WordNet

rod-shaped Gram-negative enterobacteria; cause typhoid fever and food poisoning; can be used as a bioweapon
of or relating to the enteron (同)enteral

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サルモネラ菌(食中毒の原因になる)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/07/25 13:15:11」(JST)

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Salmonella enterica (formerly Salmonella choleraesuis) is a rod-shaped, flagellated, facultative anaerobic, Gram-negative bacterium and a member of the genus Salmonella.^[1]

Epidemiology

Most cases of salmonellosis are caused by food infected with S. enterica, which often infects cattle and poultry, though also other animals such as domestic cats^{[citation needed]} and hamsters^[2] have also been shown to be sources of infection to humans. However, investigations of vacuum cleaner bags have shown that households can act as a reservoir of the bacterium; this is more likely if the household has contact with an infection source, for example members working with cattle or in a veterinary clinic.

Raw chicken eggs and goose eggs can harbor S. enterica, initially in the egg whites, although most eggs are not infected. As the egg ages at room temperature, the yolk membrane begins to break down and S. enterica can spread into the yolk. Refrigeration and freezing do not kill all the bacteria, but substantially slow or halt their growth. Pasteurizing and food irradiation are used to kill Salmonella for commercially produced foodstuffs containing raw eggs such as ice cream. Foods prepared in the home from raw eggs such as mayonnaise, cakes, and cookies can spread salmonella if not properly cooked before consumption.

Pathogenesis

Secreted proteins are of major importance for the pathogenesis of infectious diseases caused by Salmonella enterica. A remarkable large number of fimbrial and non-fimbrial adhesins are present in Salmonella, and mediate biofilm formation and contact to host cells. Secreted proteins are also involved in host cell invasion and intracellular proliferation, two hallmarks of Salmonella pathogenesis.^[3]

Nomenclature

Salmonella enterica has 6 subspecies, and each subspecies has associated serovars that differ by antigenic specificity.^[4] There are over 2500 serovars for S. enterica.^[5] Salmonella bongori used to be considered a subspecies of S. enterica, but it is now the other species in the Salmonella genus. Most of the human pathogenic Salmonella serovars belong to the S. enterica subsp. enterica subspecies. These serogroups include Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Paratyphi, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Salmonella Choleraesuis. The serovars can be designated as written in the previous sentence (capitalized and non-italicized following the genus), or as follows: "S. enterica subsp. enterica, serovar Typhi."

References

^ Giannella RA (1996). Salmonella. In: Baron's Medical Microbiology (Barron S et al., eds.) (4th ed.). Univ of Texas Medical Branch. ISBN 0-9631172-1-1. (via NCBI Bookshelf).
^ Swanson SJ, Snider C, Braden CR, et al. (2007). "Multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium associated with pet rodents". New England Journal of Medicine 356 (1): 21–28. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa060465. PMID 17202452.
^ Hensel M (2009). "Secreted Proteins and Virulence in Salmonella enterica". Bacterial Secreted Proteins: Secretory Mechanisms and Role in Pathogenesis. Caister Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-904455-42-4.
^ http://www.textbookofbacteriology.net/salmonella.html
^ Medical Microbiology (6th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Mosby Elsevier. 2009. p. 307.

External links

Wikispecies has information related to: Salmonella enterica

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Salmonella.

Notes on Salmonella nomenclature
Salmonella enterica at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
Current research on Salmonella typhimurium at the Norwich Research Park

UpToDate Contents

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1. 便培養で非チフス性サルモネラが検出された患者へのアプローチ approach to the patient with nontyphoidal salmonella in a stool culture
2. 非チフス性サルモネラ菌血症 nontyphoidal salmonella bacteremia
3. サルモネラ症の微生物学および疫学 microbiology and epidemiology of salmonellosis
4. サルモネラ胃腸炎の病因 pathogenesis of salmonella gastroenteritis
5. 腸チフスの疫学、微生物学、臨床症状、および診断 epidemiology microbiology clinical manifestations and diagnosis of typhoid fever

English Journal

Foodborne illness outbreaks from microbial contaminants in spices, 1973-2010.

Van Doren JM, Neil KP, Parish M, Gieraltowski L, Gould LH, Gombas KL.SourceUnited States Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, MD 20740, USA. Electronic address: jane.vandoren@fda.hhs.gov.
Food microbiology.Food Microbiol.2013 Dec;36(2):456-64. doi: 10.1016/j.fm.2013.04.014. Epub 2013 Apr 28.
This review identified fourteen reported illness outbreaks attributed to consumption of pathogen-contaminated spice during the period 1973-2010. Countries reporting outbreaks included Canada, Denmark, England and Wales, France, Germany, New Zealand, Norway, Serbia, and the United States. Together, t
PMID 24010629

Differences in biofilm formation of produce and poultry Salmonella enterica isolates and their persistence on spinach plants.

Patel J, Singh M, Macarisin D, Sharma M, Shelton D.SourceU.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Bldg. 201, Beltsville, MD 20707, USA. Electronic address: jitu.patel@ars.usda.gov.
Food microbiology.Food Microbiol.2013 Dec;36(2):388-94. doi: 10.1016/j.fm.2013.06.019. Epub 2013 Jul 6.
Spinach plants were irrigated biweekly with water containing 2.1 log CFU Salmonella/100 ml water (the maximum Escherichia coli MPN recommended by the Leafy Greens Marketing Agreement; LGMA), or 4.1 CFU Salmonella/100 ml water to determine Salmonella persistence on spinach leaves. Green Fluoresc
PMID 24010621

Use of marination for controlling Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes in raw beef.

Rhoades J, Kargiotou C, Katsanidis E, Koutsoumanis KP.SourceLaboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
Food microbiology.Food Microbiol.2013 Dec;36(2):248-53. doi: 10.1016/j.fm.2013.06.010. Epub 2013 Jun 27.
The effect of marination on the survival and growth of the pathogens Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes on beef pieces was investigated. Five marinades were used: soy sauce base marinade without (SB) or with lactic acid (SBLA), red wine base marinade without (WB) or with 0.5% v/v oregano
PMID 24010604

Japanese Journal

Allele-specific primer polymerase chain reaction for a single nucleotide polymorphism (C1205T) of swine Toll-like receptor 5 and comparison of the allelic frequency among several pig breeds in Japan and the Czech Republic

Muneta Yoshihiro,Minagawa Yu,Kusumoto Masahiro [他]
Microbiology and immunology 56(6), 385-391, 2012-06
NAID 40019311511

Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern and the Indicator of Decreased Ciprofloxacin Susceptibility of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Isolated from Dhulikhel Hospital, Nepal

Acharya Dhruba,Trakulsomboon Suwanna,Madhup Surendra Kumar [他]
Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases 65(3), 264-267, 2012-05
NAID 40019276893

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「腸内細菌科」「Salmonella菌」「S. enterica」
拡張検索	「Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A」「Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis」
関連記事	「enteric」

「腸内細菌科」

Salmonella enterica
	S. enterica Typhimurium colonies on a Hektoen enteric agar plate
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Eubacteria
Phylum:	Proteobacteria
Class:	Gammaproteobacteria
Order:	Enterobacteriales
Family:	Enterobacteriaceae
Genus:	Salmonella
Species:	S. enterica
Binomial name
	Salmonella enterica; (ex Kauffmann & Edwards 1952); Le Minor & Popoff 1987
Subspecies
	S. enterica subsp. arizonae; S. enterica subsp. diarizonae; S. enterica subsp. enterica; S. enterica subsp. houtenae; S. enterica subsp. indica; S. enterica subsp. salamae

　　[★]

英: Enterobacteriaceae
関: 細菌

代表的なもの８つを覚ておく！

エンテロバクター属 Enterobacter
エシェリキア属  Escherichia
クレブシエラ属 Klebsiella
プロテウス属 Proteus
サルモネラ属 Salmonella
セラチア属 Serratia
シゲラ属 Shigella
エルシニア属 Yersinia