n.

基底、根拠、素因

adj.

地上の、地面の。穴を掘る終生の、地上に住む。基本の、基礎の

関: basal、basement、bases、basis、diathesis、diathetic、evidence、foundation、fundus、grounding、predisposition、reason

WordNet

throw to the ground in order to stop play and avoid being tackled behind the line of scrimmage
a connection between an electrical device and a large conducting body, such as the earth (which is taken to be at zero voltage) (同)earth
(art) the surface (as a wall or canvas) prepared to take the paint for a painting
a position to be won or defended in battle (or as if in battle); "they gained ground step by step"; "they fought to regain the lost ground"
a relatively homogeneous percept extending back of the figure on which attention is focused
hit or reach the ground (同)run aground
bring to the ground; "the storm grounded the ship" (同)strand, run aground
confine or restrict to the ground; "After the accident, they grounded the plane and the pilot"
connect to a ground; "ground the electrical connections for safety reasons"
hit a groundball; "he grounded to the second baseman"
hit onto the ground
instruct someone in the fundamentals of a subject
place or put on the ground
any of various water-soluble compounds capable of turning litmus blue and reacting with an acid to form a salt and water; "bases include oxides and hydroxides of metals and ammonia" (同)alkali
(numeration system) the positive integer that is equivalent to one in the next higher counting place; "10 is the radix of the decimal system" (同)radix
the bottom side of a geometric figure from which the altitude can be constructed; "the base of the triangle"
situate as a center of operations; "we will base this project in the new lab"
a place that the runner must touch before scoring; "he scrambled to get back to the bag" (同)bag
installation from which a military force initiates operations; "the attack wiped out our forward bases" (同)base of operations
a support or foundation; "the base of the lamp" (同)pedestal, stand
(electronics) the part of a transistor that separates the emitter from the collector
a flat bottom on which something is intended to sit; "a tub should sit on its own base"
the principal ingredient of a mixture; "glycerinated gelatin is used as a base for many ointments"; "he told the painter that he wanted a yellow base with just a hint of green"; "everything she cooked seemed to have rice as the base"
the place where you are stationed and from which missions start and end (同)home
(anatomy) the part of an organ nearest its point of attachment; "the base of the skull"
the bottom or lowest part; "the base of the mountain"
illegitimate (同)baseborn
of low birth or station (`base is archaic in this sense); "baseborn wretches with dirty faces"; "of humble (or lowly) birth" (同)baseborn, humble, lowly
not adhering to ethical or moral principles; "base and unpatriotic motives"; "a base, degrading way of life"; "cheating is dishonorable"; "they considered colonialism immoral"; "unethical practices in handling public funds" (同)immoral
having or showing an ignoble lack of honor or morality; "that liberal obedience without which your army would be a base rabble"- Edmund Burke; "taking a mean advantage"; "chokd with ambition of the meaner sort"- Shakespeare; "something essentially vulgar and meanspirited in politics" (同)mean, meanspirited
(used of metals) consisting of or alloyed with inferior metal; "base coins of aluminum"; "a base metal"
debased; not genuine; "an attempt to eliminate the base coinage"
the basis on which something is grounded; "there is little foundation for his objections"
lowest support of a structure; "it was built on a base of solid rock"; "he stood at the foot of the tower" (同)base, fundament, foot, groundwork, substructure, understructure
education or instruction in the fundamentals of a field of knowledge; "he lacks the foundation necessary for advanced study"; "a good grounding in mathematics" (同)grounding
an institution supported by an endowment
your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief; "the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is very compelling" (同)grounds
(law) all the means by which any alleged matter of fact whose truth is investigated at judicial trial is established or disproved
an indication that makes something evident; "his trembling was evidence of his fear"
the most important or necessary part of something; "the basis of this drink is orange juice" (同)base
the fundamental assumptions from which something is begun or developed or calculated or explained; "the whole argument rested on a basis of conjecture" (同)base, foundation, fundament, groundwork, cornerstone
low-growing plants planted in deep shade or on a steep slope where turf is difficult to grow (同)ground_cover
small plants other than saplings growing on a forest floor (同)ground_cover
reddish brown North American marmot (同)woodchuck, Marmota monax
a communication system for sending continuous radio messages to an airplane pilot who is making a ground-controlled approach to landing
(baseball) a special rule (as in baseball) dealing with situations that arise due to the nature of the playing grounds
the dregs remaining after brewing coffee
a tract of land cleared for some special purposes (recreation or burial etc.)
dregs consisting of solid particles (especially of coffee) that form a residue; "it is a Middle Eastern custom to read your future in your coffee grounds"
fastening electrical equipment to earth (同)earthing

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉《the~》『地面』,地表 / 〈U〉『土』,土壌;『土地』 / 〈C〉《しばしば複数形で》(特定の目的のための)『場所』 / 《複数形で》(建物の回りの)『庭』,庭園;『構内』,屋敷 / 〈C〉《しばしば複数形で》『根拠』(basis),理由(reason) / 〈U〉(確保すべき)立場,意見;地歩 / 〈U〉(研究などの)分野,範囲;話題,問題 / 〈C〉(図案・塗りなどの)下地 / 〈U〉海底,水底 / 《複数形で》(コーヒーなどの)おり,かす / 〈U〉《米》(電気装置の)アース / …‘を'地上に置く / (…に)〈主義・信念など〉‘を'基づかせる,立脚させる《+名+on+名(doing)》 / 〈人〉‘に'(…の)基礎(初歩)を教え込む《+名+in+名》 / 〈飛行機〉‘を'離陸させない / 〈人〉‘を'飛行勤務をやめさせる,地上勤務にする / 〈船〉‘を'座礁させる / 《米》〈電線など〉‘を'接地する,アースする(《英》earth) / 〈物が〉地面に落ちる(届く〉 / 〈船が〉座礁する / (野球で)ゴロを打つ
grindの過去・過去分詞 / 粉にした,ひいた / すった,磨いた
《文》(人や人の行動・孝えが)『卑しい』,下劣な / (金属が)質の劣った;(貨幣が)粗悪な
『基礎』,根拠 / 『基部』,基底,土台 / 『根拠地』,基地 / (野球の)塁,ベース / 主成分;塩基(酸と反応シテ塩(官)を生じる化合物) / (数学で図形の)底;底辺;基線 / (…に)…‘の'『基礎をおく』《+『名』+『on』(『upon』)+『名』》
〈U〉(…を)設立すること,(…の)『創立』《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉〈C〉(…の)『土台,』(…の)基礎《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉〈C〉(思想・学説などの)根拠,より所《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉(維持基金によって運営される)施設;財団協会: / 〈U〉(財団などの)基金,維持基金 / 〈C〉ファンデーション(化粧下に用いる基礎化粧品)
『証拠』,証拠物件 / 印,徴侯,形跡(indication)・(証拠をあげて)…‘を'証明する・「in evidence」で「証拠(証人)として」
『根拠』,基準;…制 / (混合物の)主成分
芝生がわりのツタ(アンニンカなど)
=woodchuck
(…の)基礎教育,基礎学習,基礎訓練《+in+名》

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/09/28 05:14:24」(JST)

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UpToDate Contents

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1. 肺の高分解能CT high resolution computed tomography of the lungs
2. 民間航空機内の救急救命管理 management of inflight medical emergencies on commercial airlines
3. Imaging of occupational lung diseases
4. 孤発性肺結節性病変の診断的評価およびマネージメント diagnostic evaluation and management of the solitary pulmonary nodule
5. 過敏性肺臓炎（外因性アレルギー性肺胞炎）の分類および臨床症状 classification and clinical manifestations of hypersensitivity pneumonitis extrinsic allergic alveolitis

English Journal

Effects of succinate on ground beef color and premature browning.

Mancini RA, Ramanathan R, Suman SP, Dady G, Joseph P.SourceDepartment of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
Meat science.Meat Sci.2011 Oct;89(2):189-94. Epub 2011 Apr 27.
The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of succinate on raw and cooked ground beef color. Chubs (n=10) were divided in half and assigned to either succinate (final w/w concentration of 2.5%) or distilled water. Patties (n=14 per chub half) were assigned to initial day 0 color a
PMID 21663806

Effect of garlic, onion, and their combination on the quality and sensory characteristics of irradiated raw ground beef.

Yang HS, Lee EJ, Moon SH, Paik HD, Nam K, Ahn DU.SourceDepartment of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 3150, USA; Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 660-701, Republic of Korea.
Meat science.Meat Sci.2011 Oct;89(2):202-8. Epub 2011 May 1.
Irradiated raw ground beef had lower a*- and b*-values than nonirradiated ones regardless of garlic or onion treatment at 0d. Irradiation increased TBARS values of control ground beef, but addition of 0.5% onion or 0.1% garlic+0.5% onion reduced oxidative changes during storage. Addition of garlic o
PMID 21600702

Evaluating the effect of vehicle modification in reducing injuries from landmine blasts. An analysis of 2212 incidents and its application for humanitarian purposes.

Ramasamy A, Hill AM, Masouros SD, Gordon F, Clasper JC, Bull AM.SourceImperial Blast Biomechanics and Biophysics Group Dept of Bioengineering, Rm. 4.28, Royal School of Mines, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
Accident; analysis and prevention.Accid Anal Prev.2011 Sep;43(5):1878-86. Epub 2011 May 24.
PMID 21658517

Lysozyme as a barrier to growth of Bacillus anthracis strain Sterne in liquid egg white, milk and beef.

Sung K, Khan SA, Nawaz MS, Cerniglia CE, Tamplin ML, Phillips RW, Kelley LC.SourceDivision of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
Food microbiology.Food Microbiol.2011 Sep;28(6):1231-4. Epub 2011 Mar 11.
In this study, we investigated the role of lysozyme on the viability of Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus anthracis (Sterne) in egg white (EW), ground beef and milk. At 35?°C in EW, growth rates (GR) for B.?cereus, B.?subtilis, B.?pumilus and B.?anthracis were 0
PMID 21645824

Japanese Journal

Initial vegetation recovery following a blowdown of a conifer plantation in monsoonal East Asia : Impacts of legacy retention, salvaging, site preparation, and weeding

Morimoto Junko,Morimoto Miho,Nakamura Futoshi
Forest Ecology and Management 261(8), 1353-1361, 2011-04-15
… Eleven indicators of the ground condition and the number of vascular plant species, including ferns, were quantified, and the number and abundance of residual and newly colonized plants of the main woody species were estimated. … Our main findings were as follows: (1) in unsalvaged sites and residual rows, the diversity of plant species was poor, but a variety of plant species compositions were observed due to the heterogeneous conditions of the ground and ample residual plants; …
NAID 120002934256

小学校理科「流水の働き」における野外学習(Ⅰ)　－大分川と春木川における川原の石の比較―

三次徳二,肥後喜陽,藤原祐樹,ミツギトクジ,ヒゴヨシタカ,フジワラユウキ,Mitsugi Tokuji,Higo Yoshitaka,Fujiwara Yuki
大分大学教育福祉科学部研究紀要 33(1), 59-66, 2011-04
… In order for pupils to learn the relationship between the function of running water and the change of ground surface, a field study class is prepared for observation. …
NAID 120003002796

反復横とびにおける素早い方向転換動作

堀川真那,ほりかわまな,Horikawa Mana,藤原素子,ふじわらもとこ,Fujiwara Motoko
奈良女子大学スポーツ科学研究 13, 13-22, 2011-03-31
… In this study, we investigated the ground reaction force (GRF) of outside leg and inside leg in direction changes from right side to left side during 20 seconds side step test. …
NAID 120003056815

三権分立における米副大統領の地位と役割 : 行政府及び立法府との関係 (北川紀男教授退任記念号)

松村昌廣
桃山学院大学社会学論集 44(2), 95-110, 2011-03-28
… this is on the ground that they do not apply to the legislative branch, and that the vice presidency as Chairman of the Senate is part of the branch. …
NAID 110008425094

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「100Cases 96」「diathesis」「evidence」「base」「根拠」
拡張検索	「background radiation」「mutant background」
関連記事	「grounding」

「100Cases 96」

　　[★]

96

35歳　女性

【主訴】息切れ

【現病歴】6ヶ月から次第に増悪する息切れを訴え来院。息切れは進行しており、今では同年代の人に比べ階段を登ったり平地を歩くのがおそい。3ヶ月間空咳が出現してきている。

【既往歴】喘息(子供の頃、中等度)

【家族歴】父：40歳時に胸部疾患(chest problem)で死亡(と、この患者は思いこんでいる)。

【服用薬】パラセタモール。やせ薬は過去に使ったことがある

【嗜好歴】タバコ：吸わない。飲酒：週に10 units以下。

【職業歴】印刷会社(学校卒業後ずっと)

【生活歴】8歳と10歳の子供がいる。ペットとして自宅にネコとウサギを飼育している。

【身体所見】

バチ指、貧血、チアノーゼは認めない。心血管系正常。呼吸器系で、両側性に肺拡張能低下。胸部打診音、および触覚振盪音は正常。聴診上、両肺の肺底部に呼気終期年発音を聴取する。

【検査所見】

呼吸機能試験

測定値予測値

FEV1(L) 3.0 3.6-4.2

FVC(L) 3.6 4.5-5.3

FER(FEV1/FVC)(%) 83 75-80

PEF(L/min) 470 450-550

胸部単純X線写真

胸部単純CT(肺野条件)

Q1　診断は？Q2　追加の検査と治療法

(解説)

・6ヶ月から次第に増悪する息切れ

　・本当に6ヶ月から息切れが始まったかは分からない！！実際にはもっと前から存在する可能性を考えよう。

・喘息の既往歴　→　また喘息か・・・

　・聴診上笛音 weezingなく、また呼吸機能検査で閉塞性肺障害は認められず否定的

・職業性喘息　←　肺の疾患では職業歴が重要なんだよ、うん。

　・職業に関連した特定の物質に曝露され引き起こされる気管支喘息。

　・気管支喘息だと閉塞性換気障害でしょっ。

・本症例の病態

　・拘束性病変(restrictive problem)：拡張制限　＋　ラ音(呼気時に閉鎖していた気道の再開通によるラ音。このラ音は(1)肺が硬い＋(2)肺容量低下による起こるんじゃ)

・呼吸機能検査の結果

　・中等度の拘束性換気障害(FEV1とFVCの低下、slightly high ratio)

　　→　硬い肺と胸郭を示唆している　→　肺コンプライアンス低下じゃな。

　　→　拡散能低下が予想される。

・胸部単純X線写真

　・小さい肺野、中肺野～下肺野にかけて結節性網状陰影(nodular and reticular shadowing)を認める　←　教科書的には「線状網状影」

・HRCT

　・胸膜下嚢胞形成(subspleural cyst formationの直訳。教科書的には「胸膜直下の蜂巣肺所見」)を伴う線維化

これらの所見→diffusing pulmonary fibrosis(fibrosing alveolitis)

・肺の線維化病変を見たら限局性かびまん性かを見なさい！マジで？

　・びまん性：diffuse fine pulmonary fibrosis

　　・原因：膠原病、薬剤性、中毒性、特発性

　・限局性：例えば肺炎感染後の瘢痕

・IPF

　・まれに家族性の病型有　→　本症例で父がchest problemで無くなっている事と関連があるかもしらん。

　・IPFの良くある病型：UIP　＋　CT上胸膜下に認められる蜂巣肺

　・膠原病に合併する場合、NSIPの様に広い範囲に斑状の病変が出現

　・CT上、ground glass shadowingに見える所はactive cellular alveolitisであり、反応に反応する確率が高いことと関連している。

・追加の検査の目的：原因と合併症の検索、肺生検施行の有無を決定

　・肺生検：経気管支鏡生検は試料が少ないために負荷。VATは良く使用されており、若年の肺組織を得るのに適切な方法。

・治療

　・低用量～中等量の副腎皮質ステロイド　±　免疫抑制薬(アザチオプリン)：数ヶ月経過観察し、反応性を観察。

　　・UIP 症例でこのレジメンに対する反応性は乏しく、治療による利益より重大な副作用を起こさないことが重要

　・アセチルシステイン：anti-oxidant

　　・予後を改善するというエビデンス有り

　　・ステロイド＋アザチオプリン＋アセチルシステインというレジメンで用いられることがある

　・肺移植

　　・本症例の様にナウでヤングな患者には適応を考慮しても良い

・予後

　・疾患の進展速度は症例により様々

　・6ヶ月で死亡する急性増悪も起こることがある。

　　Progression rates are variable and an acute aggressive form with death in 6 months can occur.

　・UIP 症例では多くの場合2～3年かけて確実に進行していく。

■glossary

clubbing n. バチ指

restrictive ventilatory defect 拘束性換気障害

transfer factor = 拡散能/拡散能力 diffusion capacity

subpleural bleb 胸膜下嚢胞

diffuse fine pulmonary fibrosis びまん性微細肺線維症

warrant vt. (正式)(SVO/doing)S(事)からするとO(事)は「～することは」当然のことである(justify)

relevant adj. 直接的に関連する、関連性のある(to)

ground glass すりガラス

'ground glass' shadowingすりガラス陰影

「diathesis」

　　[★]

n.

(ある病気にかかりやすい)素質、体質、素因

The combination of dipyridamole and warfarin can be used to inhibit thrombus formation on prosthetic heart valves, while the combination of dipyridamole and aspirin can be used to reduce the likelihood of thrombosis in patients with a thrombotic diathesis(PPC.401)