / (…に)応じて立ち上がる,うまく対処する《+『to』+『名』》 / 〈C〉(…の)『上昇』《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉(数量・価値・程度などの)増大,増加《+『in』(『of』)+『名』》 / 〈U〉立身;繁栄 / 〈C〉(…の)上り坂,上り勾配(こうばい)《+『in』(『of』)+『名』》 / 〈C〉丘,高台 / 〈C〉(…の)起源,始まり《+『of』+『名』》 / 《英話》昇給,昇給額(《米》raise) / 〈C〉魚がえさを求めて水面に浮き上がること
4. (人・物事に対する)『興味』,『関心』《+『in』+『名』(do『ing』)》 / 〈C〉『関心事』,興味のまと / 〈U〉興味をそそる(関心を引く)力 / 〈C〉《しばしば複数形で》『利益』,ため / (利益などにあずかる)権利;所有権,利権 / 〈U〉(借金などの)『利子』 / 《しばしば複数形で》《集合的に》同業者たち,関係者たち / (…に)〈人〉‘に'『興味を持たせる』,関心を起こさらる《+『名』+『in』+『名』(do『ing』)》 / (…に)〈人〉‘を'関係させる,‘に'関心を持たせる《+『名』〈人〉+『in』+『名』(do『ing』)》
5. …‘を'『産出する』,生ずる(produce);〈利益など〉‘を'生む / (圧迫・強制などによって)(…に)…‘を'『明け渡す』,放棄する《+up+名(+名+up)+to+名》 / …‘を'譲る,与える / 〈自分〉‘の'身を任せる / 〈土地が〉『作物がてきてる』 / (…に)『屈する』,負ける,従う;(…に)応ずる,譲歩する《+to+名》 / (圧力・力などによって)動く,開く,曲がる,へこむ,壊れる《+to+名》 / 〈U〉〈C〉産出[高],収穫[高]
6. 『増える』,『増大する』 / (…に)…‘を'『増やす』《+『名』+『to』+『名』》 / (…の)『増加』,増大;〈C〉増加量(額)《+『of』(『in』,『on』)+『名』》
7. …『に対して』,に逆らって(in opposition to);…に不利に / 《保護を表す動詞と共に》…『から』 / …『にぶつかって』,に向かって / …『にもたれて』,に寄りかかって / (災難・事故・万一の場合など)『に備えて』,を避けるように / …『を背景として』,と対照して / …と交換に,と引き換えに
8. 『再び』,もう一度(once more);《否定語とともに用いて》二度と(…しない) / 『また元の所へ』,元のように / さらにそれだけ,…の倍も / 《しばしばthen, and thenに続いて》その上に(besides),さらに(furthermore) / 《しばしばand, and thenに続いて》また一方,ところが
9. 利益を得た(得る)人;勝利者
10. 〈人・人の意見など〉‘に'反ばくする,‘を'否定する

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/10/05 00:15:53」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

For other uses, see Gain (disambiguation).

In electronics, gain is a measure of the ability of a circuit (often an amplifier) to increase the power or amplitude of a signal from the input to the output. It is usually defined as the mean ratio of the signal output of a system to the signal input of the same system. It may also be defined on a logarithmic scale, in terms of the decimal logarithm of the same ratio ("dB gain"). A gain greater than one (zero dB), that is, amplification, is the defining property of an active component or circuit, while a passive circuit will have a gain of less than one.

Thus, the term gain on its own is ambiguous. For example, "a gain of five" may imply that either the voltage, current or the power is increased by a factor of five, although most often this will mean a voltage gain of five for audio and general purpose amplifiers, especially operational amplifiers, but a power gain for radio frequency amplifiers. Furthermore, the term gain is also applied in systems such as sensors where the input and output have different units; in such cases the gain units must be specified, as in "5 microvolts per photon" for the responsivity of a photosensor. The "gain" of a bipolar transistor normally refers to forward current transfer ratio, either h_FE ("Beta", the static ratio of I_c divided by I_b at some operating point), or sometimes h_fe (the small-signal current gain, the slope of the graph of I_c against I_b at a point).

The term has slightly different meanings in two other fields. In antenna design, antenna gain is the ratio of power received by a directional antenna to power received by an isotropic antenna. In laser physics, gain may refer to the increment of power along the beam propagation direction in a gain medium, and its dimension is m⁻¹ (inverse meter) or 1/meter.

Logarithmic units and decibels

Power gain

Power gain, in decibels (dB), is defined by the 10 log rule as follows:

where P_in and P_out are the input and output powers respectively.

A similar calculation can be done using a natural logarithm instead of a decimal logarithm, and without the factor of 10, resulting in nepers instead of decibels:

Voltage gain

When power gain is calculated using voltage instead of power, making the substitution (P=V ²/R), the formula is:

In many cases, the input and output impedances are equal, so the above equation can be simplified to:

and then the 20 log rule:

This simplified formula is used to calculate a voltage gain in decibels, and is equivalent to a power gain only if the impedances at input and output are equal.

Current gain

In the same way, when power gain is calculated using current instead of power, making the substitution (P = I ²R), the formula is:

In many cases, the input and output impedances are equal, so the above equation can be simplified to:

and then:

This simplified formula is used to calculate a current gain in decibels, and is equivalent to the power gain only if the impedances at input and output are equal.

The "current gain" of a bipolar transistor, h_FE or h_fe, is normally given as a dimensionless number, the ratio of I_c to I_b (or slope of the I_c-versus-I_b graph, for h_fe).

In the cases above, gain will be a dimensionless quantity, as it is the ratio of like units (Decibels are not used as units, but rather as a method of indicating a logarithmic relationship). In the bipolar transistor example it is the ratio of the output current to the input current, both measured in Amperes. In the case of other devices, the gain will have a value in SI units. Such is the case with the operational transconductance amplifier, which has an open-loop gain (transconductance) in Siemens (mhos), because the gain is a ratio of the output current to the input voltage.

Example

Q. An amplifier has an input impedance of 50 ohms and drives a load of 50 ohms. When its input () is 1 volt, its output () is 10 volts. What is its voltage and power gain?

A. Voltage gain is simply:

The units V/V are optional, but make it clear that this figure is a voltage gain and not a power gain. Using the expression for power, P = V²/R, the power gain is:

Again, the units W/W are optional. Power gain is more usually expressed in decibels, thus:

A gain of factor 1 (equivalent to 0 dB) where both input and output are at the same voltage level and impedance is also known as unity gain.

See also

• Active laser medium
• Antenna gain
• Aperture-to-medium coupling loss
• Automatic gain control
• Attenuation
• Complex gain
• DC offset
• Effective radiated power
• Gain before feedback
• Insertion gain
• Loop gain
• Open-loop gain
• Net gain
• Power gain
• Process gain
• Transmitter power output

 This article incorporates public domain material from the General Services Administration document "Federal Standard 1037C".

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Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「増加」「multiply」「benefit」「increase」「rise」
拡張検索	「against」「regain」「body weight gain」

「増加」

　　[★]

英

increase、rise、gain、increment、(発現量の)up-regulation、upregulation、increase、rise、multiply、elevate

関

上げる、アップレギュレーション、得る、獲得、ゲイン、上昇、上方制御、増殖、増殖期、増大、繁殖、利益、増す、増える、上向き調節、発現上昇、高める、発現増加、上がる

「multiply」

　　[★]

• v.

• 増加する、増す、繁殖する、増殖する

関

breed、breeding、elevate、expansion、gain、growth、increase、increment、multiplication、outgrow、outgrowth、proliferate、proliferation、propagate、propagation、reproduce、reproduction、rise、up-regulation、upregulation

　 　 　 　 　

「benefit」

　　[★]

• n.

• 利点、利益、ベネフィット、有利

• v.

• 利益を得る、ためになる、得をする

We investigated whether tolvaptan might be of benefit in hyponatremia.

関

advantage、advantageous、beneficial、beneficially、favorable、favorably、favourable、gain、interest、merit、profit

　 　 　 　 　

「increase」

　　[★]

• n.

• 増加、増大、上昇

• v.

• 増加する、増える

関

ascending、ascent、augment、augmentation、elevate、elevation、enlarge、escalate、escalation、expansion、gain、increment、multiply、raise、rise、rose、up-regulation、upregulation

　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「rise」

　　[★]

• n.

• 上昇、増加

• n.

• (過去rose-過去分詞risen)上昇する、増加する、上がる

関

ascend、ascending、ascent、elevate、elevation、gain、increase、increment、multiply、raise、rose、up-regulation、upregulation

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「against」

　　[★]

• 逆らって、対抗して、反対して、(病気などに)備えて

関

adverse、confrontation、contrary、counteract、disagree、disagreement、object、objection、oppose、opposite、opposition、rival

　

「regain」

　　[★]

• v.

• 回復する

関

ameliorate、amelioration、recover、recovery、recuperate、resolution、resolve、restitution、restoration、restore、return、reversal

　

「body weight gain」

　　[★]

• 体重増加

関

weight gain、weight increase