paroxysm

• n.

• (医)(寒気などの周期的な)発作。(医)痙攣。激発。発作的活動、激動

関

(adj.)paroxysmal

関

attack、bout、crises、crisis、insult、seizure、stroke

　 　

WordNet

1. a sudden uncontrollable attack; "a paroxysm of giggling"; "a fit of coughing"; "convulsions of laughter" (同)fit, convulsion
2. the act of attacking; "attacks on women increased last year"; "they made an attempt on his life" (同)attempt
3. (military) an offensive against an enemy (using weapons); "the attack began at dawn" (同)onslaught, onset, onrush
4. a decisive manner of beginning a musical tone or phrase (同)tone-beginning
5. an offensive move in a sport or game; "they won the game with a 10-hit attack in the 9th inning"
6. strong criticism; "he published an unexpected attack on my work"
7. a sudden occurrence of an uncontrollable condition; "an attack of diarrhea"
8. begin to injure; "The cancer cells are attacking his liver"; "Rust is attacking the metal"
9. set to work upon; turn ones energies vigorously to a task; "I attacked the problem as soon as I got out of bed"
10. the onset of a corrosive or destructive process (as by a chemical agent); "the film was sensitive to attack by acids"; "open to attack by the elements"
11. attack in speech or writing; "The editors of the left-leaning paper attacked the new House Speaker" (同)round, assail, lash out, snipe, assault
12. take the initiative and go on the offensive; "The Serbs attacked the village at night"; "The visiting team started to attack" (同)aggress
13. launch an attack or assault on; begin hostilities or start warfare with; "Hitler attacked Poland on September 1, 1939 and started World War II"; "Serbian forces assailed Bosnian towns all week" (同)assail
14. a deliberately offensive act or something producing the effect of deliberate disrespect; "turning his back on me was a deliberate insult" (同)affront
15. accompanied by or of the nature of paroxysms

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. (病気の周期的な)発作《+『of』+『名』》 / (感情・行動などの)激発,発作的行動《+『of』+『名』》
2. …'を'『襲う』,『攻撃する』;(ゲームで)…'を'攻める / (演説・文書などで)…'を'『非難する』,攻撃する / 〈病気・不運などが〉…'を'襲う,冒す / 〈仕事など〉‘に'勢いよく取りかかる,着手する / 『攻撃をする』 / 〈U〉〈C〉(…に対する)『攻撃』;(ゲームの)攻め;非難《+『on』(『upon, against』)+『名』》 / 〈C〉発病,発作 / 〈U〉(仕事への)着手,開始
3. 〈人・物など〉‘を'『侮辱する』,はずかしめる / (…に対する)『侮辱』,侮辱的な言動《+『to』+『名』》

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/05 15:32:07」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

"Paroxysms" redirects here. For the waltz by Johann Strauss, see Paroxysmen.

Not to be confused with proximal.

Paroxysmal attack
Classification and external resources
ICD-10	G40-G47

Paroxysmal attacks or paroxysms (from Greek παροξυσμός) are a sudden recurrence or intensification of symptoms, such as a spasm or seizure. These short, frequent, and stereotyped symptoms can be observed in various clinical conditions. They are usually associated with multiple sclerosis or pertussis, but they may also be observed in other disorders such as encephalitis, head trauma, stroke, asthma, trigeminal neuralgia, breath-holding spells, epilepsy, malaria, tabes dorsalis, and Behçet's disease, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). It has also been noted as a symptom of gratification disorder in children.

The word paroxysm means "sudden attack, outburst", and comes from the Greek παροξυσμός (paroxusmos), "irritation, exasperation".

Paroxysmal attacks in various disorders have been reported extensively and ephaptic coupling of demyelinated nerves has been presumed as one of the underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon. This is supported by the presence of these attacks in multiple sclerosis and tabes dorsalis, which both involve demyelination of spinal cord neurons. Exercise, tactile stimuli, hot water, anxiety and neck flexion may provoke paroxysmal attacks. Most reported paroxysmal attacks are painful tonic spasms, dysarthria and ataxia, numbness and hemiparesis. They are typically different from other transient symptoms by their brevity (lasting no more than 2 minutes), frequency (from 1-2 times/day up to a few hundred times/day), stereotyped fashion and excellent response to drugs (usually carbamazepine). Withdrawal of symptoms without any residual neurological finding is another key feature in their recognition.

See also

• Convulsion
• Relapse or remission, where symptoms become worse or better

References

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 幼児および小児における百日咳菌感染症：臨床的特徴および診断 bordetella pertussis infection in infants and children clinical features and diagnosis
• 2. Bordetella pertussis infection in adolescents and adults: Clinical manifestations and diagnosis
• 3. 成人における褐色細胞腫の治療 treatment of pheochromocytoma in adults
• 4. 心房細動における血栓形成の機序 mechanisms of thrombogenesis in atrial fibrillation
• 5. 三叉神経痛 trigeminal neuralgia

English Journal

• The epidemiology and management of recent-onset atrial fibrillation and flutter presenting to the Emergency Department.

• Hamilton A1, Clark D, Gray A, Cragg A, Grubb N; Emergency Medicine Research Group, Edinburgh (EMERGE).
• European journal of emergency medicine : official journal of the European Society for Emergency Medicine.Eur J Emerg Med.2015 Jun;22(3):155-61. doi: 10.1097/MEJ.0000000000000198.
• OBJECTIVES: Atrial fibrillation (AF) and flutter are common tachyarrhythmias seen in the Emergency Department (ED). The management of recent-onset AF remains poorly defined. Two management strategies have been proposed: rhythm control versus rate control. The aims of this study were to investigate t
• PMID 25203594

• Atrial fibrillation and female sex.

• Anselmino M1, Battaglia A, Gallo C, Gili S, Matta M, Castagno D, Ferraris F, Giustetto C, Gaita F.
• Journal of cardiovascular medicine (Hagerstown, Md.).J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown).2015 Mar 24. [Epub ahead of print]
• Atrial fibrillation is the most common supraventricular arrhythmia. Its prevalence increases with age and preferentially affects male patients. Over 75 years of age, however, female patients being more prevalent, the absolute number of patients affected is similar between sexes. Despite this, few da
• PMID 25806470

• Hypsarrhythmia paroxysm index: A tool for early prediction of infantile spasms.

• Altunel A1, Sever A2, Altunel EÖ3.
• Epilepsy research.Epilepsy Res.2015 Mar;111:54-60. doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2015.01.005. Epub 2015 Jan 25.
• Recurrence of infantile spasms (ISs) is common subsequent to treatment with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) for West syndrome, and prolonged hypsarrhythmia results in psychomotor deterioration. The evolution to hypsarrhythmia involves conversion of prehypsarrhythmic EEG findings to sporadic hypsa
• PMID 25769373

• Gastropericardial fistula after Roux-en-Y bypass for reflux disease.

• Dhillon A1, Eltweri AM1, Shah V2, Bowrey DJ1.
• BMJ case reports.BMJ Case Rep.2015 Jan 16;2015. pii: bcr2014206108. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2014-206108.
• A 49-year-old man was admitted to his local hospital with a 3-day history of left-sided chest pain which started after a coughing paroxysm. His surgical history included laparoscopic Toupet fundoplication 30 months earlier and revisional reflux surgery (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass) 11 months earlier. O
• PMID 25596293

Japanese Journal

• 冠攣縮性狭心症の診断におけるループメモリー式イベントレコーダーの使用経験

• 鈴木 淳,清水 一寛,小川 剛史,黒須 巧,野地 博文,東丸 貴信
• 心電図 = Electrocardiology 30(4), 289-297, 2010-10-22
• 冠攣縮性狭心症（CSA）の発作は一過性であり，非発作時の心電図はそのほとんどが正常であるため，通常，自然に発生した発作をとらえることは困難な場合が多い．しかし，発作時の心電図が記録できるイベントレコーダーを用いることにより，CSAの発作をとらえることが可能になると考えられる．そこで，イベントレコーダーがCSAの診断に有用であるか否かを検討した．対象は，ループメモリー式イベントレコーダー（CG-61 …
• NAID 10027704792

• Paroxysmal EEG abnormalities and epilepsy in pervasive developmental disorders : Follow-up study until adolescence and beyond

• KAWASAKI Yoko,SHINOMIYA Mieko,TAKAYANAGI Mizuho,NIWA Shin-Ichi
• Brain & development 32(9), 769-775, 2010-10-01
• NAID 10027493123

• 交通事故統計からみた運転中の発作・急病

• 西田 泰
• 日本交通科学協議会誌 = Journal of the Japanese Council of Traffic Science 7(1), 12-16, 2007-11-30
• NAID 10029830607

• 広汎性発達障害の病態神経生理

• 川崎 葉子
• 臨床神経生理学 : Japanese journal of clinical neurophysiology 34(3), 142-151, 2006-08-01
• NAID 10018673309

Related Links

• paroxysm - definition of paroxysm by the Free Online Dictionary ...

par·ox·ysm (p r k-s z m). n. 1. A sudden outburst of emotion or action: a paroxysm of laughter. 2. a. A sudden attack, recurrence, or intensification of a disease. b. A spasm or fit; a convulsion.

• paroxysms - definition of paroxysms by the Free Online Dictionary ...

par·ox·ysm (p r k-s z m). n. 1. A sudden outburst of emotion or action: a paroxysm of laughter. 2. a. A sudden attack, recurrence, or intensification of a disease. b. A spasm or fit; a convulsion.

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「attack」「insult」「crises」「発作」「paroxysmal」
拡張検索	「chronic paroxysmal hemicrania」「paroxysmal nerve pain」「paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria」「benign paroxysmal vertigo in childhood」

「attack」

　　[★]

• n.

• 発作、攻撃

• v.

• 攻撃する、襲う、非難する、襲撃する

関

aggressive、assault、blame、bout、challenge、crises、crisis、criticise、criticism、criticize、insult、offense、offensive、paroxysm、seizure、strike、stroke、thrust

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「insult」

　　[★]

• n.

• 発作、侵襲、傷害

• v.

• 侵襲する

関

aggression、attack、bout、crises、crisis、infestation、injury、invasion、lesion、paroxysm、seizure、stroke

　 　

「crises」

　　[★]

• n.

• 急性発症、発作、危機

関

acute-onset、attack、bout、crisis、insult、paroxysm、seizure、storm、stroke

「発作」

　　[★]

英

attack, paroxysm, ictus, insult, fit, stroke

「paroxysmal」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 発作性の

関

ictal, paroxystic, paroxysm

　

「chronic paroxysmal hemicrania」

　　[★]

• 慢性発作性片側頭痛

関

paroxysmal hemicrania

「paroxysmal nerve pain」

　　[★]

• 発作性神経痛

関

nerve pain、neuralgia

「paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria」

　　[★] 発作性夜間血色素尿症 PNH

「benign paroxysmal vertigo in childhood」

　　[★] 小児期良性発作性眩暈症