n.

欠損、欠損症、異常、欠陥、欠点

関: aberrant、aberrantly、aberration、abnormal、abnormality、abnormally、absence、agenesis、anomalous、anomalously、anomaly、defective、deficiency、deficient、deficit、deletion、deletional、deviant、drawback、extraordinarily、extraordinary、fault、flaw、inadequacy、miss、missing、morphological defect、shortcoming、unusual、unusually、weakness

WordNet

desert (a cause, a country or an army), often in order to join the opposing cause, country, or army; "If soldiers deserted Hitlers army, they were shot" (同)desert
an imperfection in an object or machine; "a flaw caused the crystal to shatter"; "if there are any defects you should send it back to the manufacturer" (同)fault, flaw
an imperfection in a bodily system; "visual defects"; "this device permits detection of defects in the lungs"
a failing or deficiency; "that interpretation is an unfortunate defect of our lack of information" (同)shortcoming
the condition of being financially weak; "the weakness of the dollar against the yen"
the property of lacking physical or mental strength; liability to failure under pressure or stress or strain; "his weakness increased as he became older"; "the weakness of the span was overlooked until it collapsed"
a penchant for something even though it might not be good for you; "he has a weakness for chocolate"
the act of deleting something written or printed
the omission that is made when an editorial change shortens a written passage; "an editors deletions frequently upset young authors"; "both parties agreed on the excision of the proposed clause" (同)excision, cut
(genetics) the loss or absence of one or more nucleotides from a chromosome
imperfect development; nondevelopment of a part (同)agenesia
feel or suffer from the lack of; "He misses his mother"
a failure to hit (or meet or find etc) (同)misfire
fail to experience; "Fortunately, I missed the hurricane" (同)escape
be without; "This soup lacks salt"; "There is something missing in my jewelry box!" (同)lack
fail to perceive or to catch with the senses or the mind; "I missed that remark"; "She missed his point"; "We lost part of what he said" (同)lose
be absent; "The child had been missing for a week"
fail to attend an event or activity; "I missed the concert"; "He missed school for a week"
fail to reach or get to; "She missed her train"
fail to reach; "The arrow missed the target"
(sports) a serve that is illegal (e.g., that lands outside the prescribed area); "he served too many double faults"
responsibility for a bad situation or event; "it was Johns fault"
(geology) a crack in the earths crust resulting from the displacement of one side with respect to the other; "they built it right over a geological fault"; "he studied the faulting of the earths crust" (同)faulting, geological fault, shift, fracture, break
(electronics) equipment failure attributable to some defect in a circuit (loose connection or insulation failure or short circuit etc.); "it took much longer to find the fault than to fix it"
markedly different from an accepted norm; "aberrant behavior"; "deviant ideas" (同)deviant, deviate
one whose behavior departs substantially from the norm of a group
(sports) the score by which a team or individual is losing
a deficiency or failure in neurological or mental functioning; "the people concerned have a deficit in verbal memory"; "they have serious linguistic deficits"
an excess of liabilities over assets (usually over a certain period); "last year there was a serious budgetary deficit"
the property of being an amount by which something is less than expected or required; "new blood vessels bud out from the already dilated vascular bed to make up the nutritional deficit" (同)shortage, shortfall

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉『欠点』,弱点,欠陥 / 〈U〉〈C〉《古》不足,欠乏 / (国・党・主義などから)離脱する,裏切って出る《+『from』+『名』》;離反して(…に)転向する《+『to』+『名』》
〈U〉(体・心・性格か)『弱いこと』《+of+名》 / 〈C〉『弱点』,短所 / 〈C〉(特に良くないものに対する)特別な好み,愛好《+for+名》
削除;〈C〉削除箇所
〈C〉未婚婦人;《複数形で》少女(girl) / 《M-》《未婚婦人の姓・姓名の前に付けて》…『嬢』,…『さん』 / 《通例M-》《おもに英》《生徒が女の先生に対して》…先生 / 《通例M-》《単独で呼び掛けに用いて》お嬢さん;《ふざけて》おねえちゃん / 《M-》《おもに容姿端麗のため一国・一団の代表に選ばれた未婚女性に対して》ミス…
〈ボールなど〉‘を'『打ち損なう』,〈的(まと)など〉‘を'『外す』 / 〈人〉‘に'『会い損なう』,〈列車・船など〉‘を'『捕まえ損なう』;〈約束など〉‘に'間に合わない / …‘を'『見落とす』,見そこなう,見矢う / 〈物事〉‘を'『逃す』,逸する / 〈会合・学校など〉‘に'出席しない / …‘を'理解できない / …‘が'ない(いない)のを残念に思う / …‘が'ない(いない)のに気付く / …‘を'避ける,免れる(avoid, escape) / …‘を'欠く / …‘の'答えの間違う / 的(まと)を外れる,当たり損なう;受け損なう / (…で)失敗する《+『in』+『名』》 / 発火しない,点火しない / やり損ない,失敗(failure);免れること,回避(escape)
〈C〉『欠点』,短所(defect) / 〈C〉『誤り』,落ち度 / 〈U〉(過失の)『責任』,罪 / 〈C〉断層(地層の食い違い) / 〈C〉フォールト(テニスなどでサーブの失敗) / …‘の'あら捜しをする / あやまちを犯す / 断層を生じる
正道からはずれた,常軌を逸した;異常な
(金銭の)不足額,赤字
(国・党・主義などからの)離単者,離反者,変節者,亡命者

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/04/20 20:10:05」(JST)

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1. 小児における、心房中隔欠損（ASD）の分類および孤立性ASDの臨床的特徴および診断 classification of atrial septal defects asds and clinical features and diagnosis of isolated asds in children
2. 二次心房中隔欠損症の経皮閉鎖に用いるデバイス devices for percutaneous closure of a secundum atrial septal defect
3. 小児における孤立性心房中隔欠損のマネージメントおよび転帰 management and outcome of isolated atrial septal defects in children
4. 成人における心房中隔欠損症の外科的閉鎖および経皮閉鎖 surgical and percutaneous closure of atrial septal defects in adults
5. 先天性心疾患女性における妊娠：特定病変 pregnancy in women with congenital heart disease specific lesions

English Journal

Selective laser melted titanium implants: a new technique for the reconstruction of extensive zygomatic complex defects.

Rotaru H1, Schumacher R2, Kim SG3, Dinu C1.
Maxillofacial plastic and reconstructive surgery.Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg.2015 Jan 29;37(1):1. eCollection 2015.
The restoration of extensive zygomatic complex defects is a surgical challenge owing to the difficulty of accurately restoring the normal anatomy, symmetry, proper facial projection and facial width. In the present study, an extensive post-traumatic zygomatic bone defect was reconstructed using a cu
PMID 25654072

Finite element assessment of block-augmented total knee arthroplasty.

Frehill B1, Crocombe AD, Agarwal Y, Bradley WN.
Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering.Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin.2015 Nov;18(15):1726-36. doi: 10.1080/10255842.2014.948429. Epub 2014 Sep 9.
Loosening and migration of tibial prostheses have been identified as causes of early total knee replacement (TKR) failure. The problem is made more complex when defects occur in the proximal tibia compromising fixation and alignment. Clinical studies using metal augments have shown these to be an al
PMID 25204616

Composite scaffolds of nano-hydroxyapatite and silk fibroin enhance mesenchymal stem cell-based bone regeneration via the interleukin 1 alpha autocrine/paracrine signaling loop.

Liu H1, Xu GW1, Wang YF1, Zhao HS1, Xiong S1, Wu Y1, Heng BC2, An CR1, Zhu GH3, Xie DH4.
Biomaterials.Biomaterials.2015 May;49:103-12. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.01.017. Epub 2015 Feb 14.
Composite scaffolds of nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp) and silk fibroin (SF) have been reported to promote bone regeneration mainly through signaling pathways associated with cell-biomaterial interaction. However, it is unclear whether soluble factors also play a role in osteoinduction with nHAp-SF. In t
PMID 25725559

Novel in situ evaluation of the role minerals play in the development of the hard-to-cook (HTC) defect of cowpeas and its effect on the in vitro mineral bioaccessibility.

Kruger J1, Minnis-Ndimba R2, Mtshali C2, Minnaar A3.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2015 May 1;174:365-71. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.10.134. Epub 2014 Nov 3.
Cowpea is a nutritionally important drought-resistant legume in sub-Saharan Africa. It is, however, underutilised, in part due to the hard-to-cook (HTC) defect caused by adverse storage conditions resulting in seeds not softening during cooking. This study introduced a novel evaluation of the potent
PMID 25529693

Japanese Journal

Model of the Light-Induced Defect Creation in Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon

森垣和夫
広島工業大学研究紀要 33, 19-24, 36192-00-00
A previous model that prolonged illumination creates two types of dangling bonds, i.e., normal dangling bonds and hydrogen-related dangling bonds (dangling bonds having hydrogen at a nearby site) is m …
NAID 120005403301

Low-resistivity m-plane freestanding GaN substrate with very low point-defect concentrations grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy on a GaN seed crystal synthesized by the ammonothermal method

Kojima Kazunobu,Tsukada Yusuke,Furukawa Erika,Saito Makoto,Mikawa Yutaka,Kubo Shuichi,Ikeda Hirotaka,Fujito Kenji,Uedono Akira,Chichibu Shigefusa
Appl. Phys. Express 8(9), 095501, 2015-08-06
… 10<sup>−3</sup>Ω·cm) and a low point-defect concentration, being applicable to vertically conducting power-switching devices, was grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy on a nearly bowing-free bulk GaN seed wafer synthesized by the ammonothermal method in supercritical ammonia using an acidic mineralizer. …
NAID 150000111233

心疾患を合併したC型食道閉鎖症に対する術式の検討 : ASD,VSD合併症例に対する胸腔鏡手術と開胸手術の比較

矢本真也,福本弘二,納所洋 [他]
日本小児外科学会雑誌 51(5), 873-878, 2015-08
NAID 40020563877

私の経験網膜光凝固術後に遷延性角膜上皮欠損をきたした糖尿病患者の1例

二出川裕香,住岡孝吉,高田幸尚 [他]
眼科 57(9), 1171-1174, 2015-08
NAID 40020563233

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「100Cases 96」「aberrant」「欠損」「deficiency」「deficient」
拡張検索	「secretion defect」

「100Cases 96」

　　[★]

96

35歳　女性

【主訴】息切れ

【現病歴】6ヶ月から次第に増悪する息切れを訴え来院。息切れは進行しており、今では同年代の人に比べ階段を登ったり平地を歩くのがおそい。3ヶ月間空咳が出現してきている。

【既往歴】喘息(子供の頃、中等度)

【家族歴】父：40歳時に胸部疾患(chest problem)で死亡(と、この患者は思いこんでいる)。

【服用薬】パラセタモール。やせ薬は過去に使ったことがある

【嗜好歴】タバコ：吸わない。飲酒：週に10 units以下。

【職業歴】印刷会社(学校卒業後ずっと)

【生活歴】8歳と10歳の子供がいる。ペットとして自宅にネコとウサギを飼育している。

【身体所見】

バチ指、貧血、チアノーゼは認めない。心血管系正常。呼吸器系で、両側性に肺拡張能低下。胸部打診音、および触覚振盪音は正常。聴診上、両肺の肺底部に呼気終期年発音を聴取する。

【検査所見】

呼吸機能試験

測定値予測値

FEV1(L) 3.0 3.6-4.2

FVC(L) 3.6 4.5-5.3

FER(FEV1/FVC)(%) 83 75-80

PEF(L/min) 470 450-550

胸部単純X線写真

胸部単純CT(肺野条件)

Q1　診断は？Q2　追加の検査と治療法

(解説)

・6ヶ月から次第に増悪する息切れ

　・本当に6ヶ月から息切れが始まったかは分からない！！実際にはもっと前から存在する可能性を考えよう。

・喘息の既往歴　→　また喘息か・・・

　・聴診上笛音 weezingなく、また呼吸機能検査で閉塞性肺障害は認められず否定的

・職業性喘息　←　肺の疾患では職業歴が重要なんだよ、うん。

　・職業に関連した特定の物質に曝露され引き起こされる気管支喘息。

　・気管支喘息だと閉塞性換気障害でしょっ。

・本症例の病態

　・拘束性病変(restrictive problem)：拡張制限　＋　ラ音(呼気時に閉鎖していた気道の再開通によるラ音。このラ音は(1)肺が硬い＋(2)肺容量低下による起こるんじゃ)

・呼吸機能検査の結果

　・中等度の拘束性換気障害(FEV1とFVCの低下、slightly high ratio)

　　→　硬い肺と胸郭を示唆している　→　肺コンプライアンス低下じゃな。

　　→　拡散能低下が予想される。

・胸部単純X線写真

　・小さい肺野、中肺野～下肺野にかけて結節性網状陰影(nodular and reticular shadowing)を認める　←　教科書的には「線状網状影」

・HRCT

　・胸膜下嚢胞形成(subspleural cyst formationの直訳。教科書的には「胸膜直下の蜂巣肺所見」)を伴う線維化

これらの所見→diffusing pulmonary fibrosis(fibrosing alveolitis)

・肺の線維化病変を見たら限局性かびまん性かを見なさい！マジで？

　・びまん性：diffuse fine pulmonary fibrosis

　　・原因：膠原病、薬剤性、中毒性、特発性

　・限局性：例えば肺炎感染後の瘢痕

・IPF

　・まれに家族性の病型有　→　本症例で父がchest problemで無くなっている事と関連があるかもしらん。

　・IPFの良くある病型：UIP　＋　CT上胸膜下に認められる蜂巣肺

　・膠原病に合併する場合、NSIPの様に広い範囲に斑状の病変が出現

　・CT上、ground glass shadowingに見える所はactive cellular alveolitisであり、反応に反応する確率が高いことと関連している。

・追加の検査の目的：原因と合併症の検索、肺生検施行の有無を決定

　・肺生検：経気管支鏡生検は試料が少ないために負荷。VATは良く使用されており、若年の肺組織を得るのに適切な方法。

・治療

　・低用量～中等量の副腎皮質ステロイド　±　免疫抑制薬(アザチオプリン)：数ヶ月経過観察し、反応性を観察。

　　・UIP 症例でこのレジメンに対する反応性は乏しく、治療による利益より重大な副作用を起こさないことが重要

　・アセチルシステイン：anti-oxidant

　　・予後を改善するというエビデンス有り

　　・ステロイド＋アザチオプリン＋アセチルシステインというレジメンで用いられることがある

　・肺移植

　　・本症例の様にナウでヤングな患者には適応を考慮しても良い

・予後

　・疾患の進展速度は症例により様々

　・6ヶ月で死亡する急性増悪も起こることがある。

　　Progression rates are variable and an acute aggressive form with death in 6 months can occur.

　・UIP 症例では多くの場合2～3年かけて確実に進行していく。

■glossary

clubbing n. バチ指

restrictive ventilatory defect 拘束性換気障害

transfer factor = 拡散能/拡散能力 diffusion capacity

subpleural bleb 胸膜下嚢胞

diffuse fine pulmonary fibrosis びまん性微細肺線維症

warrant vt. (正式)(SVO/doing)S(事)からするとO(事)は「～することは」当然のことである(justify)

relevant adj. 直接的に関連する、関連性のある(to)

ground glass すりガラス

'ground glass' shadowingすりガラス陰影

「aberrant」

　　[★]

ab 'away, from' + errare 'to stray' -> aberrant 'wandering away'

adj.

正道をはずれた、軌道を逸した。あやまった。(生)異常型の。(医)異所性の、迷入性の

Autosomal dominant dRTA results from mutations involving the chloride-bicarbonate exchanger AE1, the gateway for bicarbonate exit into the blood. Anion exchange by the mutant AE1 is normal, but aberrant targeting of AE1 from the basal to apical plasma membrane is believed to cause bicarbonate loss into the urine instead of recovery.(HIM.1085)