WordNet

a genus of bacteria
rod-shaped Gram-negative enterobacteria; some are pathogenic for warm-blooded animals; can be used as a bioweapon

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/09/26 23:45:23」(JST)

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Shigella (/ʃɪˈɡɛlə/) is a genus of Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, nonspore-forming, nonmotile, rod-shaped bacteria closely related to Salmonella. The genus is named after Kiyoshi Shiga, who first discovered it in 1897.^[1]

The causative agent of human shigellosis, Shigella causes disease in primates, but not in other mammals.^[2] It is only naturally found in humans and gorillas.^[3]^[4] During infection, it typically causes dysentery.^[5]

Shigella is one of the leading bacterial causes of diarrhea worldwide, causing an estimated 80-165 million cases.^[6] The number of deaths it causes each year is estimated at between 74,000 and 600,000 deaths.^[6]^[7] It is in the top four pathogens that cause moderate-to-severe diarrhea in African and South Asian children.^[8]

Classification

Shigella species are classified by four serogroups:

Serogroup A: S. dysenteriae (15 serotypes)^[9]
Serogroup B: S. flexneri (six serotypes)
Serogroup C: S. boydii (19 serotypes)^[10]
Serogroup D: S. sonnei (one serotype)

Groups A–C are physiologically similar; S. sonnei (group D) can be differentiated on the basis of biochemical metabolism assays.^[11] Three Shigella groups are the major disease-causing species: S. flexneri is the most frequently isolated species worldwide, and accounts for 60% of cases in the developing world; S. sonnei causes 77% of cases in the developed world, compared to only 15% of cases in the developing world; and S. dysenteriae is usually the cause of epidemics of dysentery, particularly in confined populations such as refugee camps.^[12]

Each of the Shigella genomes includes a virulence plasmid that encodes conserved primary virulence determinants. The Shigella chromosomes share most of their genes with those of E. coli K12 strain MG1655.^[13] Phylogenetic studies indicate Shigella is more appropriately treated as subgenus of Escherichia, and that certain strains generally considered E. coli – such as E. coli O157:H7 – are better placed in Shigella (see Escherichia coli#Diversity for details).

Pathogenesis

Shigella infection is typically by ingestion. Depending on the health of the host, fewer than 100 bacterial cells can be enough to cause an infection.^[14] Shigella species generally invade the epithelial lining of the colon, causing severe inflammation and death of the cells lining the colon. This inflammation results in the diarrhea and even dysentery that are the hallmarks of Shigella infection.^[11] Some strains of Shigella produce toxins which contribute to disease during infection. S. flexneri strains produce ShET1 and ShET2 which may contribute to diarrhea.^[11] S. dysenteriae strains produce the enterotoxin Shiga toxin, which is similar to the verotoxin produced by Enterohemorrhagic E. coli. Both shiga toxin and verotoxin are associated with causing potentially-fatal hemolytic uremic syndrome.^[11]

Shigella species invade the host through the M-cells interspersed in the gut epithelia of the small intestine, as they do not interact with the apical surface of epithelial cells, preferring the basolateral side.^[15] Shigella uses a type-III secretion system, which acts as a biological syringe to translocate toxic effector proteins to the target human cell. The effector proteins can alter the metabolism of the target cell, for instance leading to the lysis of vacuolar membranes or reorganization of actin polymerization to facilitate intracellular motility of Shigella bacteria inside the host cell. For instance, the IcsA effector protein triggers actin reorganization by N-WASP recruitment of Arp2/3 complexes, helping cell-to-cell spread.^{[citation needed]}

After invasion, Shigella cells multiply intracellularly and spread to neighboring epithelial cells, resulting in tissue destruction and characteristic pathology of shigellosis.^[16]^[17]

The most common symptoms are diarrhea, fever, nausea, vomiting, stomach cramps, and flatulence. It is also commonly known to cause large and painful bowel movements. The stool may contain blood, mucus, or pus. Hence, Shigella cells may cause dysentery. In rare cases, young children may have seizures. Symptoms can take as long as a week to appear, but most often begin two to four days after ingestion. Symptoms usually last for several days, but can last for weeks. Shigella is implicated as one of the pathogenic causes of reactive arthritis worldwide.^[18]

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of shigellosis is made by isolating the organism from diarrheal fecal sample cultures. Shigella species are negative for motility and are generally not lactose fermenters, but S. sonnei can ferment lactose.^[19] They typically do not produce gas from carbohydrates (with the exception of certain strains of S. flexneri) and tend to be overall biochemically inert. Shigella should also be urea hydrolysis negative. When inoculated to a triple sugar iron (TSI) slant, they react as follows: K/A, gas -, and H₂S -. Indole reactions are mixed, positive and negative, with the exception of S. sonnei, which is always indole negative. Growth on Hektoen enteric agar produces bluish-green colonies for Shigella and bluish-green colonies with black centers for Salmonella.

Prevention and treatment

Hand washing before handling food and thoroughly cooking all food before eating decreases the risk of getting shigellosis.^[20]

Currently, no licensed vaccine targeting Shigella exists. Shigella has been a longstanding World Health Organization target for vaccine development. Sharp declines in age-specific diarrhea/dysentery attack rates for this pathogen indicate natural immunity does develop following exposure; thus, vaccination to prevent the disease should be feasible. Several vaccine candidates for Shigella are in various stages of development.^[7]^[12]

Treatment mainly consists of replacing fluids and salts lost due to diarrhea. Severe dysentery can be treated with ampicillin, TMP-SMX, or fluoroquinolones, such as ciprofloxacin. Medical treatment should only be used in severe cases or for certain populations with mild symptoms (elderly, immunocompromised, food service industry workers, child care workers). For Shigella-associated diarrhea, antibiotics shorten the length of infection,^[21] but they are usually avoided in mild cases because many Shigella strains are becoming resistant to common antibiotics. Furthermore, effective medications are often in short supply in developing countries, which carry the majority of the disease burden from Shigella. Antidiarrheal agents may worsen the sickness, and should be avoided.^[22]

Also extensive research has been conducted into therapies, involving treatment with bacteriophages.^[23]

References

^ Yabuuchi, Eiko (2002). "Bacillus dysentericus (sic) 1897 was the first taxonomic rather than Bacillus dysenteriae 1898". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 52 (Pt 3): 1041. doi:10.1099/00207713-52-3-1041. PMID 12054222.
^ Ryan, Kenneth James; Ray, C. George, eds. (2004). Sherris medical microbiology: an introduction to infectious diseases (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill Professional Med/Tech. ISBN 978-0-8385-8529-0. ^{[page needed]}
^ Pond, Kathy (2005). "Shigella". Water recreation and disease. Plausibility of associated infections: Acute effects, sequelae and mortality. WHO. pp. 113–8. ISBN 978-92-4-156305-5.
^ "Shigellosis" (PDF). European Association of Zoo and Wildlife Veterinarians.
^ Mims, Cedric; Dockrell, Hazel; Goering, Richard; Roitt, Ivan; Wakelin, Derek; Zuckerman, Mark, eds. (2004). Medical Microbiology (3rd ed.). Mosby. p. 287. ISBN 978-0-7234-3259-3.
^ ^a ^b Bowen A (2016). "Chapter 3: Infectious Diseases Related to Travel". The Yellow Book: Health Information for International Travel. CDC. ISBN 978-0-19-937915-6. Retrieved 22 June 2016.
^ ^a ^b Mani, Sachin; Wierzba, Thomas; Walker, Richard I (2016). "Status of vaccine research and development for Shigella". Vaccine. 34 (26): 2887–2894.
^ Kotloff, Karen L; Nataro, James P; Blackwelder, William C; et al. (2013). "Burden and aetiology of diarrhoeal disease in infants and young children in developing countries (the Global Enteric Multicenter Study, GEMS): a prospective, case-control study". The Lancet. 382 (9888): 209–222.
^ Ansaruzzaman, M; Kibriya, AK; Rahman, A; Neogi, PK; Faruque, AS; Rowe, B; Albert, MJ (1995). "Detection of provisional serovars of Shigella dysenteriae and designation as S. dysenteriae serotypes 14 and 15". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 33 (5): 1423–5. PMC 228185. PMID 7615772.
^ Yang, Z; Hu, C; Chen, J; Chen, G; Liu, Z (1990). "[A new serotype of Shigella boydii]". Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao (in Chinese). 30 (4): 284–95. PMID 2251827.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Hale, Thomas L.; Keusch, Gerald T. (1996). "Shigella". In Baron, Samuel. Medical microbiology (4th ed.). Galveston, Texas: University of Texas Medical Branch. ISBN 978-0-9631172-1-2.
^ ^a ^b "Shigellosis". State of the art of new vaccine research and development (PDF). Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals. World Health Organization. 2006. pp. 10–2.
^ Yang, Fan; Yang, Jian; Zhang, Xiaobing; Chen, Lihong; Jiang, Yan; Yan, Yongliang; Tang, Xudong; Wang, Jing; Xiong, Zhaohui; Dong, Jie; Xue, Ying; Zhu, Yafang; Xu, Xingye; Sun, Lilian; Chen, Shuxia; Nie, Huan; Peng, Junping; Xu, Jianguo; Wang, Yu; Yuan, Zhenghong; Wen, Yumei; Yao, Zhijian; Shen, Yan; Qiang, Boqin; Hou, Yunde; Yu, Jun; Jin, Qi (2005). "Genome dynamics and diversity of Shigella species, the etiologic agents of bacillary dysentery". Nucleic Acids Research. 33 (19): 6445–58. doi:10.1093/nar/gki954. PMC 1278947. PMID 16275786.
^ Levinson, Warren E (2006). Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (9th ed.). McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing Division. p. 30. ISBN 978-0-07-146031-6.
^ Mounier, Joëlle; Vasselon, T; Hellio, R; Lesourd, M; Sansonetti, PJ (January 1992). "Shigella flexneri Enters Human Colonic Caco-2 Epithelial Cells through the Basolateral Pole". Infection and Immunity. 60 (1): 237–248. PMC 257528. PMID 1729185.
^ Todar, Kenneth. "Shigella and Shigellosis". Todar's Online Textbook of Bacteriology. ^{[self-published source?]}
^ Suzuki, Toshihiko; Sasakawa, Chihiro (2001). "Molecular basis of the intracellular spreading of Shigella". Infection and Immunity. 69 (10): 5959–66. doi:10.1128/IAI.69.10.5959-5966.2001. PMC 98722. PMID 11553531.
^ Hill Gaston, J (2003). "Arthritis associated with enteric infection". Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology. 17 (2): 219–39. doi:10.1016/S1521-6942(02)00104-3. PMID 12787523.
^ Ito, Hideo; Kido, Nobuo; Arakawa, Yoshichika; Ohta, Michio; Sugiyama, Tsuyoshi; Kato, Nobuo (1991). "Possible mechanisms underlying the slow lactose fermentation phenotype in Shigella spp". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 57 (10): 2912–7. PMC 183896. PMID 1746953.
^ Ram, P. K.; Crump, J. A.; Gupta, S. K.; Miller, M. A.; Mintz, E. D. (2008). "Part II. Analysis of data gaps pertaining to Shigella infections in low and medium human development index countries, 1984–2005". Epidemiology and Infection. 136 (5): 577–603. doi:10.1017/S0950268807009351. PMC 2870860. PMID 17686195.
^ Christopher, Prince RH; David, Kirubah V; John, Sushil M; Sankarapandian, Venkatesan; Christopher, Prince RH (2010). "Antibiotic therapy for Shigella dysentery". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (8): CD006784. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006784.pub4. PMID 20687081.
^ "How can Shigella infections be treated?". Shigellosis: General Information. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved February 11, 2012.
^ Goodridge, Lawrence D. (2013). "Bacteriophages for managingShigellain various clinical and non-clinical settings". Bacteriophage. 3 (1): e25098. doi:10.4161/bact.25098. PMC 3694061. PMID 23819110.

External links

Shigella genomes and related information at PATRIC, a Bioinformatics Resource Center funded by NIAID
Vaccine Resource Library: Shigellosis and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)
US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Shigella - Shigellosis

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 赤痢菌感染：臨床症状および診断 shigella infection clinical manifestations and diagnosis
2. 赤痢菌感染：小児における治療および予防 shigella infection treatment and prevention in children
3. 赤痢菌感染：成人における治療および予防 shigella infection treatment and prevention in adults
4. 赤痢菌感染：疫学、微生物学、および病因 shigella infection epidemiology microbiology and pathogenesis
5. 発展途上国における成人の急性下痢に対するアプローチ approach to the adult with acute diarrhea in developing countries

English Journal

Antisense inhibition of gene expression and growth in gram-negative bacteria by cell-penetrating peptide conjugates of peptide nucleic acids targeted to rpoD gene.

Bai H, You Y, Yan H, Meng J, Xue X, Hou Z, Zhou Y, Ma X, Sang G, Luo X.SourceDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian 710032, PR China.
Biomaterials.Biomaterials.2012 Jan;33(2):659-67. Epub 2011 Oct 14.
Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) cause common and severe hospital- and community-acquired infections with a high incidence of multidrug resistance (MDR) and mortality. The emergence and spread of MDR-GNB strains limit therapeutic options and highlight the need to develop new therapeutic strategies. In t
PMID 22000398

Purification and characterization of a Ca(2+)-dependent novel lectin from Nymphaea nouchali tuber with antiproliferative activities.

Kabir SR, Zubair MA, Nurujjaman M, Haque MA, Hasan I, Islam MF, Hossain MT, Hossain MA, Rakib MA, Alam MT, Shaha RK, Hossain MT, Kimura Y, Absar N.SourceDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh. rashelkabir@ru.ac.bd
Bioscience reports.Biosci Rep.2011 Dec;31(6):465-75.
A lectin (termed NNTL) was purified from the extracts of Nymphaea nouchali tuber followed by anion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, hydrophobic chromatography on HiTrap Phenyl HP and by repeated anion-exchange chromatography on HiTrap Q FF column. The molecular mass of the purified lectin
PMID 21291421

Japanese Journal

Effects of probiotic fermentation on the enhancement of biological and pharmacological activities of Codonopsis lanceolata extracted by high pressure treatment(METHODS)

He Xinlong,Zou Yunyun,Yoon Won-Byong,Park Sung-Jin,Park Dong-Sik,Ahn Juhee
Journal of bioscience and bioengineering 112(2), 188-193, 2011-08
… The HPE-BLF and HPE-LRF samples exhibited the most noticeable antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Shigella boydii (MICs<15mg/mL). …
NAID 110008711124

Live non-invasive Shigella dysenteriae 1 strain induces homologous protective immunity in a guinea pig colitis model

Barman Soumik,Kumar Ranajit,Chowdhury Goutam [他]
Microbiology and immunology 55(10), 683-693, 2011-10
NAID 40019027483

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「細菌」「腸内細菌科」「細胞内寄生菌」「細菌性赤痢」「急性胃腸炎」
拡張検索	「Shigella dysenteriae」「Shigella属」「Shigella flexneri」

「細菌」

Shigella
	Photomicrograph of Shigella sp. in a stool specimen
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Proteobacteria
Class:	Gammaproteobacteria
Order:	Enterobacteriales
Family:	Enterobacteriaceae
Genus:	Shigella; Castellani & Chalmers 1919
Species
	S. boydii; S. dysenteriae; S. flexneri; S. sonnei

　　[★]

英: bacterium,(pl.) bacteria
同: バクテリア
関: 特殊な細菌、細菌の鑑別、細菌の同定？、細菌の分類？

細菌の命名

ラテン語であり、イタリックで表す。
「属名 + 種名」で表現される。

グラム染色性と形状による分類と疾患

形状

球菌

Staphylococcus aureus

多様

ナイセリア属

淋菌

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

淋病

ストレプトコッカス属

化膿性連鎖球菌

Streptococcus pyogenes

多様

莢膜

髄膜炎菌

Neisseria meningitidis

多様

肺炎球菌

Streptococcus pneumoniae

ベイヨネラ属

Veillonella

エンテロコッカス属

(総称)腸球菌

Enterococcus faecalis

モラクセラ属/
ブランハメラ亜属

Moraxella catarrhalis

肺炎

Enterococcus faecium

桿菌

Bacillus anthracis

好気性菌、有芽胞菌、莢膜

肺炎、尿路感染

Bacillus cereus

好気性菌、有芽胞菌

Escherichia coli

通性嫌気性

Clostridium tetani

嫌気性菌、有芽胞菌

下痢、肺炎、尿路感染

Clostridium botulinum

ボツリヌス中毒

プロテウス属

尿路感染

ウェルシュ菌

Clostridium perfringens

多様

サルモネラ属

パラチフス菌

Sallmonella serovar Paratyphi

腸チフス

通性嫌気性

ディフィシル菌

Clostridium difficile

多様

チフス菌

Sallmonella serovar Typhi

通性嫌気性

ガス壊疸菌群

セラチア属

Serratia

日和見感染

通性嫌気性

マイコバクテリウム科

マイコバクテリウム属

結核菌

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

無芽胞菌

Shigella

通性嫌気性

Mycobacterium leprae

Yersinia pestis

通性嫌気性

コリネバクテリウム科

コリネバクテリウム属

ジフテリア菌

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

ジフテリア

Yersinia enterocolitica

多様

通性嫌気性

Vibrio cholerae

通性嫌気性

アクチノマイセス科

アクチノマイセス属(放線菌属)

(総称)放線菌

Actinomyces

腸炎ビブリオ

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

腸炎ビブリオ感染症

通性嫌気性

リステリア属

Listeria monocytogenes

リステリア症

嫌気性菌、無芽胞菌、人獣共通感染症、通性細胞内寄生菌

パスツレラ科

ヘモフィルス属

インフルエンザ菌

Haemophilis influenzae

多様

パスツレラ属

パスツレラ属菌

Pasteurella multocida

人獣共通感染症

ストレプトバシラス属

ストレプトバシラス属菌

Streptobacillus moniliformis

鼠咬症

シュードモナス属

緑膿菌

Psudomonas aeruginosa

緑膿菌感染症

好気性、院内感染症

ボルデテラ属

百日咳菌

Bordetela pertussis

好気性、短桿菌

Brucella

好気性、細胞内増殖菌、短桿菌

Francisella tularensis

野兎病

好気性、球桿菌

レジオネラ属

Legionella pneumophila

ポンティアック熱/レジオネラ肺炎

好気性

バクテロイデス属

Bacteroides fragilis

嫌気性感染症

偏性嫌気性菌

らせん菌

スピロヘータ科

トレポネーマ属

梅毒トレポネーマ

Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum

梅毒

ボレリア属

回帰熱ボレリア

Borrelia recurrentis

回帰熱

ライム病ボレリア

Borrelia burgdorferi

Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae

黄疸出血性レプトスピラ症(レプトスピラ症、ワイル病、黄疸性ワイル病)

？

？

カンピロバクター属菌

？

Helicobacter pylori

「腸内細菌科」

　　[★]

英: Enterobacteriaceae
関: 細菌

代表的なもの８つを覚ておく！

エンテロバクター属 Enterobacter
エシェリキア属  Escherichia
クレブシエラ属 Klebsiella
プロテウス属 Proteus
サルモネラ属 Salmonella
セラチア属 Serratia
シゲラ属 Shigella
エルシニア属 Yersinia

腸内細菌科 (SMB.163)

属	菌種	日和見感染菌	感染症
Citrobacter	Citrobacter freundii		尿路感染、骨髄炎、下痢
Edwardsiella	Edwardsiella tarda	○	腸管外感染症
Enterobacter	Enterobacter aerogenes	○	肺炎、尿路感染
	Enterobacter cloacae
	Enterobacter gergoviae
	Enterobacter sakazakii		新生児敗血症、髄膜炎
Escherichia	Escherichia coli		下痢、腸炎、腸管外感染症(尿路感染症、骨髄炎)
Hafnia	Hafnia alvei		腸管外感染症
Klebsiella	Klebsiella oxytoca		下痢
Klebsiella	Klebsiella pneumoniae	○	肺炎、尿路感染
Kluyvera	Kluyvera ascorbata	○
Kluyvera	Kluyvera cryocrescens	○
Morganella	Morganella morganii		尿路感染症
Proteus	Proteus mirabilis	○	尿路感染症
Proteus	Proteus vulgaris	○	尿路感染症
Providencia	Providencia alcalifaciens		尿路感染症、下痢
	Providencia rettgeri		尿路感染症、下痢
	Providencia stuartii		尿路感染症
Salmonella	Salmonella enterica		腸チフス、急性胃腸炎(食中毒)
Serratia	Serratia liquefaciens	○
Serratia	Serratia marcescens	○
Shigella	Shigella boydii		細菌性赤痢
	Shigella dysenteriae
	Shigella flexneri
	Shigella sonnei
Yersinia	Yersinia enterocolitica		急性胃腸炎(食中毒)、回腸末端炎、結節性紅斑
	Yersinia pestis		ペスト
	Yersinia pseudotuberculosis		腸間膜リンパ節炎、関節炎

「細胞内寄生菌」

　　[★]

英: intracellular organism, intracellular epiphyte
同: 細胞内寄生、細胞外寄生菌

宿主細胞内環境で増殖する細菌の総称

マクロファージ内で生存、増殖することができる。

ファゴソームとリソソームの融合阻止などによりマクロファージの細胞内で増殖できることが特徴であり、細胞外で増殖できないと言うことではない。

分類

通性細胞内寄生菌：細胞内でも細胞外でも増殖できる。
偏性細胞内寄生菌：細胞内でしか増殖できない

	細胞内寄生菌	細胞外寄生菌
生体防御反応	肉芽腫形成	膿瘍を形成

偏性細胞内寄生菌と通性細胞内寄生菌

偏性細胞内寄生菌	リケッチア、クラミジア、らい菌？
通性細胞内寄生菌	結核菌, リステリア属菌, サルモネラ属菌(チフス菌、パラチフス菌、サルモネラ症を起こす菌), ブルセラ属菌, 梅毒トレポネーマ, レジオネラ属菌

表：細胞内増殖：SMB. 111

ファゴソーム内で増殖(リソソームの融合を起こさせない)

ファゴソームを破砕し細胞質内に逃げ込む

Nocardia
Shigella
Rickettsia
Trypanosoma

リソソームの融合が起きる、あるいはファゴソームを修飾する

「細菌性赤痢」

　　[★]

dysentery
英: bacillary dysentery, shigellosis
関: 赤痢、アメーバ赤痢、感染症法

概念

汚染された飲食もつなどを介して感染し(糞口感染)、志賀毒素により消化管を障害する。

特徴

三類感染症

病原体

Shigella属　←　鞭毛を持たない

D群赤痢菌 Shigella sonnei　　　：日本で最多。
A群赤痢菌 Shigella dysenteriae：もっとも重症な赤痢の原因菌
Shigella flexneri　　　：輸入例でみられる

潜伏期間

1-5日

感染経路

糞口感染

病態

菌体数10個程度で感染が成立。
赤痢菌は腸管上皮細胞に進入して炎症を惹起し、表層粘膜の破壊と粘膜潰瘍を起こさせる　→　細胞質内に進入してアクチンの重合を利用して動き回る　→腸管上皮の潰瘍を伴った急性炎症症状(粘膜下層よりも深く拡散することはごくまれ　→　敗血症とならない(⇔サルモネラ属)　))
大腸(特にS状結腸)(ときに、回盲部末端)：粘膜の出血性化膿炎、次いで潰瘍、壊死を来す

症状

腹痛を伴うテネスムス、膿・粘血便の排泄
悪寒・発熱、腹痛、テネスムス、粘血・脳性下痢便。

身体所見

腹部陥没、S状結腸を圧痛性索状物として触知する。

治療

薬物療法

1. ニューロキノロン系抗菌薬(1st choice)
2. 小児や1.禁忌例にはホスホマイシン

「急性胃腸炎」

　　[★]

英: acute gastroenteritis
関: 感染性胃腸炎、viral gastroenteritis

下痢症である

感染性胃腸炎

上部消化管症状

嘔気、嘔吐

下部消化管症状

下痢

分類(SMB.604)

非炎症性

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
Vibrio cholerae O1, *Vibrio cholerae O139
NAG vibrio
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Bacillus cereus
Clostridium perfringens
Rotavirus
Norovirus
Sapovirus
Astrovirus

炎症性

Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli
Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli
Shigella
Salmonella
Yersinia enterocolitica
Campylobacter jejuni
Campylobacter coli
Entamoeba histolytica

「Shigella dysenteriae」

　　[★] 志賀赤痢菌、赤痢菌

関: dysentery bacilli、dysentery bacillus、Shigella

「Shigella属」

　　[★]

ラ: Shigella
関: 赤痢菌、赤痢菌属、シゲラ、シゲラ属

「Shigella flexneri」

　　[★]

シゲラ・フレックスネリ

[1] Yabuuchi, Eiko (2002). "Bacillus dysentericus (sic) 1897 was the first taxonomic rather than Bacillus dysenteriae 1898". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 52 (Pt 3): 1041. doi:10.1099/00207713-52-3-1041. PMID 12054222.

[2] Ryan, Kenneth James; Ray, C. George, eds. (2004). Sherris medical microbiology: an introduction to infectious diseases (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill Professional Med/Tech. ISBN 978-0-8385-8529-0. ^{[page needed]}

[3] Pond, Kathy (2005). "Shigella". Water recreation and disease. Plausibility of associated infections: Acute effects, sequelae and mortality. WHO. pp. 113–8. ISBN 978-92-4-156305-5.

[4] "Shigellosis" (PDF). European Association of Zoo and Wildlife Veterinarians.

[5] Mims, Cedric; Dockrell, Hazel; Goering, Richard; Roitt, Ivan; Wakelin, Derek; Zuckerman, Mark, eds. (2004). Medical Microbiology (3rd ed.). Mosby. p. 287. ISBN 978-0-7234-3259-3.

[YellowBook-6] Bowen A (2016). "Chapter 3: Infectious Diseases Related to Travel". The Yellow Book: Health Information for International Travel. CDC. ISBN 978-0-19-937915-6. Retrieved 22 June 2016.

[:0-7] Mani, Sachin; Wierzba, Thomas; Walker, Richard I (2016). "Status of vaccine research and development for Shigella". Vaccine. 34 (26): 2887–2894.

[8] Kotloff, Karen L; Nataro, James P; Blackwelder, William C; et al. (2013). "Burden and aetiology of diarrhoeal disease in infants and young children in developing countries (the Global Enteric Multicenter Study, GEMS): a prospective, case-control study". The Lancet. 382 (9888): 209–222.

[9] Ansaruzzaman, M; Kibriya, AK; Rahman, A; Neogi, PK; Faruque, AS; Rowe, B; Albert, MJ (1995). "Detection of provisional serovars of Shigella dysenteriae and designation as S. dysenteriae serotypes 14 and 15". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 33 (5): 1423–5. PMC 228185. PMID 7615772.

[10] Yang, Z; Hu, C; Chen, J; Chen, G; Liu, Z (1990). "[A new serotype of Shigella boydii]". Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao (in Chinese). 30 (4): 284–95. PMID 2251827.

[Baron-11] Hale, Thomas L.; Keusch, Gerald T. (1996). "Shigella". In Baron, Samuel. Medical microbiology (4th ed.). Galveston, Texas: University of Texas Medical Branch. ISBN 978-0-9631172-1-2.

[WHO_shigellosis-12] "Shigellosis". State of the art of new vaccine research and development (PDF). Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals. World Health Organization. 2006. pp. 10–2.

[Yang2005-13] Yang, Fan; Yang, Jian; Zhang, Xiaobing; Chen, Lihong; Jiang, Yan; Yan, Yongliang; Tang, Xudong; Wang, Jing; Xiong, Zhaohui; Dong, Jie; Xue, Ying; Zhu, Yafang; Xu, Xingye; Sun, Lilian; Chen, Shuxia; Nie, Huan; Peng, Junping; Xu, Jianguo; Wang, Yu; Yuan, Zhenghong; Wen, Yumei; Yao, Zhijian; Shen, Yan; Qiang, Boqin; Hou, Yunde; Yu, Jun; Jin, Qi (2005). "Genome dynamics and diversity of Shigella species, the etiologic agents of bacillary dysentery". Nucleic Acids Research. 33 (19): 6445–58. doi:10.1093/nar/gki954. PMC 1278947. PMID 16275786.

[14] Levinson, Warren E (2006). Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (9th ed.). McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing Division. p. 30. ISBN 978-0-07-146031-6.

[Mounier-15] Mounier, Joëlle; Vasselon, T; Hellio, R; Lesourd, M; Sansonetti, PJ (January 1992). "Shigella flexneri Enters Human Colonic Caco-2 Epithelial Cells through the Basolateral Pole". Infection and Immunity. 60 (1): 237–248. PMC 257528. PMID 1729185.

[16] Todar, Kenneth. "Shigella and Shigellosis". Todar's Online Textbook of Bacteriology. ^{[self-published source?]}

[17] Suzuki, Toshihiko; Sasakawa, Chihiro (2001). "Molecular basis of the intracellular spreading of Shigella". Infection and Immunity. 69 (10): 5959–66. doi:10.1128/IAI.69.10.5959-5966.2001. PMC 98722. PMID 11553531.

[18] Hill Gaston, J (2003). "Arthritis associated with enteric infection". Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology. 17 (2): 219–39. doi:10.1016/S1521-6942(02)00104-3. PMID 12787523.

[pmid1746953-19] Ito, Hideo; Kido, Nobuo; Arakawa, Yoshichika; Ohta, Michio; Sugiyama, Tsuyoshi; Kato, Nobuo (1991). "Possible mechanisms underlying the slow lactose fermentation phenotype in Shigella spp". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 57 (10): 2912–7. PMC 183896. PMID 1746953.

[20] Ram, P. K.; Crump, J. A.; Gupta, S. K.; Miller, M. A.; Mintz, E. D. (2008). "Part II. Analysis of data gaps pertaining to Shigella infections in low and medium human development index countries, 1984–2005". Epidemiology and Infection. 136 (5): 577–603. doi:10.1017/S0950268807009351. PMC 2870860. PMID 17686195.

[21] Christopher, Prince RH; David, Kirubah V; John, Sushil M; Sankarapandian, Venkatesan; Christopher, Prince RH (2010). "Antibiotic therapy for Shigella dysentery". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (8): CD006784. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006784.pub4. PMID 20687081.

[22] "How can Shigella infections be treated?". Shigellosis: General Information. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved February 11, 2012.

[pmid23819110-23] Goodridge, Lawrence D. (2013). "Bacteriophages for managingShigellain various clinical and non-clinical settings". Bacteriophage. 3 (1): e25098. doi:10.4161/bact.25098. PMC 3694061. PMID 23819110.

Shigella

Photomicrograph of Shigella sp. in a stool specimen
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Proteobacteria
Class:	Gammaproteobacteria
Order:	Enterobacteriales
Family:	Enterobacteriaceae
Genus:	Shigella Castellani & Chalmers 1919
Species
S. boydii S. dysenteriae S. flexneri S. sonnei

匿名

検索

案内

Shigella

WordNet

Wikipedia preview

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Contents

Classification

Pathogenesis

Diagnosis

Prevention and treatment

See also

References

External links

UpToDate Contents

English Journal

Japanese Journal

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★リンクテーブル★

「細菌」

細菌の命名

グラム染色性と形状による分類と疾患

「腸内細菌科」

腸内細菌科 (SMB.163)

「細胞内寄生菌」

分類

偏性細胞内寄生菌と通性細胞内寄生菌

表：細胞内増殖：SMB. 111

「細菌性赤痢」

概念

特徴

病原体

潜伏期間

感染経路

病態

症状

身体所見

治療

「急性胃腸炎」

感染性胃腸炎

分類(SMB.604)

非炎症性

炎症性

「Shigella dysenteriae」

「Shigella属」

「Shigella flexneri」