ウレアーゼ活性をもつ病原性腸内細菌の一種

WordNet

type genus of the Proteidae (同)genus Proteus
(Greek mythology) a prophetic god who served Poseidon; was capable of changing his shape at will
four oclocks (同)genus Mirabilis

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/04/09 12:37:30」(JST)

wiki en

Proteus mirabilis appears as Gram negative rods after gram staining under bright field microscopy with 1000 times magnification

Proteus mirabilis is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod shaped bacterium. It shows swarming motility, and urease activity. P. mirabilis causes 90% of all Proteus infections in humans.

Diagnosis

An alkaline urine sample is a possible sign of P. mirabilis.

P. mirabilis can be diagnosed in the lab due to characteristic swarming motility, and inability to metabolize lactose (on a MacConkey agar plate, for example). Also P. mirabilis produces a very distinct fishy odour.

Disease

This rod shaped bacterium has the ability to produce high levels of urease. Urease hydrolyzes urea to ammonia (NH₃) and thus makes the urine more alkaline. If left untreated, the increased alkalinity can lead to the formation of crystals of struvite, calcium carbonate, and/or apatite. The bacteria can be found throughout the stones, and these bacteria lurking in the kidney stones can reinitiate infection after antibiotic treatment. Once the stones develop, over time they may grow large enough to cause obstruction and renal failure. Proteus can also cause wound infections, septicemia, and pneumonias, mostly in hospitalized patients.

Treatment

P. mirabilis is generally susceptible to most antibiotics apart from tetracycline, however 10%–20% of P. mirabilis strains are also resistant to first generation cephalosporins and ampicillins.

Characteristics

P. mirabilis can use urea. It can produce hydrogen sulfide gas, and forms clear films on growth media. It is motile, possessing peritrichous flagella, and is known for its swarming ability. It is commonly found in the intestinal tract of humans. P. mirabilis is not pathogenic in guinea pigs or chickens. Noteworthy is the ability of this species to inhibit growth of unrelated strains resulting in a macroscopically visible line of reduced bacterial growth where two swarming strains intersect. This line is named Dienes line after its discoverer Louis Dienes.

The micro-organism tests:

Indole negative and Nitrate reductase positive (no gas bubbles produced)
Methyl Red positive and Voges-Proskauer negative (Can be both MR and V-P Positive)
Catalase positive and Cytochrome Oxidase negative
Phenylalanine Deaminase positive
Tryptophan test- negative (-)
Urea test- positive
Casein test-negative
Starch test- negative
Hydrogen sulfide test- positive
Citrate agar test- Positive
Ornithine Decarboxylase - Positive
Lysine Decarboxylase - Negative

External links

"Proteus mirabilis and Urinary Tract Infection" [1].
Proteus Genome Projects from Genomes OnLine Database
Bacteria of the species Proteus mirabilis are widely distributed in soil and water in the natural environment. In humans, Proteus is found as part of the normal flora of the gut....from http://www.biomedhtc.org.uk/ProteusMirabilis.htm BioMedHTC]

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 尿路感染症における細菌付着およびその他の病原因子 bacterial adherence and other virulence factors for urinary tract infection
2. 成人におけるグラム陰性桿菌菌血症 gram negative bacillary bacteremia in adults
3. 女性における急性単純性膀胱炎および腎盂腎炎 acute uncomplicated cystitis and pyelonephritis in women
4. 急性複雑性膀胱炎および腎盂腎炎 acute complicated cystitis and pyelonephritis
5. セフェム系 cephalosporins

English Journal

Superior in vitro activity of ertapenem and piperacillin/tazobactam against recent clinical isolates of Proteus mirabilis from intra-abdominal infections (SMART 2009-2010).

Hawser SP.SourceIHMA Europe Sarl, 4 Route de la Corniche, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.
International journal of antimicrobial agents.Int J Antimicrob Agents.2011 Aug;38(2):186-7. Epub 2011 May 31.
PMID 21632217

Antimicrobial Resistance in Urinary Tract Pathogens in Canada from 2007 to 2009: CANWARD Surveillance Study.

Karlowsky JA, Lagace-Wiens PR, Simner PJ, Decorby MR, Adam HJ, Walkty A, Hoban DJ, Zhanel GG.SourceDepartment of Clinical Microbiology, Health Sciences Centre, MS673-820 Sherbrook St., Winnipeg, Manitoba R3A 1R9, Canada. jkarlowsky@hsc.mb.ca.
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy.Antimicrob Agents Chemother.2011 Jul;55(7):3169-75. Epub 2011 May 2.
From January 2007 to December 2009, an annual Canadian national surveillance study (CANWARD) tested 2,943 urinary culture pathogens for antimicrobial susceptibilities according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. The most frequently isolated urinary pathogens were as follows (
PMID 21537027

Japanese Journal

Clinical features of Proteus mirabilis pneumonia

OKIMOTO Niro,HAYASHI Toshikiyo,ISHIGA Mitsunori,NANBA Fumiyo,KISHIMOTO Michihiro,YAGI Shinichi,KURIHARA Takeyuki,ASAOKA Naoko,TAMADA Sadao
Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy 16(5), 364-366, 2010-10-01
NAID 10027190762

A phenomenon useful for the detection of Salmonella implementing a device from citrus extracts

MIDORIKAWA Yutaka,NEWTON Paul N,NAKAMURA Satoshi,PHETSOUVANH Rattanaphone,MIDORIKAWA Kaoru
Tropical medicine and health 37(3), 115-120, 2009-09-01
… The effect of lemon slices, as well as ascorbic and citric acid impregnated paper discs, on the growth of ten non-typhoidal Salmonella, six Citrobacter freundii and four Proteus mirabilis species on Dexocycholate Hydrogen Sulfide Lactose (DHL) agar were examined in comparison to controls without fruit slices or paper discs applied. …
NAID 10025715282

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「腸内細菌科」「耐性菌」「尿路感染症」「日和見感染菌」「プロテウス属」
関連記事	「Mirabilis」「Proteus」

「腸内細菌科」

Proteus mirabilis
	P. mirabilis on an XLD agar plate.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Proteobacteria
Class:	Gamma Proteobacteria
Order:	Enterobacteriales
Family:	Enterobacteriaceae
Genus:	Proteus
Species:	P. mirabilis
Binomial name
	Proteus mirabilis; Hauser 1885

　　[★]

英: Enterobacteriaceae
関: 細菌

代表的なもの８つを覚ておく！

エンテロバクター属 Enterobacter
エシェリキア属  Escherichia
クレブシエラ属 Klebsiella
プロテウス属 Proteus
サルモネラ属 Salmonella
セラチア属 Serratia
シゲラ属 Shigella
エルシニア属 Yersinia