WordNet
- development of excess fibrous connective tissue in an organ
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 線維症(線維性結合線維が増殖し過ぎる症状)
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2015/02/16 00:06:28」(JST)
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Fibrosis |
Micrograph of a heart showing fibrosis (yellow - left of image) and amyloid deposition (brown - right of image). Movat's stain.
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Classification and external resources |
MeSH |
D005355 |
Fibrosis is the formation of excess fibrous connective tissue in an organ or tissue in a reparative or reactive process.[1] This can be a reactive, benign, or pathological state. In response to injury this is called scarring and if fibrosis arises from a single cell line this is called a fibroma. Physiologically this acts to deposit connective tissue, which can obliterate the architecture and function of the underlying organ or tissue. Fibrosis can be used to describe the pathological state of excess deposition of fibrous tissue, as well as the process of connective tissue deposition in healing.[2]
Contents
- 1 Physiology
- 2 Examples of fibrosis
- 3 References
- 4 External links
Physiology
Fibrosis is similar to the process of scarring, in that both involve stimulated cells laying down connective tissue, including collagen and glycosaminoglycans. Immune cells called Macrophages, and damaged tissue between surfaces called interstitium release TGF beta. This can be because of numerous reasons, including inflammation of the nearby tissue, or a generalised inflammatory state, with increased circulating mediators. TGF beta stimulates the proliferation and activation of fibroblasts, which deposit connective tissue.[3]
Examples of fibrosis
Fibrosis can occur in many tissues within the body, typically as a result of inflammation or damage, and examples include:
Micrograph showing cirrhosis of the liver. The tissue in this example is stained with a trichrome stain, in which fibrosis is colored blue. The red areas are the nodular liver tissue
Lungs
- Pulmonary fibrosis
- Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (idiopathic meaning the cause is unknown)
- Cystic fibrosis
Liver
Heart
- Endomyocardial fibrosis
- Old myocardial infarction
- Atrial Fibrosis
Other
- Mediastinal fibrosis (soft tissue of the mediastinum)
- Myelofibrosis (bone marrow)
- Retroperitoneal fibrosis (soft tissue of the retroperitoneum)
- Progressive massive fibrosis (lungs); a complication of coal workers' pneumoconiosis
- Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (skin)
- Crohn's Disease (intestine)
- Keloid (skin)
- Scleroderma/systemic sclerosis (skin, lungs)
- Arthrofibrosis (knee, shoulder, other joints)
- Peyronie's disease (penis)
- Dupuytren's contracture (hands,fingers)
- Some forms of adhesive capsulitis (shoulder)
References
- ^ Birbrair, A.; Zhang, T.; Wang, Z.-M.; Messi, M. L.; Mintz, A.; Delbono, O. (2013). "Type-1 pericytes participate in fibrous tissue deposition in aged skeletal muscle". AJP: Cell Physiology 305 (11): C1098. doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00171.2013.
- ^ Glossary of dermatopathological terms. DermNet NZ
- ^ Trojanowska, Maria (15 June 2012). "Mediators of Fibrosis". The Open Rheumatology Journal 6 (1): 70–71. doi:10.2174/1874312901206010070. PMC 3395879. PMID 22802903.
External links
- International Scar Meeting in Tokyo 2010 International Scar Meeting[dead link]
Wound healing
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Blood vessels |
- Angiogenesis
- Vasculogenesis
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Other |
- Fibrosis
- Maggot therapy
- Granulation tissue
- Growth factor
- Scar
- Stem cell
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Connective tissue
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Physiology |
- Soft tissue
- Fibrosis
- Scarring
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Classification |
Connective tissue proper |
Loose |
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Dense |
- Dense irregular connective tissue
- Dense regular connective tissue
- Ligament
- Tendon
- Aponeurosis
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Embryonic |
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Specialized |
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Composition |
Cells |
Resident |
- Fibroblast
- Fibrocyte
- Reticular cell
- Tendon cell
- Adipocyte
- Melanocyte
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Wandering cells |
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Extracellular
matrix |
Ground substance |
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Fibers |
- Elastic fibers: Elastin
- Fibrillin
- EMILIN1
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Description |
- Anatomy
- Physiology
- Development
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Disease |
- Infections
- Vesiculobullous
- Dermatitis and eczema
- Papulosquamous
- Urticaria and erythema
- Radiation-related
- Pigmentation
- Mucinoses
- Keratosis, ulcer, atrophy, and necrobiosis
- Vasculitis
- Fat
- Congenital
- Tumors
- nevi and melanomas
- epidermis
- dermis
- Symptoms and signs
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Treatment |
- Procedures
- Drugs
- antibiotics
- disinfectants
- emollients and protectives
- itch
- psoriasis
- other
- Wound and ulcer
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Description |
- Anatomy
- head
- neck
- arms
- chest and back
- diaphragm
- abdomen
- genital area
- legs
- Muscle tissue
- Physiology
- Development
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Disease |
- Myopathy
- Soft tissue
- Connective tissue
- Congenital
- abdomen
- muscular dystrophy
- Neoplasms and cancer
- Injury
- Symptoms and signs
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Treatment |
- Procedures
- Drugs
- anti-inflammatory
- muscle relaxants
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UpToDate Contents
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- 1. 特発性肺線維症の病因 pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
- 2. 肝線維症の非侵襲的評価:血清学的検査および画像診断 noninvasive assessment of hepatic fibrosis overview of serologic and radiographic tests
- 3. 特発性肺線維症の治療 treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
- 4. 肝線維症の病因 pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis
- 5. 嚢胞性線維症:肝胆道系疾患 cystic fibrosis hepatobiliary disease
English Journal
- Nasal manifestations of IgG4-related disease: A report of two cases.
- Ohno K1, Matsuda Y2, Arai T2, Kimura Y3.
- Auris, nasus, larynx.Auris Nasus Larynx.2015 Dec;42(6):483-7. doi: 10.1016/j.anl.2015.05.004. Epub 2015 Jun 6.
- IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a recently recognized clinical disease entity characterized by elevated serum IgG4, tumefaction, tissue infiltration of IgG4-positive plasma cells and fibrosis. IgG4-RD may occur, either synchronously or metachronously, in a variety of organs throughout the body. We
- PMID 26060132
- Angiotensin-(1-7) improves oxygenation, while reducing cellular infiltrate and fibrosis in experimental Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.
- Zambelli V1, Bellani G, Borsa R, Pozzi F, Grassi A, Scanziani M, Castiglioni V, Masson S, Decio A, Laffey JG, Latini R, Pesenti A.
- Intensive care medicine experimental.Intensive Care Med Exp.2015 Dec;3(1):44. doi: 10.1186/s40635-015-0044-3. Epub 2015 Feb 27.
- BACKGROUND: The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a role in the pathogenesis of ARDS, Angiotensin II (Ang-II) contributing to the pathogenesis of inflammation and fibrogenesis. Angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)) may antagonize the effects of Ang-II. This study was aimed at evaluating the potential for
- PMID 26215809
- Prevalence and prognostic value of hepatic histological alterations in patients with Crohn's disease.
- Ribaldone DG1, Garavagno M, Pellicano R, Bresso F, Fagoonee S, David E, Sapone N, Bonagura AG, Resegotti A, Astegiano M.
- Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology.Scand J Gastroenterol.2015 Dec;50(12):1463-8. doi: 10.3109/00365521.2015.1064995. Epub 2015 Jul 2.
- Variable degrees of liver histological changes in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) have been reported.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the liver histological alterations and their prognostic significance in patients affected by CD without abnormalities of liver biochemical parameters and ultrasound features
- PMID 26133749
Japanese Journal
- 腎線維化と腎性貧血 (AYUMI 慢性低酸素状態の腎臓)
- Angiotensin ? induced differentially expressed microRNAs in adult rat cardiac fibroblasts
- Jiang Xiaoying,Ning Qilan,Wang Juanli
- The journal of physiological sciences 63(1), 31-38, 2013-01-00
- NAID 40019538820
- Sphingosine-1-phosphate as a mediator involved in development of fibrotic diseases
- Takuwa Yoh,Ikeda Hitoshi,Okamoto Yasuo,Takuwa Noriko,Yoshioka Kazuaki
- Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids 1831(1), 185-192, 2013-01-00
- … Fibrosis is a pathological process characterized by massive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) such as type I/III collagens and fibronectin that are secreted by an expanded pool of myofibroblasts, which are phenotypically altered fibroblasts with more contractile, proliferative, migratory and secretory activities. … Fibrosis occurs in various organs including the lung, heart, liver and kidney, resulting in loss of normal tissue architecture and functions. …
- NAID 120004966619
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 96
- 35歳 女性
- 【主訴】息切れ
- 【現病歴】6ヶ月から次第に増悪する息切れを訴え来院。息切れは進行しており、今では同年代の人に比べ階段を登ったり平地を歩くのがおそい。3ヶ月間空咳が出現してきている。
- 【既往歴】喘息(子供の頃、中等度)
- 【家族歴】父:40歳時に胸部疾患(chest problem)で死亡(と、この患者は思いこんでいる)。
- 【服用薬】パラセタモール。やせ薬は過去に使ったことがある
- 【嗜好歴】タバコ:吸わない。飲酒:週に10 units以下。
- 【職業歴】印刷会社(学校卒業後ずっと)
- 【生活歴】8歳と10歳の子供がいる。ペットとして自宅にネコとウサギを飼育している。
- 【身体所見】
- バチ指、貧血、チアノーゼは認めない。心血管系正常。呼吸器系で、両側性に肺拡張能低下。胸部打診音、および触覚振盪音は正常。聴診上、両肺の肺底部に呼気終期年発音を聴取する。
- 【検査所見】
- 呼吸機能試験
- 測定値 予測値
- FEV1(L) 3.0 3.6-4.2
- FVC(L) 3.6 4.5-5.3
- FER(FEV1/FVC)(%) 83 75-80
- PEF(L/min) 470 450-550
- 胸部単純X線写真
- 胸部単純CT(肺野条件)
- Q1 診断は?Q2 追加の検査と治療法
- (解説)
- ・6ヶ月から次第に増悪する息切れ
- ・本当に6ヶ月から息切れが始まったかは分からない!!実際にはもっと前から存在する可能性を考えよう。
- ・喘息の既往歴 → また喘息か・・・
- ・聴診上笛音 weezingなく、また呼吸機能検査で閉塞性肺障害は認められず否定的
- ・職業性喘息 ← 肺の疾患では職業歴が重要なんだよ、うん。
- ・職業に関連した特定の物質に曝露され引き起こされる気管支喘息。
- ・気管支喘息だと閉塞性換気障害でしょっ。
- ・本症例の病態
- ・拘束性病変(restrictive problem):拡張制限 + ラ音(呼気時に閉鎖していた気道の再開通によるラ音。このラ音は(1)肺が硬い+(2)肺容量低下による起こるんじゃ)
- ・呼吸機能検査の結果
- ・中等度の拘束性換気障害(FEV1とFVCの低下、slightly high ratio)
- → 硬い肺と胸郭を示唆している → 肺コンプライアンス低下じゃな。
- → 拡散能低下が予想される。
- ・胸部単純X線写真
- ・小さい肺野、中肺野~下肺野にかけて結節性網状陰影(nodular and reticular shadowing)を認める ← 教科書的には「線状網状影」
- ・HRCT
- ・胸膜下嚢胞形成(subspleural cyst formationの直訳。教科書的には「胸膜直下の蜂巣肺所見」)を伴う線維化
- これらの所見→diffusing pulmonary fibrosis(fibrosing alveolitis)
- ・肺の線維化病変を見たら限局性かびまん性かを見なさい!マジで?
- ・びまん性:diffuse fine pulmonary fibrosis
- ・原因:膠原病、薬剤性、中毒性、特発性
- ・限局性:例えば肺炎感染後の瘢痕
- ・IPF
- ・まれに家族性の病型有 → 本症例で父がchest problemで無くなっている事と関連があるかもしらん。
- ・IPFの良くある病型:UIP + CT上胸膜下に認められる蜂巣肺
- ・膠原病に合併する場合、NSIPの様に広い範囲に斑状の病変が出現
- ・CT上、ground glass shadowingに見える所はactive cellular alveolitisであり、反応に反応する確率が高いことと関連している。
- ・追加の検査の目的:原因と合併症の検索、肺生検施行の有無を決定
- ・肺生検:経気管支鏡生検は試料が少ないために負荷。VATは良く使用されており、若年の肺組織を得るのに適切な方法。
- ・治療
- ・低用量~中等量の副腎皮質ステロイド ± 免疫抑制薬(アザチオプリン):数ヶ月経過観察し、反応性を観察。
- ・UIP症例でこのレジメンに対する反応性は乏しく、治療による利益より重大な副作用を起こさないことが重要
- ・アセチルシステイン:anti-oxidant
- ・予後を改善するというエビデンス有り
- ・ステロイド+アザチオプリン+アセチルシステインというレジメンで用いられることがある
- ・肺移植
- ・本症例の様にナウでヤングな患者には適応を考慮しても良い
- ・予後
- ・疾患の進展速度は症例により様々
- ・6ヶ月で死亡する急性増悪も起こることがある。
- Progression rates are variable and an acute aggressive form with death in 6 months can occur.
- ・UIP症例では多くの場合2~3年かけて確実に進行していく。
- ■glossary
- clubbing n. バチ指
- restrictive ventilatory defect 拘束性換気障害
- transfer factor = 拡散能/拡散能力 diffusion capacity
- subpleural bleb 胸膜下嚢胞
- diffuse fine pulmonary fibrosis びまん性微細肺線維症
- warrant vt. (正式)(SVO/doing)S(事)からするとO(事)は「~することは」当然のことである(justify)
- relevant adj. 直接的に関連する、関連性のある(to)
- ground glass すりガラス
- 'ground glass' shadowingすりガラス陰影
[★]
- 英
- fibrosis
- 同
- 線維増殖症
- 関
- 肝硬変
[★]
膵嚢胞性線維症
- 関
- cystic fibrosis
[★]
間質性未熟性線維症