(日和見感染と関連する腸内細菌の一種)トロバクター・フロインデイ

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/04/09 17:08:30」(JST)

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Citrobacter freundii is a species of facultative, anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli of the Enterobacteriaceae family.^[1] The bacteria are long bacterial rods with a typical length of 1–5 μm.^[2] Most C. freundii cells generally have several flagella used for locomotion, but some do not and are non-motile. C. freundii is a soil organism, but can also be found in water, sewage, food and in the intestinal tracts of animals and humans.^[2] The Citrobacter genus was discovered in 1932 by Werkman and Gillen. Cultures of C. freundii were isolated and identified in the same year from soil extracts.^[2]

As an opportunistic pathogen, C. freundii is responsible for a number of significant infections. It is known to be the cause of nosocomial infections of the respiratory tract, urinary tract, blood, and many other normally sterile sites in patients.^[3] C. freundii represents about 29% of all opportunistic infections.^[3]

Though a pathogen to humans, this infectious microbe in humans plays an important role in the nitrogen cycle in the environment. C. freundii is responsible for reducing nitrate to nitrite in the environment.^[4] This conversion is an important and crucial stage in the nitrogen cycle.

C. freundii has also been investigated for biodegradation of tannic acid used in tanneries.^[4]

C. freundii has the ability to grow on glycerol, and use it as its sole source of carbon and energy. The organism contains a bacterial microcompartment which is capable of processing propanediol.^[5]

References

^ "Citrobacter SPP.". Pathogen Safety Data Sheet — Infectious Substances. Public Health Agency of Canada. 2012.
^ ^a ^b ^c Wang, J. T.; Chang, S. C.; Chen, Y. C.; Luh, K. T. (2000). "Comparison of antimicrobial susceptibility of Citrobacter freundii isolates in two different time periods". Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection = Wei mian yu gan ran za zhi 33 (4): 258–262. PMID 11269372.
^ ^a ^b Whalen, J. G.; Mully, T. W.; English, J. C. (2007). "Spontaneous Citrobacter freundii Infection in an Immunocompetent Patient". Archives of Dermatology 143 (1): 124–125. doi:10.1001/archderm.143.1.124. PMID 17224563.
^ ^a ^b Puchenkova, S. G. (1996). "Enterobacteria in areas of water along the Crimean coast". Mikrobiolohichnyi zhurnal (Kiev, Ukraine : 1993) 58 (2): 3–7. PMID 8983520.
^ Pang, A.; Warren, M. J.; Pickersgill, R. W. (2011). "Structure of PduT, a trimeric bacterial microcompartment protein with a 4Fe–4S cluster-binding site". Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography 67 (2): 91–96. doi:10.1107/S0907444910050201. PMID 21245529.

External links

"Citrobacter freundii". NCBI Taxonomy Browser. 546.

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UpToDate Contents

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1. 腎移植レシピエントにおける尿路感染症 urinary tract infection in renal transplant recipients
2. サルモネラ症の微生物学および疫学 microbiology and epidemiology of salmonellosis
3. 脳膿瘍の病因、臨床症状、および診断 pathogenesis clinical manifestations and diagnosis of brain abscess
4. グラム陰性桿菌性髄膜炎：治療 gram negative bacillary meningitis treatment
5. 肝移植における感染性合併症 infectious complications in liver transplantation

English Journal

Impact of Gram-negative bacteria in interaction with a complex microbial consortium on biogenic amine content and sensory characteristics of an uncooked pressed cheese.

Delbès-Paus C, Pochet S, Helinck S, Veisseire P, Bord C, Lebecque A, Coton M, Desmasures N, Coton E, Irlinger F, Montel MC.SourceINRA, UR545 Recherches Fromagères, 20 Côte de Reyne, 15000 Aurillac, France. celine.delbes@clermont.inra.fr
Food microbiology.Food Microbiol.2012 May;30(1):74-82. Epub 2011 Dec 14.
The impact of Gram-negative bacteria on sensory characteristics and production of volatile compounds as well as biogenic amines (BA) in the core of an uncooked pressed type model cheese was investigated in the presence of a defined complex microbial consortium. Eleven strains of Gram-negative bacter
PMID 22265286

Enterobacteriaceae producing the KPC-2 carbapenemase from hospital sewage.

Zhang X, Lü X, Zong Z.SourceCenter of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Division of Infectious Diseases, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China.
Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease.Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis.2012 Mar 28. [Epub ahead of print]
Fifteen isolates with reduced susceptibility to meropenem were obtained from hospital sewage. They contained bla(KPC-2) and belonged to multiple clones of Citrobacter freundii or Enterobacter cloacae. bla(KPC-2) was commonly carried by self-transmissible plasmids with different EcoRI-restricted patt
PMID 22463869

Japanese Journal

Citrobacter による感染性腹部大動脈瘤に対し en-bloc 切除を施行した1例

平岡有努,都津川敏範,片山桂次郎,近沢元太,吉鷹秀範,杭ノ瀬昌彦,石田敦久
日本血管外科学会雑誌 = The Japanese journal of vascular surgery : official journal of the Japanese Society for Vascular Surgery 19(6), 711-714, 2010-10-25
NAID 10027674795

間欠導尿中に発症した気腫性膀胱炎の1例

日向泰樹,川上一雄,Hyuga Taiju,Kawakami Kazuo
泌尿器科紀要 56(2), 115-117, 2010-02
… Urinalysis and urine culture revealed pyuria and bacteriuria with Citrobacter freundii. …
NAID 120001920744

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リンク元	「腸内細菌科」「シトロバクター属」「シトロバクター・フロインデイ」

「腸内細菌科」

Citrobacter
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Proteobacteria
Class:	Gammaproteobacteria
Order:	Enterobacteriales
Family:	Enterobacteriaceae
Genus:	Citrobacter
Species:	C. freundii

　　[★]

英: Enterobacteriaceae
関: 細菌

代表的なもの８つを覚ておく！

エンテロバクター属 Enterobacter
エシェリキア属  Escherichia
クレブシエラ属 Klebsiella
プロテウス属 Proteus
サルモネラ属 Salmonella
セラチア属 Serratia
シゲラ属 Shigella
エルシニア属 Yersinia

腸内細菌科 (SMB.163)

属	菌種	日和見感染菌	感染症
Citrobacter	Citrobacter freundii		尿路感染、骨髄炎、下痢
Edwardsiella	Edwardsiella tarda	○	腸管外感染症
Enterobacter	Enterobacter aerogenes	○	肺炎、尿路感染
	Enterobacter cloacae
	Enterobacter gergoviae
	Enterobacter sakazakii		新生児敗血症、髄膜炎
Escherichia	Escherichia coli		下痢、腸炎、腸管外感染症(尿路感染症、骨髄炎)
Hafnia	Hafnia alvei		腸管外感染症
Klebsiella	Klebsiella oxytoca		下痢
Klebsiella	Klebsiella pneumoniae	○	肺炎、尿路感染
Kluyvera	Kluyvera ascorbata	○
Kluyvera	Kluyvera cryocrescens	○
Morganella	Morganella morganii		尿路感染症
Proteus	Proteus mirabilis	○	尿路感染症
Proteus	Proteus vulgaris	○	尿路感染症
Providencia	Providencia alcalifaciens		尿路感染症、下痢
	Providencia rettgeri		尿路感染症、下痢
	Providencia stuartii		尿路感染症
Salmonella	Salmonella enterica		腸チフス、急性胃腸炎(食中毒)
Serratia	Serratia liquefaciens	○
Serratia	Serratia marcescens	○
Shigella	Shigella boydii		細菌性赤痢
	Shigella dysenteriae
	Shigella flexneri
	Shigella sonnei
Yersinia	Yersinia enterocolitica		急性胃腸炎(食中毒)、回腸末端炎、結節性紅斑
	Yersinia pestis		ペスト
	Yersinia pseudotuberculosis		腸間膜リンパ節炎、関節炎