ベムラフェニブはfragment-based lead discovery(FBLD)の手法で開発された最初の医薬品として[2]、切除不能あるいは転移性メラノーマの治療に対して2011年8月にFDAに承認された[3]。ベムラフェニブはその後カナダ保健省に2014年2月に承認され[4]、同年同月、欧州委員会にBRAF-V600変異を有する切除不能または転移を有するメラノーマ成人患者への単剤治療に対して承認された[5]。日本でも2014年12月、「BRAF遺伝子変異を有する根治切除不能な悪性黒色腫」に対して承認された[6]。
^ abPDB 3OG7; Bollag G, Hirth P, Tsai J, Zhang J, Ibrahim PN, Cho H, Spevak W, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Habets G, et al. (September 2010). “Clinical efficacy of a RAF inhibitor needs broad target blockade in BRAF-mutant melanoma”. Nature467 (7315): 596–599. doi:10.1038/nature09454. PMC: 2948082. PMID 20823850. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2948082/.
^Bollag G, Tsai J, Zhang J, Zhang C, Ibrahim P, Nolop K, Hirth P (November 2012). “Vemurafenib: the first drug approved for BRAF-mutant cancer”. Nat Rev Drug Discov11 (11): 873–86. doi:10.1038/nrd3847. PMID 23060265.
^“FDA Approves Zelboraf (Vemurafenib) and Companion Diagnostic for BRAF Mutation-Positive Metastatic Melanoma, a Deadly Form of Skin Cancer” (プレスリリース), Genentech, http://www.gene.com/gene/news/press-releases/display.do?method=detail&id=135672011年8月17日閲覧。
^ Notice of Decision for ZELBORAF Archived 2012年5月2日, at the Wayback Machine.
^Hofland P (2012年2月20日). “First Personalized Cancer Medicine Allows Patients with Deadly Form of Metastatic Melanoma to Live Significantly Longer”. Onco'Zine. The International Cancer Network. 2012年4月11日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2014年12月7日閲覧。
^Sala E, Mologni L, Truffa S, Gaetano C, Bollag GE, Gambacorti-Passerini C (May 2008). “BRAF silencing by short hairpin RNA or chemical blockade by PLX4032 leads to different responses in melanoma and thyroid carcinoma cells”. Mol. Cancer Res.6 (5): 751–9. doi:10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-07-2001. PMID 18458053.
^Hatzivassiliou G, Song K, Yen I, Brandhuber BJ, Anderson DJ, Alvarado R, Ludlam MJ, Stokoe D, Gloor SL, Vigers G, Morales T, Aliagas I, Liu B, Sideris S, Hoeflich KP, Jaiswal BS, Seshagiri S, Koeppen H, Belvin M, Friedman LS, Malek S (February 2010). “RAF inhibitors prime wild-type RAF to activate the MAPK pathway and enhance growth”. Nature464 (7287): 431–5. doi:10.1038/nature08833. PMID 20130576.
^Halaban R, Zhang W, Bacchiocchi A, Cheng E, Parisi F, Ariyan S, Krauthammer M, McCusker JP, Kluger Y, Sznol M (February 2010). “PLX4032, a Selective BRAF(V600E) Kinase Inhibitor, Activates the ERK Pathway and Enhances Cell Migration and Proliferation of BRAF(WT) Melanoma Cells”. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res23 (2): 190–200. doi:10.1111/j.1755-148X.2010.00685.x. PMC: 2848976. PMID 20149136. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2848976/.
^Nazarian R, Shi H, Wang Q, Kong X, Koya RC, Lee H, Chen Z, Lee MK, Attar N, Sazegar H, Chodon T, Nelson SF, McArthur G, Sosman JA, Ribas A, Lo RS (November 2010). “Melanomas acquire resistance to B-RAF(V600E) inhibition by RTK or N-RAS upregulation”. Nature468 (7326): 973–977. doi:10.1038/nature09626. PMC: 3143360. PMID 21107323. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3143360/. Lay summary – Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News.
^Straussman R, Morikawa T, Shee K, Barzily-Rokni M, Qian ZR, Du J, Davis A, Mongare MM, Gould J, Frederick DT, Cooper ZA, Chapman PB, Solit DB, Ribas A, Lo RS, Flaherty KT, Ogino S, Wargo JA, Golub TR (July 2012). “Tumour micro-environment elicits innate resistance to RAF inhibitors through HGF secretion”. Nature487 (7408): 500–4. doi:10.1038/nature11183. PMID 22763439.
^Wilson TR, Fridlyand J, Yan Y, Penuel E, Burton L, Chan E, Peng J, Lin E, Wang Y, Sosman J, Ribas A, Li J, Moffat J, Sutherlin DP, Koeppen H, Merchant M, Neve R, Settleman J. (July 2012). “Widespread potential for growth-factor-driven resistance to anticancer kinase inhibitors.”. Nature487 (7408): 505–9. doi:10.1038/nature11249. PMID 22763448.
^“Drug hope for advanced melanoma”. BBC News. (2009年6月2日). http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/8076743.stm2009年6月7日閲覧。
^Harmon, Amy (2010年2月21日). “A Roller Coaster Chase for a Cure”. The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/22/health/research/22trial.html
^Garber K (December 2009). “Melanoma drug vindicates targeted approach”. Science326 (5960): 1619. doi:10.1126/science.326.5960.1619. PMID 20019269.
^Flaherty K. “Phase I study of PLX4032: Proof of concept for V600E BRAF mutation as a therapeutic target in human cancer”. 2009 ASCO Annual Meeting Abstract, J Clin Oncol 27:15s, 2009 (suppl; abstr 9000). 2014年12月7日閲覧。
^Flaherty KT, Puzanov I, Kim KB, Ribas A, McArthur GA, Sosman JA, O'Dwyer PJ, Lee RJ, Grippo JF, Nolop K, Chapman PB (August 2010). “Inhibition of mutated, activated BRAF in metastatic melanoma”. N. Engl. J. Med.363 (9): 809–19. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1002011. PMID 20818844. Lay summary – Corante: In the Pipeline.
^“Safety Study of PLX4032 in Patients With Solid Tumors”. ClinicalTrials.gov. 2014年12月7日閲覧。
^“A Study of RO5185426 in Previously Treated Patients With Metastatic Melanoma”. ClinicalTrials.gov (2010年2月15日). 2014年12月7日閲覧。
^“Plexxikon Announces First Patient Dosed in Phase 3 Trial of PLX4032 (RG7204) for Metastatic Melanoma” (プレスリリース), Plexxiko, (2010年1月8日), http://www.plexxikon.com/view.cfm/74/Press-Releases
^ ab“Plexxikon and Roche Report Positive Data from Phase III BRAF Mutation Melanoma Study”. (2011年6月6日). http://www.genengnews.com/gen-news-highlights/plexxikon-and-roche-report-positive-data-from-phase-iii-braf-mutation-melanoma-study/81245246/
^“Vemurafenib Improves Overall Survival in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma”. 2014年12月7日閲覧。
^“BRIM-2 Upholds Benefits Emerging with Vemurafenib in Melanoma”. Oncology & Biotech News5 (7). (July 2011). http://www.onclive.com/publications/obtn/2011/july-2011/BRIM-2-Upholds-Benefits-Emerging-with-Vemurafenib-in-Melanoma.
^“ゼルボラフ錠240mg 添付文書” (2015年10月). 2016年6月29日閲覧。
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