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French bacteriologist born in Switzerland; was a student of Pasteur; discovered the plague bacillus (1863-1943) (同)Alexandre Yersin, Alexandre Emile Jean Yersin

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/08 21:31:40」(JST)

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Yersinia is a genus of bacteria in the family Enterobacteriaceae. Yersinia species are Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria, a few micrometers long and fractions of a micrometer in diameter, and are facultative anaerobes.^[1] Some members of Yersinia are pathogenic in humans; in particular, Y. pestis is the causative agent of the plague. Rodents are the natural reservoirs of Yersinia; less frequently, other mammals serve as the host. Infection may occur either through blood (in the case of Y. pestis) or in an alimentary fashion, occasionally via consumption of food products (especially vegetables, milk-derived products, and meat) contaminated with infected urine or feces.

Speculations exist as to whether or not certain Yersinia can also be spread by protozoonotic mechanisms, since Yersinia species are known to be facultative intracellular parasites; studies and discussions of the possibility of amoeba-vectored (through the cyst form of the protozoan) Yersinia propagation and proliferation are now in progress.^[2]

Microbial physiology

An interesting feature peculiar to some of the Yersinia bacteria is the ability to not only survive, but also to actively proliferate at temperatures as low as 1-4°C (e.g., on cut salads and other food products in a refrigerator). Yersinia bacteria are relatively quickly inactivated by oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide and potassium permanganate solutions.

Genetics

Database

The creation of YersiniaBase, a data and tools collection for the reporting and comparison of Yersinia species genome sequence data, was reported in January 2015.^[3] The provisional representation of species addressed by the resource has been indicated in the TaxBox on this page by a superscript 'yb' beside the species name.^[3] Development of YersiniaBase was funded by the University of Malaya and the Ministry of Education, Malaysia.^[3]

Pathogenesis

Y. pestis is the causative agent of plague. The disease caused by Y. enterocolitica is called yersiniosis.

Yersinia may be associated with Crohn's disease, an inflammatory autoimmune condition of the gut. Iranian sufferers of Crohn's disease were more likely to have had earlier exposure to refrigerators at home,^[4] consistent with its unusual ability to thrive at low temperatures.

Yersinia is implicated as one of the causes of reactive arthritis worldwide.^[5]

Also, the genus is associated with pseudoappendicitis, which is an incorrect diagnosis of appendicitis due to a similar presentation.^[6]

History

Y. pestis, the first known species, was identified by A.E.J. Yersin, a Swiss bacteriologist, and Kitasato Shibasaburō, a Japanese bacteriologist.^[7] It was formerly described as Pasteurella pestis (known trivially as the plague-bacillus) by Lehmann and Neumann in 1896.^[7]^[8] In 1944, van Loghem reclassified the species P. pestis and P. rondentium into a new genus, Yersinia.^[7]^[8] Following the introduction of the bacteriological code, it was accepted as valid in 1980.^[8]

Treatment

The most effective treatment is a combination of streptomycin and tetracycline, especially when treatment with one of these antibiotics singly has failed.^{[citation needed]}

References

^ Ryan KJ; Ray CG (editors) (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed.). McGraw Hill. pp. 368–70. ISBN 0-8385-8529-9.
^ Bichai, F.; Payment, P.; Barbeau, B. (2008). "Protection of waterborne pathogens by higher organisms in drinking water: a review". Can. J. Microbiol. 54 (7): 509–524. doi:10.1139/W08-039. PMID 18641697. edit
^ ^a ^b ^c Tan, Shi Yang; Dutta, Avirup; Jakubovics, Nick S. et al. (16 January 2015). "YersiniaBase: a genomic resource and analysis platform for comparative analysis of Yersinia". BMC Bioinformatics. doi:10.1186/s12859-014-0422-y.
^ Malekzadeh, F.; Alberti, C.; Nouraei, M.; Vahedi, H.; Zaccaria, I.; Meinzer, U.; Nasseri-Moghaddam, S.; Sotoudehmanesh, R.; Momenzadeh, S.; Khaleghnejad, R.; Rashtak, S.; Olfati, G.; Malekzadeh, R.; Hugot, J. P. (2009). Timmer, Antje, ed. "Crohn's disease and early exposure to domestic refrigeration" (FREE FULL TEXT). PLoS ONE 4 (1): e4288. Bibcode:2009PLoSO...4.4288M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004288. PMC 2629547. PMID 19177167. edit
^ Nikkari, S.; Merilahti-Palo, R.; Saario, R.; Söderstrom, K. O.; Granfors, K.; Skurnik, M.; Toivanen, P. (1992). "Yersinia-triggered reactive arthritis. use of polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemical staining in the detection of bacterial components from synovial specimens". Arthritis & Rheumatism 35 (6): 682–687. doi:10.1002/art.1780350613. edit
^ "EMedicine". Retrieved 2010-07-22.
^ ^a ^b ^c Loghem, J. J. (1944). "The classification of the plague-bacillus". Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 10 (1–2): 15–16. doi:10.1007/BF02272779. PMID 20990853. edit
^ ^a ^b ^c Yersinia entry in LPSN [Euzéby, J.P. (1997). "List of Bacterial Names with Standing in Nomenclature: a folder available on the Internet". Int J Syst Bacteriol 47 (2): 590–2. doi:10.1099/00207713-47-2-590. ISSN 0020-7713. PMID 9103655. ]

External links

Yersinia Enterocolitis Mimicking Crohn's Disease in a Toddler
Sweden: Pork warnings over new stomach illness
Yersinia genomes and related information at PATRIC, a Bioinformatics Resource Center funded by NIAID
YersiniaBase

UpToDate Contents

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1. エルシニア感染症の臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of yersinia infections
2. 腸炎エルシニアおよび偽結核菌感染症の治療および予防 treatment and prevention of yersinia enterocolitica and yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection
3. エルシニア感染の微生物学および病因 microbiology and pathogenesis of yersinia infections
4. ペスト（Yersinia pestis感染症）の臨床症状、診断、および治療 clinical manifestations diagnosis and treatment of plague yersinia pestis infection
5. ペスト（Yersinia pestis感染症）の疫学、微生物学および病因 epidemiology microbiology and pathogenesis of plague yersinia pestis infection

English Journal

Assessment of the microbiological quality of fresh produce on sale in Sicily, Italy: preliminary results.

Cardamone C1, Aleo A2, Mammina C2, Oliveri G1, Di Noto AM1.
Journal of biological research (Thessalonikē, Greece).J Biol Res (Thessalon).2015 Feb 28;22(1):3. doi: 10.1186/s40709-015-0026-3. eCollection 2015.
BACKGROUND: Fresh produce occupies an increasingly important place in the human food supply because of its health-promoting nutritional properties. Most fresh produce is eaten raw or after minimal processing and, consequently, pathogen contamination can represent a serious health risk. There has bee
PMID 25984508

Synthesis and antibacterial properties of 2,3-dideoxyglucosides of terpene alcohols and phenols.

Bound DJ1, Murthy PS1, Srinivas P2.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2015 Oct 15;185:192-9. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.03.078. Epub 2015 Mar 28.
Essential oils and their oxygenated terpene constituents possess potent antimicrobial properties. In the present study, a facile synthetic route to the 2,3-dideoxy 1-O-glucosides of important phenols and terpene alcohols in excellent yields (85-96%) has been delineated. Studies on their antimicrobia
PMID 25952857

Inactivation of avirulent Yersinia pestis on food and food contact surfaces by ultraviolet light and freezing.

Sommers CH1, Sheen S2.
Food microbiology.Food Microbiol.2015 Sep;50:1-4. doi: 10.1016/j.fm.2015.02.008. Epub 2015 Feb 21.
Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, can occasionally be contracted as a naso-pharyngeal or gastrointestinal illness through consumption of contaminated meat. In this study, the use of 254 nm ultraviolet light (UV-C) to inactivate a multi-isolate cocktail of avirulent Y. pestis on food
PMID 25998808

Japanese Journal

病原性エルシニアの疫学と検査法 (シンポジウム今,注目すべき食品媒介病原体)

福島博
日本食品微生物学会雑誌 28(2), 104-113, 2011
NAID 40018901910

症例報告 Yersinia pseudotuberculosis感染により多発性肝膿瘍が発症した2型糖尿病の1例

工藤忠睦,明比祐子,蘆田健二 [他]
糖尿病 54(3), 183-186, 2011-03
NAID 40018792985

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「腸内細菌科」「急性尿細管間質性腎炎」「エルシニア属」「yersiniae」
拡張検索	「Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection」「Yersinia pestis infection」

「腸内細菌科」

Yersinia
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Proteobacteria
Class:	Gammaproteobacteria
Order:	Enterobacteriales
Family:	Enterobacteriaceae
Genus:	Yersinia; van Loghem, 1944
Species
	Y. aldovaeyb; Y. aleksiciae; Y. bercovieriyb; Y. enterocoliticayb Y. enterocolitica subsp. enterocolitica Yersinia enterocolitica subsp. palearctica ; Y. entomophaga; Y. frederikseniiyb; Y. intermediayb; Y. kristenseniiyb; Y. massiliensisyb; Y. mollaretiiyb; Y. nurmii; Y. pekkanenii; Y. pestisyb; Y. philomiragia; Y. pseudotuberculosisyb Y. pseudotuberculosis subsp. pestis Y. pseudotuberculosis subsp. pseudotuberculosis ; Y. rohdeiyb; Y. ruckeriyb; Y. similis;

　　[★]

英: Enterobacteriaceae
関: 細菌

代表的なもの８つを覚ておく！

エンテロバクター属 Enterobacter
エシェリキア属  Escherichia
クレブシエラ属 Klebsiella
プロテウス属 Proteus
サルモネラ属 Salmonella
セラチア属 Serratia
シゲラ属 Shigella
エルシニア属 Yersinia

腸内細菌科 (SMB.163)

属	菌種	日和見感染菌	感染症
Citrobacter	Citrobacter freundii		尿路感染、骨髄炎、下痢
Edwardsiella	Edwardsiella tarda	○	腸管外感染症
Enterobacter	Enterobacter aerogenes	○	肺炎、尿路感染
	Enterobacter cloacae
	Enterobacter gergoviae
	Enterobacter sakazakii		新生児敗血症、髄膜炎
Escherichia	Escherichia coli		下痢、腸炎、腸管外感染症(尿路感染症、骨髄炎)
Hafnia	Hafnia alvei		腸管外感染症
Klebsiella	Klebsiella oxytoca		下痢
Klebsiella	Klebsiella pneumoniae	○	肺炎、尿路感染
Kluyvera	Kluyvera ascorbata	○
Kluyvera	Kluyvera cryocrescens	○
Morganella	Morganella morganii		尿路感染症
Proteus	Proteus mirabilis	○	尿路感染症
Proteus	Proteus vulgaris	○	尿路感染症
Providencia	Providencia alcalifaciens		尿路感染症、下痢
	Providencia rettgeri		尿路感染症、下痢
	Providencia stuartii		尿路感染症
Salmonella	Salmonella enterica		腸チフス、急性胃腸炎(食中毒)
Serratia	Serratia liquefaciens	○
Serratia	Serratia marcescens	○
Shigella	Shigella boydii		細菌性赤痢
	Shigella dysenteriae
	Shigella flexneri
	Shigella sonnei
Yersinia	Yersinia enterocolitica		急性胃腸炎(食中毒)、回腸末端炎、結節性紅斑
	Yersinia pestis		ペスト
	Yersinia pseudotuberculosis		腸間膜リンパ節炎、関節炎