warrant

• n.

• (正式)(～の)正式な理由、根拠(for)。(～する)権限([[justification)(to do)
• (法律)(～の/～するための)令状。召喚状(for, of/to do)
• (～の)保証(となるもの)(guarantee)(for, of)
• 証明書。認可証。委任状。(法律)権原証券。(商業)倉荷証券。支払命令書
• (株式)新株引き受け権証書、ワラント債(株式を購入する権利を付した債権)
• (財政)短期債権(歳入を見込んで自治体が発行する証券)

• vt.

• (正式)(SVO/doing)S(事)からするとO(事)は「～することは」当然のことである(justify)

Further investigations consist of a search for a cause or associated conditions and a decision whether a lung biopsy is warranted.

• (正式)(SVO/doing)(人・会社などが)(商品の品質などを)を(～することを)補償する、[SCO(to be)C](人・事)が～だと保証する、請け合う
• (権利・財産など)の所有を保証する
• ～を認可する。～の権限を与える。(人)に権限を与える。
• ～の真実を証明する、請け合う。

関

assurance、assure、authorize、certify、endorse、ensure、guarantee、insure、justification、justify、security

　 　 　

WordNet

1. a type of security issued by a corporation (usually together with a bond or preferred stock) that gives the holder the right to purchase a certain amount of common stock at a stated price; "as a sweetener they offered warrants along with the fixed-income securities" (同)stock_warrant, stock-purchase warrant
2. a writ from a court commanding police to perform specified acts
3. a formal declaration that documents a fact of relevance to finance and investment; the holder has a right to receive interest or dividends; "he held several valuable securities" (同)certificate
4. defense against financial failure; financial independence; "his pension gave him security in his old age"; "insurance provided protection against loss of wages due to illness" (同)protection
5. property that your creditor can claim in case you default on your obligation; "bankers are reluctant to lend without good security" (同)surety
6. the state of being free from danger or injury; "we support the armed services in the name of national security"
7. measures taken as a precaution against theft or espionage or sabotage etc.; "military security has been stepped up since the recent uprising" (同)security measures
8. a department responsible for the security of the institutions property and workers; "the head of security was a former policeman" (同)security department
9. a guarantee that an obligation will be met (同)surety
10. freedom from anxiety or fear; "the watch dog gave her a feeling of security"
11. stand behind and guarantee the quality, accuracy, or condition of; "The dealer warrants all the cars he sells"; "I warrant this information" (同)warrant
12. a collateral agreement to answer for the debt of another in case that person defaults (同)guaranty
13. a written assurance that some product or service will be provided or will meet certain specifications (同)warrant, warrantee, warranty
14. an unconditional commitment that something will happen or that something is true; "there is no guarantee that they are not lying"
15. make certain of; "This nest egg will ensure a nice retirement for us"; "Preparation will guarantee success!" (同)ensure, insure, assure, secure
16. give surety or assume responsibility; "I vouch for the quality of my products" (同)vouch
17. a British term for some kinds of insurance
18. a binding commitment to do or give or refrain from something; "an assurance of help when needed"; "signed a pledge never to reveal the secret" (同)pledge
19. freedom from doubt; belief in yourself and your abilities; "his assurance in his superiority did not make him popular"; "after that failure he lost his confidence"; "she spoke with authority" (同)self-assurance, confidence, self-confidence, authority, sureness
20. a statement intended to inspire confidence; "the Presidents assurances were not respected"
21. guarantee payment on; of checks
22. guarantee as meeting a certain standard; "certified grade AAA meat" (同)endorse, indorse
23. declare legally insane
24. a written certificate that gives the holder the right to purchase shares of a stock for a specified price within a specified period of time
25. a breach that occurs when an item is deficient according to the terms of a warranty
26. a warrant that expires on a stipulated date
27. a warrant to execute the death sentence

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈C〉(逮捕・差し押さえなどの)『令状』《+for+名》 / 〈U〉(…の)『正当な理由』,権限《+for+名(doing)》 / 〈C〉『保証[となるもの]』,保証人,担保物件 / …‘を'『認可する』,公式に認める / 〈行為など〉‘を'正当化する / 〈品物・品質など〉‘を'『保証する』,確約する(guarantee) / 《話》…‘を'確信(断言)する;断じて請け合う
2. 〈U〉『安全』,無事(safety) / 〈U〉『安心』 / 〈U〉(犯罪・被害などに対する)警備,防衛(保護)手段《+『against』(『from』)+『名』》 / 〈U〉〈C〉(…に対する)担保,低当[物件]《+『for』(『against』)+『名』》 / 〈C〉》複数形で》株券,有価証券
3. (またguaranty)(商品に対する品質・修理・期間などの)『保証』;『保証書』 / =guaranty1,2 / 保証を受ける人,被保証人 / =guarantor / 〈商品・品質,契約の履行など〉‘を'『保証する』,請け合う
4. 〈C〉『保証』,請け合い / 〈U〉『確信』,自信 / 〈U〉《英》保険(insurance)
5. …'を'証明する,保証する,確認する / (…を)保証する《+『to』+『名』》
6. (米陸軍の)上級准尉

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/08/19 12:18:51」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Warrant may refer to:

• Warrant (law), a form of specific authorization
  • Arrest warrant, authorizing the arrest and detention of an individual
  • Search warrant, a court order issued that authorizes law enforcement to conduct a search for evidence
• Warrant (philosophy), a proper justification for holding a belief
• Quo warranto, a writ requiring the person to whom it is directed to show what authority they have for exercising some right or power (or "franchise") they claim to hold

Business law / guarantee

• Warrant sale, a statutory means of collecting debts in Scotland until 2001
• Collateral warranty, gives a third party rights in an existing contract
• Dock warrant, a document by which holder of goods at a maritime dock certifies that the warrant holder is entitled to goods
• Extended warranty, a goods/service maintenance agreement
• Home warranty, home appliance service maintenance agreement
• Implied warranty, presumed assurances made in the sale of products or real property
• Track warrant, railroad line permission for a train's use of the main line
• Warrant of Fitness, New Zealand assurance certifying a motor vehicle
• Warranty deed, real estate deed giving assurance of clear title and right to sell
• Warranty tolling, extending a product warranty period
• Warranty, a business transaction assurance

Finance

• Covered warrant, a warrant issued without an accompanying bond or equity
• Industry Loss Warranties, insurance protection against an event to an entire insurance
• Payroll warrants, check-like instruments not drawn against funds in a deposit account
• Share warrant, a document which states that the bearer is entitled to the shares stated in it
• Turbo warrant, a kind of stock option
• Warrant (finance), a right, without obligation, to buy or sell something at an agreed price
• Warrant of payment, an order to an official to pay someone, similar to a check

Government

• Eidsvoll Warranty, an 1814 Norwegian act to print new cash
• Governor General's Warrant, a non-budgeted payment instrument in Canadian law
• Taney Arrest Warrant, purported 1861 quashed secret order from President Lincoln to arrest the Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court
• Warrant (town meeting), a document used to call and outline a town meeting
• Warrant card, a proof of identification used by police officers
• Warrant of Appointment, President of Ireland official document of high office appointment
• Warrant of Precedence for Pakistan, Pakistan protocol for officials seating at government functions

Military

• Assistant Warrant Officer, a rank in Pakistan Air Force above Senior Technician and below Warrant Officer
• Canadian Forces Chief Warrant Officer, the senior non-commissioned member appointment in the Canadian Forces.
• Chief of the Air Staff's Warrant Officer, the senior warrant officer of the Royal Air Force
• Chief Warrant Officer, the most senior Army and Air Force non-commissioned member (NCM) rank of the Canadian Forces
• First Warrant Officer, a Warrant Officer rank in the Singapore Armed Forces
• Master Warrant Officer, a military rank in the Canadian Forces and the Singapore Armed Forces
• SAF Warrant Officer School, a Singapore Armed Forces training school within the Pasir Laba Camp complex for Master Sergeants
• Second Warrant Officer, a Warrant Officer rank in the Singapore Armed Forces
• Senior Warrant Officer, a Warrant Officer rank in the Singapore Armed Forces
• Station Warrant Officer, the senior Warrant Officer on a British Royal Air Force station (base)
• Third Warrant Officer, a Warrant Officer rank in the Singapore Armed Forces
• Warrant Officer (United Kingdom), the highest non-commissioned rank in the British Armed Forces
• Warrant Officer (United States), (grade W-1 to W-5) is ranked as an officer above the senior-most enlisted ranks, as well as officer cadets and candidates, but below the officer grade of O-1 (NATO: OF-1)
• Warrant Officer Basic Course, technical training a new US Army Warrant Officer receives after warrant officer candidate school
• Warrant officer candidate school, the entry-level training for Warrant Officer Candidates in the United States Army
• Warrant Officer of the Navy, the most senior non commissioned officer rank in the Royal Australian Navy (RAN)
• Warrant Officer, an officer in a military organization who is designated an officer by a warrant, as distinguished from a commissioned officer

Royal warrants

• List of Royal Warrant holders of the British Royal Family
• Royal Warrant, a warrant that enables suppliers to advertise that they supply goods/service to a royal family
• Royal Warrant (Thailand), a warrant that enables suppliers to advertise that they supply goods/service to the King of Thailand
• Royal Warrant of Precedence, British monarchy protocol to determine nobility/gentry order of rank

Popular media

• Warrant (American band), a glam rock band from Hollywood, California
• Warrant (German band), a German speed metal band that formed in 1983
• Warrant (film), a 1975 Indian Hindi-language film directed by Pramod Chakravorty

See also

• Death warrant (disambiguation)
• Warrant Officer 1 (disambiguation)

• All pages beginning with "Warrant"
• All pages with titles containing "Warrant"

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

• Profile of maternal CD4 T-cell effector function during normal pregnancy and in women with a history of recurrent miscarriage.

• Lissauer D, Goodyear O, Khanum R, Moss PA, Kilby MD.Source*Centre for Women's and Children's Health, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
• Clinical science (London, England : 1979).Clin Sci (Lond).2014 Mar 1;126(5):347-54. doi: 10.1042/CS20130247.
• The traditional paradigm suggests that during normal pregnancy maternal immunological tolerance of the allogenic fetus is association with a maternal T-lymphocyte shift from a Th1 to a Th2 phenotype, with the opposite effect reported in patients with recurrent miscarriage. However, studies on matern
• PMID 23962040

• High levels of PAH-metabolites in urine of e-waste recycling workers from Agbogbloshie, Ghana.

• Feldt T, Fobil JN, Wittsiepe J, Wilhelm M, Till H, Zoufaly A, Burchard G, Göen T.SourceClinical Research Unit, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht Str. 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany. Electronic address: feldt@bni-hamburg.de.
• The Science of the total environment.Sci Total Environ.2014 Jan 1;466-467:369-76. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.06.097. Epub 2013 Aug 7.
• The informal recycling of electronic waste (e-waste) is an emerging source of environmental pollution in Africa. Among other toxins, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a major health concern for exposed individuals. In a cross-sectional study, the levels of PAH metabolites in the urine of i
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• Prevalence and Risk Factors for Neutralizing Antibodies to Human Papillomavirus Types 16 and 18 in HIV-Positive Men Who Have Sex With Men.

• Sharma R, Efird JT, Chein A, Holly EA, Krajden M, Berry JM, Darragh TM, Jay N, Palefsky JM.Source*Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; †Department of Public Health, East Carolina University Greenville, NC; ‡British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Microbiology and Reference Laboratory, BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; §Department of Epidemiology and biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco; and ‖Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco.
• Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999).J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr.2013 Dec 15;64(5):479-87. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3182a7acd2.
• OBJECTIVE: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is routinely recommended in HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) aged ≤26 years. Levels of previous HPV exposure in older HIV-positive MSM are assumed to be too high to warrant routine HPV vaccination. However, little is known about the pre
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• Information, motivation, and behavioral skills for early pre-ART engagement in HIV care among patients entering clinical care in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

• Smith LR, Amico KR, Shuper PA, Christie S, Fisher WA, Cornman DH, Doshi M, Macdonald S, Pillay S, Fisher JD; SA Options Team.Sourcea Center for Health Intervention, and Prevention , University of Connecticut , Storrs, Connecticut , CT , USA.
• AIDS care.AIDS Care.2013 Dec;25(12):1485-90. doi: 10.1080/09540121.2013.775398. Epub 2013 Mar 11.
• Little is known regarding factors implicated in early engagement and retention in HIV care among individuals not yet eligible for antiretroviral therapy (pre-ART) in sub-Saharan Africa. Identifying such factors is critical for supporting retention in pre-ART clinical care to ensure timely ART initia
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• NAID 40020351015

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「100Cases 96」「certify」「保証」「endorse」「authorize」
拡張検索	「unwarranted」

「100Cases 96」

　　[★]

96

35歳　女性

【主訴】息切れ

【現病歴】6ヶ月から次第に増悪する息切れを訴え来院。息切れは進行しており、今では同年代の人に比べ階段を登ったり平地を歩くのがおそい。3ヶ月間空咳が出現してきている。

【既往歴】喘息(子供の頃、中等度)

【家族歴】父：40歳時に胸部疾患(chest problem)で死亡(と、この患者は思いこんでいる)。

【服用薬】パラセタモール。やせ薬は過去に使ったことがある

【嗜好歴】タバコ：吸わない。飲酒：週に10 units以下。

【職業歴】印刷会社(学校卒業後ずっと)

【生活歴】8歳と10歳の子供がいる。ペットとして自宅にネコとウサギを飼育している。

【身体所見】

バチ指、貧血、チアノーゼは認めない。心血管系正常。呼吸器系で、両側性に肺拡張能低下。胸部打診音、および触覚振盪音は正常。聴診上、両肺の肺底部に呼気終期年発音を聴取する。

【検査所見】

呼吸機能試験

測定値 予測値

FEV1(L) 3.0 3.6-4.2

FVC(L) 3.6 4.5-5.3

FER(FEV1/FVC)(%) 83 75-80

PEF(L/min) 470 450-550

胸部単純X線写真

胸部単純CT(肺野条件)

Q1　診断は？Q2　追加の検査と治療法

(解説)

・6ヶ月から次第に増悪する息切れ

　・本当に6ヶ月から息切れが始まったかは分からない！！実際にはもっと前から存在する可能性を考えよう。

・喘息の既往歴　→　また喘息か・・・

　・聴診上笛音 weezingなく、また呼吸機能検査で閉塞性肺障害は認められず否定的

・職業性喘息　←　肺の疾患では職業歴が重要なんだよ、うん。

　・職業に関連した特定の物質に曝露され引き起こされる気管支喘息。

　・気管支喘息だと閉塞性換気障害でしょっ。

・本症例の病態

　・拘束性病変(restrictive problem)：拡張制限　＋　ラ音(呼気時に閉鎖していた気道の再開通によるラ音。このラ音は(1)肺が硬い＋(2)肺容量低下による起こるんじゃ)

・呼吸機能検査の結果

　・中等度の拘束性換気障害(FEV1とFVCの低下、slightly high ratio)

　　→　硬い肺と胸郭を示唆している　→　肺コンプライアンス低下じゃな。

　　→　拡散能低下が予想される。

・胸部単純X線写真

　・小さい肺野、中肺野～下肺野にかけて結節性網状陰影(nodular and reticular shadowing)を認める　←　教科書的には「線状網状影」

・HRCT

　・胸膜下嚢胞形成(subspleural cyst formationの直訳。教科書的には「胸膜直下の蜂巣肺所見」)を伴う線維化

これらの所見→diffusing pulmonary fibrosis(fibrosing alveolitis)

・肺の線維化病変を見たら限局性かびまん性かを見なさい！マジで？

　・びまん性：diffuse fine pulmonary fibrosis

　　・原因：膠原病、薬剤性、中毒性、特発性

　・限局性：例えば肺炎感染後の瘢痕

・IPF

　・まれに家族性の病型有　→　本症例で父がchest problemで無くなっている事と関連があるかもしらん。

　・IPFの良くある病型：UIP　＋　CT上胸膜下に認められる蜂巣肺

　・膠原病に合併する場合、NSIPの様に広い範囲に斑状の病変が出現

　・CT上、ground glass shadowingに見える所はactive cellular alveolitisであり、反応に反応する確率が高いことと関連している。

・追加の検査の目的：原因と合併症の検索、肺生検施行の有無を決定

　・肺生検：経気管支鏡生検は試料が少ないために負荷。VATは良く使用されており、若年の肺組織を得るのに適切な方法。

・治療

　・低用量～中等量の副腎皮質ステロイド　±　免疫抑制薬(アザチオプリン)：数ヶ月経過観察し、反応性を観察。

　　・UIP症例でこのレジメンに対する反応性は乏しく、治療による利益より重大な副作用を起こさないことが重要

　・アセチルシステイン：anti-oxidant

　　・予後を改善するというエビデンス有り

　　・ステロイド＋アザチオプリン＋アセチルシステインというレジメンで用いられることがある

　・肺移植

　　・本症例の様にナウでヤングな患者には適応を考慮しても良い

・予後

　・疾患の進展速度は症例により様々

　・6ヶ月で死亡する急性増悪も起こることがある。

　　Progression rates are variable and an acute aggressive form with death in 6 months can occur.

　・UIP症例では多くの場合2～3年かけて確実に進行していく。

■glossary

clubbing n. バチ指

restrictive ventilatory defect 拘束性換気障害

transfer factor = 拡散能/拡散能力 diffusion capacity

subpleural bleb 胸膜下嚢胞

diffuse fine pulmonary fibrosis びまん性微細肺線維症

warrant vt. (正式)(SVO/doing)S(事)からするとO(事)は「～することは」当然のことである(justify)

relevant adj. 直接的に関連する、関連性のある(to)

ground glass すりガラス

'ground glass' shadowingすりガラス陰影

「certify」

　　[★]

• v.

• 証明する、保証する、認定する、認可する

関

approval、approve、assurance、assure、attest、authorization、authorize、certification、demonstrate、demonstration、endorse、ensure、establish、evidence、guarantee、hallmark、insure、license、permission、permit、proof、prove、proven、qualify、sanction、security、testify、warrant

　 　 　 　

「保証」

　　[★]

英

reassurance(心理学)

関

assurance、guarantee、warrant、security、ensure、guarantee、assure、warrant、certify、insure、endorse

支持、証明、正当化、認可、保安、認定、推奨、安全、正当な理由、保障

「endorse」

　　[★]

• v.

• 推奨する、支持する、保証する

関

assurance、assure、bolster、certify、endorsement、ensure、favor、favour、guarantee、insure、recommend、recommendation、security、support、sustentacular、underpin、warrant

　 　

「authorize」

　　[★]

• v.

• 公認する、認可する、正当化する

関

accredited、approval、approve、authorization、certification、certify、justification、justify、license、permission、permit、sanction、warrant

　 　

「unwarranted」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 正当性のない、不当な、無保証の

関

undue、unduly、unjustified、unreasonable