absent

• adj.

• 非存在の、欠く、欠席している

関

absence、default、defective、deficient、devoid、lack、nonexistent

　 　 　 　

WordNet

1. not being in a specified place
2. lost in thought; showing preoccupation; "an absent stare"; "an absentminded professor"; "the scatty glancing quality of a hyperactive but unfocused intelligence" (同)absentminded, abstracted, scatty
3. go away or leave; "He absented himself" (同)remove
4. failure to be present
5. the occurrence of an abrupt, transient loss or impairment of consciousness (which is not subsequently remembered), sometimes with light twitching, fluttering eyelids, etc.; common in petit mal epilepsy (同)absence_seizure
6. the state of being absent; "he was surprised by the absence of any explanation"
7. the time interval during which something or somebody is away; "he visited during my absence"
8. the state of needing something that is absent or unavailable; "there is a serious lack of insight into the problem"; "water is the critical deficiency in desert regions"; "for want of a nail the shoe was lost" (同)deficiency, want
9. inadequate in amount or degree; "a deficient education"; "deficient in common sense"; "lacking in stamina"; "tested and found wanting" (同)lacking, wanting
10. falling short of some prescribed norm; "substandard housing" (同)inferior, substandard
11. markedly subnormal in structure or function or intelligence or behavior; "defective speech"
12. having a defect; "I returned the appliance because it was defective" (同)faulty
13. fail to pay up (同)default on
14. act of failing to meet a financial obligation (同)nonpayment, nonremittal
15. loss due to not showing up; "he lost the game by default"
16. while absent; although absent; "he was sentenced in absentia"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 『欠席した』,るすの,不在の / (物が)欠けている,ない / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》『放心した』 / (…から)〈人〉'を'欠席させる《+『名』+『from』+『名』》
2. 〈U〉〈C〉『るす』,不在;『欠席』;不在期間;(…を)欠席すること《+『from』+『名』》 / 〈U〉(…が)『ないこと』,(…の)欠如(lacking)《+『of』+『名』》
3. …‘を'『欠く』,‘が'ない(受動態にできない) / (…になるまでに)…‘だけ'不足する《+『名』+『of』[『being』]+『名』》 / 〈U〉《時にa~》(必要なものの)『欠乏』,不足;(…が)ないこと《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉欠けて(不足して)いるもの
4. 欠陥のある,欠けた,不足した
5. 『欠点のある』,欠陥のある / 欠けている,足りない,(知能的に)標準以下の / 精神障害者,身体障害者
6. (義務・債務などの)不履行,怠慢《+『on』(『against』)+『名』》;(法廷・試合場などへの)不出場・欠席 / (義務・債務などを)履行しない;(裁判・試合などに)出場しない《+『in』(『on』)+『名』》
7. 不在投票者

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/04/03 12:57:35」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

"Absence" redirects here. For other uses, see Absence (disambiguation).

Absenteeism is a habitual pattern of absence from a duty or obligation. Traditionally, absenteeism has been viewed as an indicator of poor individual performance, as well as a breach of an implicit contract between employee and employer; it was seen as a management problem, and framed in economic or quasi-economic terms. More recent scholarship seeks to understand absenteeism as an indicator of psychological, medical, or social adjustment to work.

Workplace

"So You're not coming in Tomorrow Bud"

High absenteeism in the workplace may be indicative of poor morale, but absences can also be caused by workplace hazards or sick building syndrome. Many employers use statistics such as the Bradford factor that do not distinguish between genuine illness and absence for inappropriate reasons. In 2013 in the UK the CIPD estimated that the average worker had 7.6 sick days per year and that absenteeism cost employers £595 per employee per annum.

As a result, many employees feel obliged to come to work while ill, and transmit communicable diseases to their co-workers. This leads to even greater absenteeism and reduced productivity among other workers who try to work while ill. Work forces often excuse absenteeism caused by medical reasons if the employee provides supporting documentation from their medical practitioner. According to Nelson & Quick (2008) people who are dissatisfied with their jobs are absent more frequently. They went on to say that the type of dissatisfaction that most often leads employees to miss work is dissatisfaction with the work itself.

The psychological model that discusses this is the "withdrawal model", which assumes that absenteeism represents individual withdrawal from dissatisfying working conditions. This finds empirical support in a negative association between absence and job satisfaction, especially satisfaction with the work itself.

Medical-based understanding of absenteeism find support in research that links absenteeism with smoking, problem drinking, low back pain, and migraines. Absence ascribed to medical causes is often still, at least in part, voluntary. Research shows that over one trillion dollars is lost annually due to productivity shortages as a result of medical-related absenteeism, and that increased focus on preventative wellness could reduce these costs. The line between psychological and medical causation is blurry, given that there are positive links between both work stress and depression and absenteeism. Depressive tendencies may lie behind some of the absence ascribed to poor physical health, as with adoption of a "culturally approved sick role". This places the adjective "sickness" before the word "absence", and carries a burden of more proof than is usually offered.

Evidence indicates that absence is generally viewed as "mildly deviant workplace behavior". For example, people tend to hold negative stereotypes of absentees, under report their own absenteeism, and believe their own attendance record is better than that of their peers. Negative attributions about absence then bring about three outcomes: the behavior is open to social control, sensitive to social context, and is a potential source of workplace conflict.

In the United States, some employers use Absence Control Policies to manage chronic absenteeism.

Bullying

Main article: Workplace bullying

Nearly every workplace that has a bully in charge will have elevated staff turnover and absenteeism.

Narcissism and psychopathy

Main articles: Narcissism in the workplace and Psychopathy in the workplace

Thomas suggests that there tends to be a higher level of stress with people who work or interact with a narcissist, which in turn increases absenteeism and staff turnover. Boddy finds the same dynamic where there is a corporate psychopath in the organisation.

See also

• Organizational justice
• Presenteeism
• Leaveism
• Saint Monday
• See a man about a dog
• Sick leave

References

Notes

• Hanebuth, Dirk (2008) "Background of absenteeism" in K. Heinitz (ed.) Psychology in Organizations - Issues from an applied area. Peter Lang: Frankfurt. p. 115-134.
• Johns, Gary (2007) "absenteeism" in George Ritzer (ed.) The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology, Blackwell Publishing, 2007.
• Mc Clenney, Mary Ann, "A Study of the Relationship Between Absenteeism and Job Satisfaction, Certain Personal Characteristics, and Situational Factors for Employees in a Public Agency" (1992). Applied Research Projects. Paper 241

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Related Links

• absentの意味 - goo辞書 英和和英

absentとは。意味や和訳。[形] 〔ǽbsənt〕1 （…に）不在の，留守の[で]，（…を）欠席[欠勤]して，（…に）不参加で（⇔present）((from ...)), 姿を見せないyour absent friend欠席している君の友人（ ×your present friendは ...

• absentの意味 - 英和辞典 - コトバンク

プログレッシブ英和中辞典(第4版) - [形] /&#509;bsnt/1 （…に）不在の, 留守の[で], （…を）欠席[欠勤]して, （…に）不参加で（⇔present）((from ...)), 姿を見せないyour absent friend｜欠席している君の友人（ ×your ...

• absentの意味・用例｜英辞郎 on the WEB：アルク

absent 【他動】～を欠席する 【形】 〔いるべき場所に〕いない、不在の、留守の... - アルクがお届けする進化するオンライン英和・和英辞書データベース。一般的な単語や連語から、イディオム、専門用語、スラングまで幅広く収録。

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「deficient」「defective」「lack」「absence」「default」
拡張検索	「absent reflex」「absent gag reflex」「absent deep tendon reflex」「absenteeism」

「deficient」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 不足/欠乏した、不十分な(in)。不完全な、欠陥のある

• n.

• 不完全なもの/人

関

absent、agenesis、dearth、defect、defective、deficiency、deficit、deletion、deletional、depletion、deprivation、deprive、devoid、inadequate、insufficiency、insufficient、insufficiently、lack、low、miss、missing、paucity、poorly、scanty、scarce、scarcity、starve

　 　 　

「defective」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 欠損した、不完全な、欠く、欠陥のある

関

absent、agenesis、defect、deficiency、deficient、deficit、deletion、deletional、devoid、drawback、fault、faulty、flaw、imperfect、imperfection、imperfectly、incomplete、incompletely、lack、miss、missing、vicious

　 　 　

「lack」

　　[★]

• n.

• 欠乏、不足、欠如

• v.

• 欠乏する、欠く

関

absence、absent、dearth、defective、deficiency、deficient、deficit、depletion、deprivation、deprive、devoid、in short、insufficiency、insufficient、paucity、scarce、scarcity、short、shortage、shortness、starve

　 　

「absence」

　　[★]

• n.

• 非存在、欠如、欠くこと、ないこと、欠神、欠損症

関

absent、defect、deficiency、lack、morphological defect、nonexistent

　 　 　 　 　

「default」

　　[★]

初期状態の、初期設定の、デフォルトの、(あまり用例はない)不履行、棄権、欠席

関

absent、initial state、noncompliance

　 　 　 　

「absent reflex」

　　[★]

• 反射消失

関

abnormal reflex、absent deep tendon reflex、absent gag reflex、areflexia、decreased gag reflex、decreased reflex、hyperreflexia、hyporeflexia、pendular reflex

「absent gag reflex」

　　[★]

• 咽頭反射消失

関

abnormal reflex、absent deep tendon reflex、absent reflex、decreased gag reflex、decreased reflex、hyperreflexia、hyporeflexia、pendular reflex

「absent deep tendon reflex」

　　[★]

• 深部腱反射消失

関

abnormal reflex、absent gag reflex、absent reflex、decreased gag reflex、decreased reflex、hyperreflexia、hyporeflexia、pendular reflex

「absenteeism」

　　[★]

• 長期欠勤、常習的欠勤