formation

• n.

• 形成、成立、編成、組成、構造

関

architecture、composition、configure、conformation、constitution、form、makeup、orchestrate、organization、structure

　 　 　 　 　 　

WordNet

1. natural process that causes something to form; "the formation of gas in the intestine"; "the formation of crystals"; "the formation of pseudopods"
2. the act of fabricating something in a particular shape (同)shaping
3. a particular spatial arrangement
4. creation by mental activity; "the formation of sentences"; "the formation of memories"
5. an arrangement of people or things acting as a unit; "a defensive formation"; "a formation of planes"
6. develop into a distinctive entity; "our plans began to take shape" (同)take form, take shape, spring
7. assume a form or shape; "the water formed little beads"
8. the visual appearance of something or someone; "the delicate cast of his features" (同)shape, cast
9. a mold for setting concrete; "they built elaborate forms for pouring the foundation"
10. a particular mode in which something is manifested; "his resentment took the form of extreme hostility"
11. a perceptual structure; "the composition presents problems for students of musical form"; "a visual pattern must include not only objects but the spaces between them" (同)shape, pattern
12. (biology) a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups; "a new strain of microorganisms" (同)variant, strain, var.
13. the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something; "the inflected forms of a word can be represented by a stem and a list of inflections to be attached" (同)word form, signifier, descriptor
14. a printed document with spaces in which to write; "he filled out his tax form"
15. an ability to perform well; "he was at the top of his form"; "the team was off form last night"
16. an arrangement of the elements in a composition or discourse; "the essay was in the form of a dialogue"; "he first sketches the plot in outline form"
17. to compose or represent:"This wall forms the background of the stage setting"; "The branches made a roof"; "This makes a fine introduction" (同)constitute, make
18. create (as an entity); "social groups form everywhere"; "They formed a company" (同)organize, organise
19. give a structure to; "I need to structure my days"
20. a thing constructed; a complex entity constructed of many parts; "the structure consisted of a series of arches"; "she wore her hair in an amazing construction of whirls and ribbons" (同)construction
21. the manner of construction of something and the arrangement of its parts; "artists must study the structure of the human body"; "the structure of the benzene molecule"
22. a particular complex anatomical part of a living thing; "he has good bone structure" (同)anatomical structure, complex body part, bodily structure, body structure
23. the complex composition of knowledge as elements and their combinations; "his lectures have no structure"
24. a mixture of ingredients
25. the spatial property resulting from the arrangement of parts in relation to each other and to the whole; "harmonious composition is essential in a serious work of art" (同)composing
26. something that is created by arranging several things to form a unified whole; "he envied the composition of their faculty"
27. an essay (especially one written as an assignment); "he got an A on his composition" (同)paper, report, theme
28. the way in which someone or something is composed (同)composition, physical composition, makeup, make-up
29. the act of forming or establishing something; "the constitution of a PTA group last year"; "it was the establishment of his reputation"; "he still remembers the organization of the club" (同)establishment, formation, organization, organisation
30. a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches (同)Protestant Reformation

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈U〉(…の)『形成』,構成,育成《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉形成されたもの,構成物;(その)構造,組織 / 〈U〉〈C〉隊形,陣形
2. 〈C〉〈U〉(色・材質に対して)『形』,形状,姿 / 〈C〉『人体』,体つき / 〈C〉〈U〉『外観』,格好,人影 / 〈C〉〈U〉(ものの現れる)『形態』,形式 / 〈C〉(生物などの)『種類』,品種 / 〈U〉(芸術作品の)表現形式 / 〈U〉(特にスポーツで)(競技者の)フォーム / 〈U〉(心身の)調子,元気 / 〈C〉(印刷された)書き込み用紙,ひな形 / 〈U〉《話》(ある集団などの)やり方,仕方,方式 / 〈C〉〈U〉しきたり,伝統的な儀式 / 〈C〉(英国の学校・米国のある学校で)学年,学級 / 〈U〉〈C〉(意味に対する)形態,形;語形 / 〈C〉(通例寄りかかりのない)長い木のいす / 〈素材〉‘に'形を与える,(…に)…‘を'形作る《+『名』+『into』+『名』》 / (素材から)…‘を'形作る《+『名』+『out of』+『名』》 / …‘を'組織する,構成する / 〈考えなど〉‘を'まとめる,思い付く;〈計画など〉‘を'立てる / 〈習慣など〉‘を'身に付ける;〈交際など〉‘を'結ぶ / 〈文章など〉‘を'組み立てる;〈複数形など〉‘を'作る / (ある順序に)配列する,整列させる / 〈物が〉形を成す / 生じる,現れる / (…に)なる《+『into』+『名』》
3. {C}(建物・橋などの)建造物 / {U}(…の)構造,誠成,組織《+of~名》 / {C}構造(構成)体,組織体 / 〈思想など〉‘を'組み立てる,組織化する
4. 〈U〉(文学・美術・音楽作品などの)『創作』,制作[法];『作文』,『作曲』,〈C〉作品,楽曲 / 〈U〉(混合物などの)『成分』《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉〈U〉(人の)気質,性質,性分(constitution) / 〈U〉(文学作品・音楽作品などの)構成,構想,(絵画などの)構図《+『of』+『名』》 / (またcompo)〈C〉混合物,合成物 / 〈U〉(活字の)植字,組み
5. 〈U〉(物の)『構成』,構造《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉〈U〉『体格』,体質,性分質,気質 / 〈C〉政体 / 〈C〉『憲法』,国憲 / 《the C-》合衆国憲法 / 〈U〉(制度などの)制定…(機関なとの)設立

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/01/11 16:44:43」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Formation may refer to:

Linguistics

• Back-formation, the process of creating a new lexeme by removing affixes
• Word formation, the creation of a new word

Mathematics and science

• Cave formation or speleothem, a secondary mineral deposit formed in a cave
• Class formation, a topological group acting on a module satisfying certain conditions
• Formation constant, an equilibrium constant for the formation of a complex in solution
• Formation enthalpy, standard heat of formation of a compound
• Formation (group theory), a class of groups
• Formation (geology), a formally named rock stratum or geological unit
• Formation of rocks, how rocks are formed
• Formation and evolution of the Solar System, history of the Solar System
• Rock formation, an isolated, scenic, or spectacular surface rock outcrop
• Vegetation formation, a concept used to classify vegetation communities

Military

• Formation flying, the disciplined flight of two or more aircraft under the command of a flight leader
• Formation (military), a high-level military organization
• Tactical formation, the arrangement or deployment of moving military forces

Music

• Formation Records, a record label headed by DJ SS
• "Formation" (song), a song by American singer Beyoncé on her 2016 album Lemonade
• The Formation World Tour, concert tour by Beyoncé for her album Lemonade

Religion

• Formations or Saṅkhāra, an important Buddhist concept
• Formation (Catholic), the personal preparation that the Catholic Church offers to people with a defined mission

Sports

• Formation (association football), how team players are positioned on the pitch
• Formation (American football), the in which positions players line up before the start of a down
• Formation dance, a style of ballroom dancing
• Formation finish, a staged motor-race finish in which multiple vehicles of the same team cross the finish line together

Other

• Contract formation in law; an offer, acceptance, consideration, and a mutual intent to be bound
• Formation 8, an American venture capital firm in San Francisco, California
• Formation level, the native material underneath a constructed road, pavement or railway
• Formation of a coalition government, led by a formateur
• Formation water, water that is produced as a byproduct during oil and gas production

See also

• All pages beginning with "Formation"
• All pages with titles containing Formation
• Form (disambiguation)

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. 糸球体半月体形成の機序 mechanisms of glomerular crescent formation
• 2. 骨格の正常な発達および骨形成ならびに骨吸収の調節 normal skeletal development and regulation of bone formation and resorption
• 3. 術後の腹膜癒着の予防 preventing postoperative peritoneal adhesions
• 4. 感染性心内膜炎における疣贅形成の病態 pathogenesis of vegetation formation in infective endocarditis
• 5. 骨代謝の生理学および生化学的マーカー bone physiology and biochemical markers of bone turnover

English Journal

• The relationship between the violet pigment PP-V production and intracellular ammonium level in Penicillium purpurogenum.

• Kojima R1, Arai T2, Matsufuji H3,1, Kasumi T2,1, Watanabe T2,1, Ogihara J4,5.
• AMB Express.AMB Express.2016 Dec;6(1):43. doi: 10.1186/s13568-016-0215-y. Epub 2016 Jul 2.
• Penicillium purpurogenum is the fungus that produces an azaphilone pigment. However, details about the pigment biosynthesis pathway are unknown. The violet pigment PP-V is the one of the main pigments biosynthesized by this fungus. This pigment contains an amino group in a pyran ring as its core str
• PMID 27368914

• Metabolome analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and optimization of culture medium for S-adenosyl-L-methionine production.

• Hayakawa K1,2, Matsuda F1, Shimizu H3.
• AMB Express.AMB Express.2016 Dec;6(1):38. doi: 10.1186/s13568-016-0210-3. Epub 2016 Jun 9.
• S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) is a fine chemical used as a nutritional supplement and a prescription drug. It is industrially produced using Saccharomyces cerevisiae owing to its high SAM content. To investigate the optimization of culture medium components for higher SAM production, metabolome anal
• PMID 27277079

• Global changes in the proteome of Cupriavidus necator H16 during poly-(3-hydroxybutyrate) synthesis from various biodiesel by-product substrates.

• Sharma PK1, Fu J1, Spicer V2,3, Krokhin OV3, Cicek N1, Sparling R4, Levin DB5.
• AMB Express.AMB Express.2016 Dec;6(1):36. doi: 10.1186/s13568-016-0206-z. Epub 2016 May 17.
• Synthesis of poly-[3-hydroxybutyrate] (PHB) by Cupriavidus necator H16 in batch cultures was evaluated using three biodiesel-derived by-products as the sole carbon sources: waste glycerol (REG-80, refined to 80 % purity with negligible free fatty acids); glycerol bottom (REG-GB, with up to 65 % gl
• PMID 27184362

• Mycelial pellet formation by edible ascomycete filamentous fungi, Neurospora intermedia.

• Nair RB1, Lennartsson PR2, Taherzadeh MJ2.
• AMB Express.AMB Express.2016 Dec;6(1):31. doi: 10.1186/s13568-016-0203-2. Epub 2016 Apr 22.
• Pellet formation of filamentous fungi in submerged culture is an imperative topic of fermentation research. In this study, we report for the first time the growth of filamentous ascomycete fungus, Neurospora intermedia in its mycelial pellet form. In submerged culture, the growth morphology of the f
• PMID 27103628

Japanese Journal

• Granular experiments of thrust wedges: Insights relevant to methane hydrate exploration at the Nankai accretionary prism

• Yamada Yasuhiro,Baba Kei,Miyakawa Ayumu,Matsuoka Toshifumi
• Marine and Petroleum Geology 51, 34-48, 2014-03
• … Expulsion of formation fluids is significant during the prism accretion process, and the migration of these methane-bearing fluids exerts a strong control on the accumulation of hydrates. … Active frontal thrusting suggests that formation fluids generally migrate from deep within the prism to the deformation front, but may move along reactivated older faults. …
• NAID 120005357338

• ゲル状嚥下訓練食の開発研究 ゲルを形成する食品ハイドロコロイドの機能特性(2)液体に近い液状ゼリーから固体に近い固形状ゲルの機器測定値と感覚特性値の関連性 : 咀嚼・食塊形成と食塊の咽頭残留および誤嚥の影響

• 渡瀬 峰男
• 食品工業 57(2), 79-84, 2014-01-30
• NAID 40019931884

• 高齢者の柔軟な時間就労のための時間Mosaic形成支援システム

• 中山 真里,檜山 敦,三浦 貴大,矢冨 直美,廣瀬 通孝
• 情報処理学会論文誌 55(1), 177-188, 2014-01-15
• 超高齢社会が到来した日本国内には,就労意欲に満ちた元気高齢者が多く存在する.彼らの能力を活かして就労機会を創出していくために,複数人の労働力を合成して1人のバーチャルな就労者を合成するMosaic型就労が提案されている.本研究では,柔軟な時間就労における安定的な労働力供給を実現するため,時間Mosaic型就労に着目する.特に,不規則な時間就労形態として農業に従事する高齢者グループを対象に,時間Mo …
• NAID 110009660246

• Transplantation of insulin-secreting multicellular spheroids for the treatment of type 1 diabetes in mice.

• Kusamori Kosuke,Nishikawa Makiya,Mizuno Narumi,Nishikawa Tomoko,Masuzawa Akira,Shimizu Kazunori,Konishi Satoshi,Takahashi Yuki,Takakura Yoshinobu
• Journal of controlled release 173, 119-124, 2014-01-10
• … The efficacy of cell-based therapy depends on the function and survival of transplanted cells, which have been suggested to be enhanced by spheroid formation. …
• NAID 120005353503

Related Pictures

---

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「100Cases 96」「form」「structure」「constitution」「構造」
拡張検索	「cellular transformation」「PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism」

「100Cases 96」

　　[★]

96

35歳　女性

【主訴】息切れ

【現病歴】6ヶ月から次第に増悪する息切れを訴え来院。息切れは進行しており、今では同年代の人に比べ階段を登ったり平地を歩くのがおそい。3ヶ月間空咳が出現してきている。

【既往歴】喘息(子供の頃、中等度)

【家族歴】父：40歳時に胸部疾患(chest problem)で死亡(と、この患者は思いこんでいる)。

【服用薬】パラセタモール。やせ薬は過去に使ったことがある

【嗜好歴】タバコ：吸わない。飲酒：週に10 units以下。

【職業歴】印刷会社(学校卒業後ずっと)

【生活歴】8歳と10歳の子供がいる。ペットとして自宅にネコとウサギを飼育している。

【身体所見】

バチ指、貧血、チアノーゼは認めない。心血管系正常。呼吸器系で、両側性に肺拡張能低下。胸部打診音、および触覚振盪音は正常。聴診上、両肺の肺底部に呼気終期年発音を聴取する。

【検査所見】

呼吸機能試験

測定値 予測値

FEV1(L) 3.0 3.6-4.2

FVC(L) 3.6 4.5-5.3

FER(FEV1/FVC)(%) 83 75-80

PEF(L/min) 470 450-550

胸部単純X線写真

胸部単純CT(肺野条件)

Q1　診断は？Q2　追加の検査と治療法

(解説)

・6ヶ月から次第に増悪する息切れ

　・本当に6ヶ月から息切れが始まったかは分からない！！実際にはもっと前から存在する可能性を考えよう。

・喘息の既往歴　→　また喘息か・・・

　・聴診上笛音 weezingなく、また呼吸機能検査で閉塞性肺障害は認められず否定的

・職業性喘息　←　肺の疾患では職業歴が重要なんだよ、うん。

　・職業に関連した特定の物質に曝露され引き起こされる気管支喘息。

　・気管支喘息だと閉塞性換気障害でしょっ。

・本症例の病態

　・拘束性病変(restrictive problem)：拡張制限　＋　ラ音(呼気時に閉鎖していた気道の再開通によるラ音。このラ音は(1)肺が硬い＋(2)肺容量低下による起こるんじゃ)

・呼吸機能検査の結果

　・中等度の拘束性換気障害(FEV1とFVCの低下、slightly high ratio)

　　→　硬い肺と胸郭を示唆している　→　肺コンプライアンス低下じゃな。

　　→　拡散能低下が予想される。

・胸部単純X線写真

　・小さい肺野、中肺野～下肺野にかけて結節性網状陰影(nodular and reticular shadowing)を認める　←　教科書的には「線状網状影」

・HRCT

　・胸膜下嚢胞形成(subspleural cyst formationの直訳。教科書的には「胸膜直下の蜂巣肺所見」)を伴う線維化

これらの所見→diffusing pulmonary fibrosis(fibrosing alveolitis)

・肺の線維化病変を見たら限局性かびまん性かを見なさい！マジで？

　・びまん性：diffuse fine pulmonary fibrosis

　　・原因：膠原病、薬剤性、中毒性、特発性

　・限局性：例えば肺炎感染後の瘢痕

・IPF

　・まれに家族性の病型有　→　本症例で父がchest problemで無くなっている事と関連があるかもしらん。

　・IPFの良くある病型：UIP　＋　CT上胸膜下に認められる蜂巣肺

　・膠原病に合併する場合、NSIPの様に広い範囲に斑状の病変が出現

　・CT上、ground glass shadowingに見える所はactive cellular alveolitisであり、反応に反応する確率が高いことと関連している。

・追加の検査の目的：原因と合併症の検索、肺生検施行の有無を決定

　・肺生検：経気管支鏡生検は試料が少ないために負荷。VATは良く使用されており、若年の肺組織を得るのに適切な方法。

・治療

　・低用量～中等量の副腎皮質ステロイド　±　免疫抑制薬(アザチオプリン)：数ヶ月経過観察し、反応性を観察。

　　・UIP症例でこのレジメンに対する反応性は乏しく、治療による利益より重大な副作用を起こさないことが重要

　・アセチルシステイン：anti-oxidant

　　・予後を改善するというエビデンス有り

　　・ステロイド＋アザチオプリン＋アセチルシステインというレジメンで用いられることがある

　・肺移植

　　・本症例の様にナウでヤングな患者には適応を考慮しても良い

・予後

　・疾患の進展速度は症例により様々

　・6ヶ月で死亡する急性増悪も起こることがある。

　　Progression rates are variable and an acute aggressive form with death in 6 months can occur.

　・UIP症例では多くの場合2～3年かけて確実に進行していく。

■glossary

clubbing n. バチ指

restrictive ventilatory defect 拘束性換気障害

transfer factor = 拡散能/拡散能力 diffusion capacity

subpleural bleb 胸膜下嚢胞

diffuse fine pulmonary fibrosis びまん性微細肺線維症

warrant vt. (正式)(SVO/doing)S(事)からするとO(事)は「～することは」当然のことである(justify)

relevant adj. 直接的に関連する、関連性のある(to)

ground glass すりガラス

'ground glass' shadowingすりガラス陰影

「form」

　　[★]

• n.

• 形、型、形態、フォーム、形式、(分類学)品種、

Progression rates are variable and an acute aggressive form with death in 6 months can occur.(疾患の進展速度は症例により様々で、6ヶ月で死亡する急性増悪も起こりうる)(CASES.244)

• v.

• 形づくる、形成する、編成する、成立する

関

appearance、breed、configure、cultivar、figure、formation、mode、morphology、orchestrate、pattern、race、shape、topology、type、typed

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「structure」

　　[★]

• n.

• 構造、構成、構造体、構造物、仕組み、構築する

関

architectural、architecture、assemble、assembly、build、compose、composition、comprise、conformation、constitute、constitution、construct、construction、constructional、context、formation、machinery、makeup、mechanism、organize

　 　 　 　 　 　

「constitution」

　　[★]

• n.

• 構成、構造、組成、体質、気質、体格

関

architecture、compose、composition、comprise、conformation、constitute、construct、construction、constructional、context、formation、habitus、humor、humour、makeup、organization、physique、structure、temperament、temperamental、trait

　 　 　

「構造」

　　[★]

英

structure、formation、architecture、conformation、constitution、makeup

関

気質、組立、形成、高次構造、構成、構築、コンフォメーション、コンホメーション、組成、体質、配座、編成、立体構造、立体配座、仕組み、体格、建築物、構造物、構造体、成立

「cellular transformation」

　　[★]

• 細胞形質転換

関

cell transformation

「PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism」

　　[★]

同

PCR-SSCP

同

PCR-SSCP