関: dysentery bacilli、dysentery bacillus、Shigella

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/05/25 15:10:40」(JST)

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Shigella dysenteriae is a species of the rod-shaped bacterial genus Shigella.^[1]^{[page needed]} Shigella species can cause shigellosis (bacillary dysentery). Shigellae are Gram-negative, nonspore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, nonmotile bacteria.^[2]

S. dysenteriae, spread by contaminated water and food, causes the most severe dysentery because of its potent and deadly Shiga toxin, but other species may also be dysentery agents.^[3] Contamination is often caused by bacteria on unwashed hands during food preparation, or soiled hands reaching the mouth.^{[citation needed]}

Signs and symptoms

The most commonly observed signs associated with Shigella dysentery include colitis, malnutrition, rectal prolapse, tenesmus, reactive arthritis, and central nervous system problems. Further, S. dysenteriae is associated with the development of hemolytic uremic syndrome, which includes anemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal failure.

Diagnosis

Since the typical fecal specimen is not sterile, the use of selective plates is mandatory. XLD agar, DCA agar, or Hektoen enteric agar are inoculated; all give colorless colonies as the organism is not a lactose fermenter. Inoculation of a TSI slant shows an alkaline slant and acidic, but with no gas, or H
2S production. Following incubation on SIM, the culture appears nonmotile with no H
2S production. Addition of Kovac's reagent to the SIM tube following growth typically indicates no indole formation (serotypes 2, 7, and 8 produce indole^[4]).

Shigella flexneri will produce acid and gas from glucose, and Shigella sonnei is mannitol and ornithine positive, and is also a late lactose fermenter (ONPG positive). Some Shigella species can produce indole.

References

^ Ryan, Kenneth James; Ray, C. George, ed. (2004). Sherris medical microbiology: an introduction to infectious diseases (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill Professional Med/Tech. ISBN 978-0-8385-8529-0.
^ Hale, Thomas L.; Keusch, Gerald T. (1996). "Shigella: Structure, Classification, and Antigenic Types". In Baron, Samuel. Medical microbiology (4 ed.). Galveston, Texas: University of Texas Medical Branch. ISBN 978-0-9631172-1-2. Retrieved February 11, 2012.
^ Herold S, Karch H, Schmidt H (2004). "Shiga toxin-encoding bacteriophages—genomes in motion". Int J Med Microbiolo 294 (2–3): 115–121. doi:10.1016/j.ijmm.2004.06.023. PMID 15493821.
^ Germani, Y.; Sansonetti, P.J. (2006). "Chapter 3.3.6: The Genus Shigella". In Dworkin, M. (editor-in-chief). The Prokaryotes: Proteobacteria: gamma subclass 6 (3rd ed.). Springer. pp. 99–122. doi:10.1007/0-387-30746-x_6. ISBN 0-387-25496-X.

External Links

"Shigella dysenteriae". NCBI Taxonomy Browser. 622.

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UpToDate Contents

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1. 資源の限られた国における成人の急性下痢に対するアプローチ approach to the adult with acute diarrhea in resource limited countries
2. 赤痢菌感染：臨床症状および診断 shigella infection clinical manifestations and diagnosis
3. 赤痢菌感染：成人における治療および予防 shigella infection treatment and prevention in adults
4. 赤痢菌感染：疫学、微生物学、および病因 shigella infection epidemiology microbiology and pathogenesis
5. 補体介在性溶血性尿毒症症候群 complement mediated hemolytic uremic syndrome

English Journal

The effects of the carboxyl-terminus amino acids of the Shiga toxin B-subunit on retrograde transport.

Liu D, Fan Y, Li J, Gao X, Hao M, Xue H, Tai G.SourceSchool of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China.
Molecular medicine reports.Mol Med Report.2012 Jul;6(1):220-6. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2012.885. Epub 2012 Apr 23.
The Shiga toxin B-subunit (STxB), from the enteric pathogen, Shigella dysenteriae, is responsible for the attachment of its receptor, globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), and navigates the retrograde pathway from the plasma membrane to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In t
PMID 22552548

Antimicrobial-resistant Shigella infections from Iran: an overlooked problem?

Tajbakhsh M, García Migura L, Rahbar M, Svendsen CA, Mohammadzadeh M, Zali MR, Aarestrup FM, Hendriksen RS.SourceResearch Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Shahid Beheshti University, Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran.
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy.J Antimicrob Chemother.2012 May;67(5):1128-33. Epub 2012 Feb 17.
OBJECTIVES: In this study, we wanted to assess the level of antimicrobial resistance, the presence of genes encoding resistance to cephalosporins and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR), and genetic relatedness among Shigella isolates obtained from Iranian patients.METHODS: A total of 44 Sh
PMID 22345385

Japanese Journal

Live non-invasive Shigella dysenteriae 1 strain induces homologous protective immunity in a guinea pig colitis model

Barman Soumik,Kumar Ranajit,Chowdhury Goutam [他]
Microbiology and immunology 55(10), 683-693, 2011-10
NAID 40019027483

Synthesis, Antibacterial Activity and Quantum-Chemical Studies of Novel 2-Arylidenehydrazinyl-4-arylthiazole Analogues

Alam Mohammad Sayed,Liu Lijun,Lee Yong-Eok,Lee Dong-Ung
CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 59(5), 568-573, 2011
… These compounds were screened for in vitro antimicrobial activities against eight bacteria, e.g. Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, and three fungi e.g. Aspergillus oryzae, Candida albicans, and Saccharomyces cerevis. …
NAID 130000648871

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「腸内細菌科」「細菌性赤痢」「シゲラ属」「dysentery bacilli」「dysentery bacillus」

「腸内細菌科」

Shigella dysenteriae
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Proteobacteria
Class:	Gammaproteobacteria
Order:	Enterobacteriales
Family:	Enterobacteriaceae
Genus:	Shigella
Species:	S. dysenteriae
Binomial name
	Shigella dysenteriae; (Shiga 1897); Castellani & Chalmers 1919

　　[★]

英: Enterobacteriaceae
関: 細菌

代表的なもの８つを覚ておく！

エンテロバクター属 Enterobacter
エシェリキア属  Escherichia
クレブシエラ属 Klebsiella
プロテウス属 Proteus
サルモネラ属 Salmonella
セラチア属 Serratia
シゲラ属 Shigella
エルシニア属 Yersinia

腸内細菌科 (SMB.163)

属	菌種	日和見感染菌	感染症
Citrobacter	Citrobacter freundii		尿路感染、骨髄炎、下痢
Edwardsiella	Edwardsiella tarda	○	腸管外感染症
Enterobacter	Enterobacter aerogenes	○	肺炎、尿路感染
	Enterobacter cloacae
	Enterobacter gergoviae
	Enterobacter sakazakii		新生児敗血症、髄膜炎
Escherichia	Escherichia coli		下痢、腸炎、腸管外感染症(尿路感染症、骨髄炎)
Hafnia	Hafnia alvei		腸管外感染症
Klebsiella	Klebsiella oxytoca		下痢
Klebsiella	Klebsiella pneumoniae	○	肺炎、尿路感染
Kluyvera	Kluyvera ascorbata	○
Kluyvera	Kluyvera cryocrescens	○
Morganella	Morganella morganii		尿路感染症
Proteus	Proteus mirabilis	○	尿路感染症
Proteus	Proteus vulgaris	○	尿路感染症
Providencia	Providencia alcalifaciens		尿路感染症、下痢
	Providencia rettgeri		尿路感染症、下痢
	Providencia stuartii		尿路感染症
Salmonella	Salmonella enterica		腸チフス、急性胃腸炎(食中毒)
Serratia	Serratia liquefaciens	○
Serratia	Serratia marcescens	○
Shigella	Shigella boydii		細菌性赤痢
	Shigella dysenteriae
	Shigella flexneri
	Shigella sonnei
Yersinia	Yersinia enterocolitica		急性胃腸炎(食中毒)、回腸末端炎、結節性紅斑
	Yersinia pestis		ペスト
	Yersinia pseudotuberculosis		腸間膜リンパ節炎、関節炎

「細菌性赤痢」

　　[★]

dysentery
英: bacillary dysentery, shigellosis
関: 赤痢、アメーバ赤痢、感染症法

概念

汚染された飲食もつなどを介して感染し(糞口感染)、志賀毒素により消化管を障害する。

特徴

三類感染症

病原体

Shigella属　←　鞭毛を持たない

D群赤痢菌 Shigella sonnei　　　：日本で最多。
A群赤痢菌 Shigella dysenteriae：もっとも重症な赤痢の原因菌
Shigella flexneri　　　：輸入例でみられる

潜伏期間

1-5日

感染経路

糞口感染

病態

菌体数10個程度で感染が成立。
赤痢菌は腸管上皮細胞に進入して炎症を惹起し、表層粘膜の破壊と粘膜潰瘍を起こさせる　→　細胞質内に進入してアクチンの重合を利用して動き回る　→腸管上皮の潰瘍を伴った急性炎症症状(粘膜下層よりも深く拡散することはごくまれ　→　敗血症とならない(⇔サルモネラ属)　))
大腸(特にS状結腸)(ときに、回盲部末端)：粘膜の出血性化膿炎、次いで潰瘍、壊死を来す