anomalous

• adj.

• 異常な、異例の

関

aberrant、aberrantly、aberration、abnormal、abnormality、abnormally、anomalously、anomaly、defect、deviant、exceeding、extraordinarily、extraordinary、unusual、unusually

　 　

WordNet

1. deviating from the general or common order or type; "advanced forms of life may be anomalous in the universe"
2. desert (a cause, a country or an army), often in order to join the opposing cause, country, or army; "If soldiers deserted Hitlers army, they were shot" (同)desert
3. an imperfection in an object or machine; "a flaw caused the crystal to shatter"; "if there are any defects you should send it back to the manufacturer" (同)fault, flaw
4. an imperfection in a bodily system; "visual defects"; "this device permits detection of defects in the lungs"
5. a failing or deficiency; "that interpretation is an unfortunate defect of our lack of information" (同)shortcoming
6. markedly different from an accepted norm; "aberrant behavior"; "deviant ideas" (同)deviant, deviate
7. one whose behavior departs substantially from the norm of a group
8. beyond what is ordinary or usual; highly unusual or exceptional or remarkable; "extraordinary authority"; "an extraordinary achievement"; "her extraordinary beauty"; "enjoyed extraordinary popularity"; "an extraordinary capacity for work"; "an extraordinary session of the legislature"
9. far more than usual or expected; "an extraordinary desire for approval"; "it was an over-the-top experience" (同)over-the-top, sinful
10. (of an official) serving an unusual or special function in addition to those of the regular officials; "an ambassador extraordinary"
11. marked strangeness as a consequence of being abnormal (同)freakishness
12. behavior that breaches the rule or etiquette or custom or morality (同)irregularity
13. an abnormal physical condition resulting from defective genes or developmental deficiencies (同)abnormalcy
14. retardation sufficient to fall outside the normal range of intelligence (同)mental defectiveness

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 変則的な(irregular) / 異常な(abnormal)
2. 〈C〉『欠点』,弱点,欠陥 / 〈U〉〈C〉《古》不足,欠乏 / (国・党・主義などから)離脱する,裏切って出る《+『from』+『名』》;離反して(…に)転向する《+『to』+『名』》
3. 正道からはずれた,常軌を逸した;異常な
4. 『並はずれた』;異常な / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》『特別の』,臨時の
5. 〈U〉異常,変則 / 〈U〉異常なもの(事件)
6. 変則動詞(be,have,do,shall,will,mayなど不規則変化をする動詞・助動詞)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/12/22 06:21:04」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Not to be confused with Abnormality (behavior).

Anomaly may refer to:

Astronomy and celestial mechanics

• In astronomy, an anomaly is a quantity measured with respect to an apsis, usually the periapsis
• Eccentric anomaly, an intermediate value used to compute the position of a celestial object as a function of time
• Flyby anomaly, an unexpected energy increase during the flybys of the Earth by various satellites
• Mean anomaly, a measure of time in the study of orbital dynamics
• Pioneer anomaly, the observed deviation of the trajectories of some unmanned space probes, and especially Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11
• South Atlantic Anomaly, the region in outer space where the Earth's inner van Allen radiation belt makes its closest approach to the surface of this planet
• True anomaly, the angle between the direction of periapsis and the current position of an object on its orbit
• Anomalous precession, another term for "apsidal precession"

Geophysics

• Bouguer anomaly, anomaly in gravimetry
• Free-air anomaly, gravity anomaly that has been computed for latitude and corrected for elevation of the station
• Gravity anomaly, difference between the observed gravity and a value predicted from a model
• Iridium anomaly, very rare element in the Earth's crust
• Magnetic anomaly, local variation in the Earth's magnetic field
  • Kursk Magnetic Anomaly, territory rich in iron ores located within Kursk Oblast, Belgorod Oblast, and Oryol Oblast
  • Temagami Magnetic Anomaly, large buried geologic structure in the Temagami region of Ontario, Canada

Biology

See also: List of congenital disorders and List of genetic disorders

• Congenital anomaly, popularly referred to as a birth defect, a disorder present at birth, the result of an inherited gene mutation, an error during morphogenesis or fetal development, or an environmental factor
  • Physical anomaly, a deformation of an anatomical structure
    • Congenital vertebral anomaly, any of several malformations of the spine in animals and infants
    • Collie eye anomaly, congenital, inherited, bilateral eye disease of dogs involving the retina, choroid, and sclera
    • Coronary artery anomaly, congenital abnormality in the coronary anatomy of the heart
    • Ebstein's anomaly, congenital heart defect in which the opening of the tricuspid valve is displaced towards the right ventricle of the heart
    • Uhl anomaly, very rare congenital heart disease with a partial or total loss of the myocardial muscle in the right ventricle
  • Genetic anomaly, a disorder whose ultimate cause is a genetic or chromosomal mutation
  • Chromosome anomaly, a disorder whose ultimate cause involves a structural error in a chromosome or an atypical number of chromosomes
• Teratology, the study of all developmental anomalies

Physics

• Anomaly (physics), a failure of a symmetry of a theory's classical action
• Conformal anomaly, a quantum phenomenon that breaks the conformal symmetry of the classical theory
• Chiral anomaly, an anomalous nonconservation of a chiral current
• Gauge anomaly, the effect of quantum mechanics that invalidates the gauge symmetry of a quantum field theory
• Global anomaly, an anomaly in quantum physics
• Gravitational anomaly, an effect in quantum mechanics that invalidates the general covariance of some theories of general relativity
• Mixed anomaly, an effect in quantum mechanics
• Parity anomaly, an anomaly that is associated with parity
• Konishi anomaly, the violation of the conservation of the Noether current associated with certain transformations
• Anomalons, some odd particle interactions that are seen in some high-energy physics
• Anomalous skin effect, when electromagnetic fields penetrate into a metal by an amount comparable to, or much less than, the mean free path. Brian Pippard used it to determine the Fermi surface of copper.
• Anomalous dispersion (optics), when the speed of an electromagnetic wave increases with increasing frequency

In science fiction

• The Tycho Magnetic Anomaly (TMA) on the Moon in the novel and in the film 2001: A Space Odyssey by Sir Arthur C. Clarke and Stanley Kubrick
• The Fortean anomaly, as in the work of Charles Fort
• Spatial anomaly, broad term in the Star Trek dramas and other works of science fiction for any sort of extraordinary disruption in the space-time continuum
• Anomaly, a rift in the space-time continuum in the television series Futurama
• Anomaly, any shortcut to hyperspace travel in Robert Heinlein's novels of the 1950s, today called wormholes
• Anomaly (comics), a villain in some DC Comics
• "Anomaly" (Star Trek: Enterprise), a 2003 episode of Star Trek: Enterprise
• Anomaly (Primeval), a time portal in the TV series Primeval
• Anomalies, small areas in the S.T.A.L.K.E.R. series of games that have various effects on the game environment
• Anomaly, a bridge to another world in His Dark Materials, series of novels by Philip Pullman
• Phobos Anomaly, a level in Doom (video game), Episode 1 Level 8
• Deimos Anomaly, a level in Doom (video game), Episode 2 Level 1
• Anomaly, an unbalanced system in the motion picture The Matrix
• Anomalies, dangerous balls of energy in the game Metro 2033
• Anomaly, something/someone that shouldn't be or exist. It's neither a human, a pure Soul Reaper or a Hollow in the anime "Bleach", Episode 326 (subtitled)

Music

• Anomaly (Ace Frehley album) an album from 2009 by Ace Frehley
• Anomalies (album), an album from 2005 by Cephalic Carnage
• Anomaly (The Hiatus album), an album from 2010 by The Hiatus
• "Anna Molly" (a word play on on the word "anomaly"), a song by Incubus
• "An Anomaly", a 2007 song by It Prevails, from the album The Inspiration
• "The Anomaly", a 2011 song by Scar Symmetry from the album The Unseen Empire
• Anomalies, Vol. 1, a compilation album by the American rock band Cave In

Other

• The Anomalies, a 2003 novel by Joey Goebel
• Anomaly detection, the process of detecting anomalies from the other, relevant data
• Anomaly in software, anything that differs from expectations, whether the expectations resulted from documentation, experiences, or otherwise
• Anomalistics, the study of scientific anomalies
• Ararat anomaly, an object on Mount Ararat in Turkey that some have claimed to be the remains of Noah's Ark
• Market anomaly, a distortion in prices in a financial market
• Anomaly (communications agency), a marketing communications agency in New York and London
• Anomaly: Warzone Earth, a real time strategy video game.

See also

• Irregular (disambiguation)
• Outlier

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. 部分肺静脈還流異常 partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection
• 2. 総肺静脈還流異常症 total anomalous pulmonary venous connection
• 3. 先天性および小児冠動脈異常 congenital and pediatric coronary artery abnormalities
• 4. Prenatal genetic evaluation of the anomalous fetus
• 5. 肺発達異常の放射線学的所見 radiographic appearance of developmental anomalies of the lung

English Journal

• Anomalous Thermal Expansion of HoCo0.5Cr0.5O3 Probed by X-ray Synchrotron Powder Diffraction.

• Hreb V1, Vasylechko L2, Mykhalichko V2, Prots Y3.
• Nanoscale research letters.Nanoscale Res Lett.2017 Dec;12(1):442. doi: 10.1186/s11671-017-2213-7. Epub 2017 Jul 5.
• PMID 28683537

• Investigation into the Anomalous Temperature Characteristics of InGaN Double Quantum Well Blue Laser Diodes Using Numerical Simulation.

• Ryu HY1.
• Nanoscale research letters.Nanoscale Res Lett.2017 Dec;12(1):366. doi: 10.1186/s11671-017-2141-6. Epub 2017 May 19.
• PMID 28532131

• Observation of Anomalous Resistance Behavior in Bilayer Graphene.

• Liu Y1,2, Lew WS2, Liu Z3.
• Nanoscale research letters.Nanoscale Res Lett.2017 Dec;12(1):48. doi: 10.1186/s11671-016-1792-z. Epub 2017 Jan 17.
• PMID 28097601

• Role of climate anomalies on decadal variation in the occurrence of wintertime haze in the Yangtze River Delta, China.

• Xu J1, Chang L2, Yan F3, He J4.
• The Science of the total environment.Sci Total Environ.2017 Dec 1;599-600:918-925. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.015. Epub 2017 May 11.
• PMID 28501016

Japanese Journal

• Electric-field manipulation of coercivity in FePt/Pb(Mg

• Liu Mingfeng,Hao Liang,Jin Tianli,Cao Jiangwei,Bai Jianmin,Wu Dongping,Wang Ying,Wei Fulin
• Appl. Phys. Express 8(6), 063006, 2015-05-26
• … The effect of electric field (E-field) on the magnetism of FePt thin films in FePt/0.7Pb(Mg<inf>1/3</inf>Nb<inf>2/3</inf>)O<inf>3</inf>–0.3PbTiO<inf>3</inf>(PMN–PT) heterostructures was investigated by anomalous Hall effect measurement. …
• NAID 150000110725

• The Role of Temperature Inversions in the Generation of Seasonal and Interannual SST Variability in the Far Northern Bay of Bengal

• Nagura Motoki,Terao Toru,Hashizume Masahiro
• Journal of Climate 28(9), 3671-3693, 2015-05-01
• … The atmospheric circulations related to these climate modes force anomalous Ekman pumping, which advects more subsurface warm water to the surface in fall and winter, resulting in anomalous mixed layer warming. … The deepening of the mixed layer entrains more subsurface warm water, which also contributes to anomalous warming. …
• NAID 120005606093

• A Trial on Detecting Fluctuations in Bulk Metallic Glass Beams by Strain Contrast Variation Method–Use of High Energy Small-Angle Scattering

• Okuda Hiroshi,Maezawa Yusuke,Yokoyama Yoshihiko [他]
• Materials transactions 56(5), 774-776, 2015-05
• NAID 40020441041

• IMAGES IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE : Combined Non-Invasive Doppler Echocardiography and Coronary Computed Tomography Lead to Diagnosis of Anomalous Left Coronary Artery From the Pulmonary Artery (ALCAPA) Syndrome

• Takemoto Kazushi,Hirata Kumiko,Tanimoto Takashi [他]
• Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society 79(5), 1136-1138, 2015-05
• NAID 40020437226

Related Pictures

---

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「ファロー四徴症」「aberrant」「defect」「unusual」「aberration」
拡張検索	「partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection」「anomalous pulmonary venous connection」「partial anomalous pulmonary venous return」

「ファロー四徴症」

　　[★]

英

tetralogy of Fallot TOF ToF TF

同

(国)Fallot四徴症

関

先天性心疾患、心奇形

まとめ

• 肺動脈狭窄、心室中隔欠損、大動脈騎乗、右室肥大が四徴とされており、漏斗部中隔が右前方へ偏位したために生じた大きな心室中隔欠損と漏斗部狭窄が病態の核心である。出生後は体重増加正常であるが、生後数ヶ月後より徐々にチアノーゼが出現、次第に増悪していく。無酸素発作が出現するようになり、小児期には蹲踞の姿勢をとるようになる。聴診上、2-3LSBに駆出性雑音を聴取、またII音は単一II音として聴取される。低酸素血症の持続により、バチ指、多血症、鉄欠乏性貧血を来す。治療は鉄欠乏性貧血に対して鉄材内服、無酸素発作に対して胸膝位、酸素投与、モルヒネ、βブロッカーとし、予防的にβブロッカーを投与する。手術療法としては1歳頃までに頻回の失神発作、無酸素発作をきたす例に対して、Blalock-Taussig手術を施行、1-3歳頃に根治的に心内修復術(心室中隔欠損の閉鎖、肺動脈の拡張/右室流出路形成)を行う。合併症として脳血栓、脳膿瘍、感染性心内膜炎に留意する。(文献(2) YN.C-121 SPE.452)

原因

• 発生の過程で、円錐動脈管中隔(漏斗中隔)が前方に変位　→　円錐の不等分割 (L.225)
• 22q11の微少な欠損が関係する (PHD.391)

22q11.2欠失症候群 CATCH22

四徴

• 心室中隔欠損、肺動脈狭窄、大動脈騎乗、右室肥大

病態

肺動脈狭窄

• 右室に圧負荷→右室肥大

• (左室の心筋収縮による駆出圧が、心室中隔欠損により右室壁に加わる)

PSと大動脈騎乗を伴う心室中隔欠損

• 肺動脈狭窄と大動脈騎乗(当然VSD)により右左シャントがおきる　→　中心性チアノーゼ、低酸素血症による多血症、鉄欠乏性貧血、指

疫学

• 9.6/10000出生。 5/10,000 live births(PHD.391)
• 心奇形を合併しうる (PHD.391)

• 右側大動脈弓 right-sided aortic arch(25% of patient)
• 心房中隔欠損 ASD(10% of patient)
• anomalous origin of the left coronary artery

症状

• 息切れ、易刺激性、チアノーゼ、頻呼吸、ときに失神、痙攣。無酸素発作

• 運動時、食事、哺乳　→　全身の血管が拡張　→　肺血管抵抗　＞＞　全身血管抵抗　→　↑右左シャント　→　チアノーゼ
• 子供は全身の血管抵抗を上げるためにしゃがむようになる(蹲踞)。大腿の血管が圧排されて全身血管抵抗が上がる　→　↓右左シャント　→　↓チアノーゼ
• 中心性チアノーゼ(生後2-3ヶ月)　→　無酸素発作(生後6ヶ月)　→　蹲踞の姿勢(2歳以降)

無酸素発作/低酸素発作：生後、3-4ヶ月移行、急に多呼吸になりチアノーゼが増強。呼吸困難、意識消失を来す。午前中の覚醒時に起きることが多い。右室流出路狭窄の増強が引き金となり、肺血流の低下が起こる。3ヶ月頃から出現。

身体所見

• バチ指：低酸素血症の持続による

聴診 PHD.393

• RV heave：右室肥大
• 単一II音 ←　肺動脈への駆出路が狭窄しており、かつ肺動脈弁は低形成であるためP2成分は小さく聴取できない。そのためA2成分のみS2として聴くことになる。
• 左右の胸骨縁に収縮期雑音：右室の駆出路で乱流が発生することで生じる(肺動脈までの流路が狭窄しているから)

• 最強点：

• 2LSB：肺動脈弁狭窄
• 3LSB：漏斗部狭窄

• 心室中隔欠損症 VSDによる雑音は生じない。欠損している部分が大きすぎるため

検査

胸部単純X線写真

• 心陰影は正常/やや小さい　←　拡大はない
• 木靴心：左第二弓陥凹、左第四弓突出
• 肺血管陰影の減弱

心エコー

• 大動脈騎乗、心室中隔欠損、右室内腔拡大

[show details]

心電図

• 右室肥大所見(high RV1, deep SV6)

心カテーテル検査

• 診断目的のみに施行することはない

右室造影

• 術前検査に有用

治療

• 全ての症例が手術適応

内科療法

• 多血症：Ht>60%で注意、>70%で危険なので、瀉血を行う。 (PED.919)

薬物療法

• 鉄欠乏性貧血、無酸素発作の予防が目的。
• 無酸素発作：(治療)胸膝位、酸素投与、モルヒネ、βブロッカー、アシドーシス補正の補液。(予防)βブロッカー　　　⇔　　　禁忌：β刺激薬　→　漏斗部狭窄(肺動脈弁下狭窄)を増強させてしまう

治療

βブロッカー：右室流出路狭窄の改善

モルヒネ：鎮静、漏斗部のspasm解除。末梢血管の拡張、静脈還流量減少？　　←　　塩酸モルヒネ/ペチロルファンを用いる(PED.918)

アシドーシス補正の補液：重炭酸を含む輸液

予防

塩酸プロプラノロール/塩酸カルテオロール (PED.918)

手術療法

• 新生児期において動脈管依存性の重症例では、プロスタグランジンE1の持続投与を行い、ブラロック・タウシグ手術(Blalock-Taussig手術)を行う。(ガイドライン1)。
• 動脈管非依存性の場合、1歳頃に頻回の失神発作、無酸素発作をきたす例に対して(YN.C-122)、内科的に無酸素発作のコントロールが困難な症例や著しい肺動脈低形成に対してブラロック・タウシグ手術を行う(ガイドライン1)。
• 1-2歳(ガイドライン1)/1-3歳(YN.C-122)頃に、根治的に心内修復術(心室中隔欠損の閉鎖、肺動脈の拡張/右室流出路形成)を行う。

合併症

• 脳血栓、脳膿瘍、感染性心内膜炎

ガイドライン

• 1. 先天性心疾患の診断、病態把握、治療選択のための検査法の選択ガイドライン

http://www.j-circ.or.jp/guideline/pdf/JCS2010_hamaoka_h.pdf

国試

• 105D012、104A026

症例

• 2歳男児。運動後にチアノーゼが見られるため来院した。家族の話によると、うずくまっていることが多くなってきたという。胸骨左縁第2肋間に駆出性収縮期雑音を聴取する。

「aberrant」

　　[★]

ab 'away, from' + errare 'to stray' -> aberrant 'wandering away'

• adj.

• 正道をはずれた、軌道を逸した。あやまった。(生)異常型の。(医)異所性の、迷入性の

Autosomal dominant dRTA results from mutations involving the chloride-bicarbonate exchanger AE1, the gateway for bicarbonate exit into the blood. Anion exchange by the mutant AE1 is normal, but aberrant targeting of AE1 from the basal to apical plasma membrane is believed to cause bicarbonate loss into the urine instead of recovery.(HIM.1085)

• n.

• 正道をはずれたもの、軌道を逸した人。あやまち。(生)異常型。(医)異所性、迷入性

関

aberrantly、aberration、abnormal、abnormality、abnormally、anomalous、anomalously、anomaly、defect、deviant、dystopia、ectopia、erratic、erratically、extraordinarily、extraordinary、heterotropic、unusual、unusually

　 　 　

「defect」

　　[★]

• n.

• 欠損、欠損症、異常、欠陥、欠点

関

aberrant、aberrantly、aberration、abnormal、abnormality、abnormally、absence、agenesis、anomalous、anomalously、anomaly、defective、deficiency、deficient、deficit、deletion、deletional、deviant、drawback、extraordinarily、extraordinary、fault、flaw、inadequacy、miss、missing、morphological defect、shortcoming、unusual、unusually、weakness

　 　 　 　 　

「unusual」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 普通でない、異常な、並はずれた、聞き慣れない、珍しい、変わった。

it is not unusual for CK levels to remain elevated in the absence of myoglobinuria.(よくある or 珍しいことではない)

関

aberrant, aberrantly, aberration, abnormal, abnormality, abnormally, anomalous, anomalously, anomaly, defect, deviant, extraordinarily, extraordinary, rare, uncommon, unique, unusually

　 　 　

「aberration」

　　[★]

• n.

• 正道を外れること/常道を逸すること。逸脱。異常な性行為。(医)迷錯、精神異常。(生)異常型、かわりもの(sport)

関

aberrant, aberrantly, abnormal, abnormality, abnormally, anomalous, anomalously, anomaly, defect, departure, deviant, deviate, deviation, diverge, escape, extraordinarily, extraordinary, prolapse, unusual, unusually

　 　 　

「partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection」

　　[★] 部分肺静脈還流異常症 部分肺静脈還流異常 PAPVC

「anomalous pulmonary venous connection」

　　[★]

肺静脈還流異常

関

anomalous pulmonary venous drainage

「partial anomalous pulmonary venous return」

　　[★] 部分肺静脈還流異常症