absence

• n.

• 非存在、欠如、欠くこと、ないこと、欠神、欠損症

関

absent、defect、deficiency、lack、morphological defect、nonexistent

　 　 　 　 　

WordNet

1. failure to be present
2. the occurrence of an abrupt, transient loss or impairment of consciousness (which is not subsequently remembered), sometimes with light twitching, fluttering eyelids, etc.; common in petit mal epilepsy (同)absence_seizure
3. the state of being absent; "he was surprised by the absence of any explanation"
4. the time interval during which something or somebody is away; "he visited during my absence"
5. desert (a cause, a country or an army), often in order to join the opposing cause, country, or army; "If soldiers deserted Hitlers army, they were shot" (同)desert
6. an imperfection in an object or machine; "a flaw caused the crystal to shatter"; "if there are any defects you should send it back to the manufacturer" (同)fault, flaw
7. an imperfection in a bodily system; "visual defects"; "this device permits detection of defects in the lungs"
8. a failing or deficiency; "that interpretation is an unfortunate defect of our lack of information" (同)shortcoming
9. the state of needing something that is absent or unavailable; "there is a serious lack of insight into the problem"; "water is the critical deficiency in desert regions"; "for want of a nail the shoe was lost" (同)deficiency, want
10. not being in a specified place
11. lost in thought; showing preoccupation; "an absent stare"; "an absentminded professor"; "the scatty glancing quality of a hyperactive but unfocused intelligence" (同)absentminded, abstracted, scatty
12. go away or leave; "He absented himself" (同)remove
13. not having existence or being or actuality; "chimeras are nonexistent"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈U〉〈C〉『るす』,不在;『欠席』;不在期間;(…を)欠席すること《+『from』+『名』》 / 〈U〉(…が)『ないこと』,(…の)欠如(lacking)《+『of』+『名』》
2. 〈C〉『欠点』,弱点,欠陥 / 〈U〉〈C〉《古》不足,欠乏 / (国・党・主義などから)離脱する,裏切って出る《+『from』+『名』》;離反して(…に)転向する《+『to』+『名』》
3. …‘を'『欠く』,‘が'ない(受動態にできない) / (…になるまでに)…‘だけ'不足する《+『名』+『of』[『being』]+『名』》 / 〈U〉《時にa~》(必要なものの)『欠乏』,不足;(…が)ないこと《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉欠けて(不足して)いるもの
4. 『欠席した』,るすの,不在の / (物が)欠けている,ない / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》『放心した』 / (…から)〈人〉'を'欠席させる《+『名』+『from』+『名』》
5. 〈U〉〈C〉(…の)(量・額などの)不足,欠乏《+『of』(『in』)+『名』》 / 〈C〉不足分,不足量,不足額 / 〈C〉(精神・肉体などの)欠陥
6. 実在しない,想像上(架空)の(unreal)
7. 休暇[の期間]

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/06/06 06:45:23」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

"Absence" redirects here. For other uses, see Absence (disambiguation).

Absenteeism is a habitual pattern of absence from a duty or obligation. Traditionally, absenteeism has been viewed as an indicator of poor individual performance, as well as a breach of an implicit contract between employee and employer; it was seen as a management problem, and framed in economic or quasi-economic terms. More recent scholarship seeks to understand absenteeism as an indicator of psychological, medical, or social adjustment to work.

Workplace

"So You're not coming in Tomorrow Bud"

High absenteeism in the workplace may be indicative of poor morale, but absences can also be caused by workplace hazards or sick building syndrome. Many employers use statistics such as the Bradford factor that do not distinguish between genuine illness and absence for inappropriate reasons.

As a result, many employees feel obliged to come to work while ill, and transmit communicable diseases to their co-workers. This leads to even greater absenteeism and reduced productivity among other workers who try to work while ill. Work forces often excuse absenteeism caused by medical reasons if the worker supplies a doctor's note or other form of documentation. Sometimes, people choose not to show up for work and do not call in advance, which businesses may find to be unprofessional and inconsiderate. This is called a "no call, no show". According to Nelson & Quick (2008) people who are dissatisfied with their jobs are absent more frequently. They went on to say that the type of dissatisfaction that most often leads employees to miss work is dissatisfaction with the work itself.

The psychological model that discusses this is the "withdrawal model", which assumes that absenteeism represents individual withdrawal from dissatisfying working conditions. This finds empirical support in a negative association between absence and job satisfaction, especially satisfaction with the work itself.

Medical-based understanding of absenteeism find support in research that links absenteeism with smoking, problem drinking, low back pain, and migraines. Absence ascribed to medical causes is often still, at least in part, voluntary. Research shows that over one trillion dollars is lost annually due to productivity shortages as a result of medical-related absenteeism, and that increased focus on preventative wellness could reduce these costs. The line between psychological and medical causation is blurry, given that there are positive links between both work stress and depression and absenteeism. Depressive tendencies may lie behind some of the absence ascribed to poor physical health, as with adoption of a "culturally approved sick role". This places the adjective "sickness" before the word "absence", and carries a burden of more proof than is usually offered.

Evidence indicates that absence is generally viewed as "mildly deviant workplace behavior". For example, people tend to hold negative stereotypes of absentees, under report their own absenteeism, and believe their own attendance record is better than that of their peers. Negative attributions about absence then bring about three outcomes: the behavior is open to social control, sensitive to social context, and is a potential source of workplace conflict.

Thomas suggests that there tends to be a higher level of stress with people who work with or interact with a narcissist, which in turn increases absenteeism and staff turnover.

See also

• Organizational Justice
• Presenteeism
• Saint Monday
• See a man about a dog

Notes

References

• Hanebuth, Dirk (2008) "Background of absenteeism" in K. Heinitz (ed.) Psychology in Organizations - Issues from an applied area. Peter Lang: Frankfurt. p. 115-134.
• Johns, Gary (2007) "absenteeism" in George Ritzer (ed.) The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology, Blackwell Publishing, 2007.
• Mc Clenney, Mary Ann, "A Study of the Relationship Between Absenteeism and Job Satisfaction, Certain Personal Characteristics, and Situational Factors for Employees in a Public Agency" (1992). Applied Research Projects. Paper 241

External links

• dhs.net.au

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 小児におけるてんかん症候群 epilepsy syndromes in children
• 2. 成人における初回痙攣発作の評価 evaluation of the first seizure in adults
• 3. 若年性ミオクローヌスてんかん juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
• 4. 痙攣発作およびてんかんの病態生理 pathophysiology of seizures and epilepsy
• 5. 小児における痙攣およびてんかん症候群の治療の概要 overview of the treatment of seizures and epileptic syndromes in children

English Journal

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• Prywer J, Torzewska A.SourceInstitute of Physics, Technical University of Lodz, ul. Wolcza?ska 219, 93-005 Lodz, Poland.
• Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM.Evid Based Complement Alternat Med.2012;2012:862794. Epub 2011 Jul 25.
• We investigated the activity of curcumin against Proteus mirabilis and the struvite crystallization in relation to urinary stones formation. In order to evaluate an activity of curcumin we performed an in vitro experiment of struvite growth from artificial urine. The crystallization process was indu
• PMID 21808656

• Physical features of ultrasound assisted enzymatic degradation of recalcitrant organic pollutants.

• Patidar R, Khanna S, Moholkar VS.SourceDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India.
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• A polyol synthesis of silver nanoparticles in the presence of ultrasonic irradiation was compared with other configurations (at ambient temperature, 120°C, and 120°C with injected solutions) in the absence of ultrasonic irradiation in order to obtain systematic results for morphology and size dist
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Japanese Journal

• シクロデキストリンを用いたスピロピラン誘導体の2光子イオン化

• 原 道寛,HARA Michihiro,大井 友之,OOI Tomoyuki
• 41, 375-380, 2011-08-04T04:48:45Z
• … Transient absorption measurement using 266-nm laser flash photolysis technique was performed with regard to 1',3',3'-Trimethylspiro[1(2H)-benzopyran]-2,2'-indoline：（SP）in the absence and presence of cyclodextrins (CDs) in water solvent. …
• NAID 120003240446

• シクロデキストリン存在下におけるナフタレンのレーザー2光子イオン化

• 原 道寛,HARA Michihiro,鎌田 裕久,KAMADA Hirohisa
• 41, 369-374, 2011-08-04T04:37:05Z
• … Formation and decay of naphthalene (NP) radical cation and solvated electron during resonant two-photon ionizations (TPI) of NP in the absence and presence of cyclodextrins were studied with transient absorption measurement using 266-nm laser flash photolysis technique. …
• NAID 120003240445

• Comparison of changes in the pelvis and pelvic floor muscle function between normal pregnant women and pregnant women with cervical incompetence

• Natori Hatsumi,Hirata Toshie,Simada Keiko,Hirata Shuji
• 金沢大学つるま保健学会誌 35(1), 27-35, 2011-07-31
• … The relative values ofintercristal, interspinous and intertrochanteric diameters at stage 4 based on stage 1in normal pregnant women were 1.02, 1.02 and 1.01, respectively, while those inpregnant women with cervical incompetence were 1.02 at all three sites.Conclusion : This study suggested that widening of the pelvis associated withpregnancy is a phenomenon that occurs regardless of the presence or absence ofabnormality during the course of the pregnancy. …
• NAID 120003239441

Related Links

• absence - ウィクショナリー日本語版

absence. 出典: フリー多機能辞典『ウィクショナリー日本語版（Wiktionary）』. 移動 ： 案内, 検索. 目次. 1 英語. 1.1 発音; 1.2 名詞; 1.3 熟語 ... [編集] 熟語. in the absence of. ～がないときは. [編集] 関連語. absent. [編集] フランス語 ...

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Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「defect」「deficiency」「lack」「欠損症」「absent」
拡張検索	「juvenile absence epilepsy」「epileptic absence」「absence of aortic arch」

「defect」

　　[★]

• n.

• 欠損、欠損症、異常、欠陥、欠点

関

aberrant、aberrantly、aberration、abnormal、abnormality、abnormally、absence、agenesis、anomalous、anomalously、anomaly、defective、deficiency、deficient、deficit、deletion、deletional、deviant、drawback、extraordinarily、extraordinary、fault、flaw、inadequacy、miss、missing、morphological defect、shortcoming、unusual、unusually、weakness

　 　 　 　 　

「deficiency」

　　[★]

• n.

• 不足、欠乏、欠失、欠如、欠損、不十分。栄養不足、栄養素欠乏、欠乏症。(遺伝子)(染色体内の)遺伝子欠失
• 欠けているもの、不足している物。不足分。不完全なもの、欠点のあるもの

関

absence, agenesis, dearth, defect, defective, deficient, deficit, delete, deletion, deletional, depletion, deprivation, deprive, lack, miss, missing, morphological defect, paucity, scarce, scarcity, starve

　

「lack」

　　[★]

• n.

• 欠乏、不足、欠如

• v.

• 欠乏する、欠く

関

absence、absent、dearth、defective、deficiency、deficient、deficit、depletion、deprivation、deprive、devoid、in short、insufficiency、insufficient、paucity、scarce、scarcity、short、shortage、shortness、starve

　 　

「欠損症」

　　[★]

英

defect、deficiency、absence、morphological defect

関

異常、欠失、欠神、欠損、欠点、欠乏、欠乏症、欠乏性、非存在、ないこと、欠くこと、欠如、欠陥、形態異常

「absent」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 非存在の、欠く、欠席している

関

absence、default、defective、deficient、devoid、lack、nonexistent

　 　 　 　

「juvenile absence epilepsy」

　　[★]

若年性欠神てんかん

関

absence epilepsy、absence seizure、childhood absence epilepsy、petit mal epilepsy

「epileptic absence」

　　[★]

欠神発作、欠神てんかん

関

absence epilepsy、absence seizure、absence status

「absence of aortic arch」

　　[★] 大動脈弓離断症。大動脈弓欠損症