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aerobic bacteria widely distributed in nature (同)genus Aerobacter

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/12/27 17:00:14」(JST)

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Enterobacter is a genus of common Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Several strains of these bacteria are pathogenic and cause opportunistic infections in immunocompromised (usually hospitalized) hosts and in those who are on mechanical ventilation. The urinary and respiratory tracts are the most common sites of infection. The genus Enterobacter is a member of the coliform group of bacteria. It does not belong to the fecal coliforms (or thermotolerant coliforms) group of bacteria, as does Escherichia coli, because it is incapable of growth at 44.5°C in the presence of bile salts.^[1]

Two clinically important species from this genus are E. aerogenes and E. cloacae.

Biochemical characteristics[edit]

The genus Enterobacter ferments lactose with gas production during a 48-hour incubation at 35-37°C in the presence of bile salts and detergents. It is oxidase-negative, indole-negative, and urease-negative.^[1]^[2]

Treatment[edit]

Note: Treatment is dependent on local trends of antibiotic resistance.

Cefepime, a fourth-generation cephalosporin from the beta-lactam antibiotic class.
Imipenem (carbapenems) is often the antibiotic of choice.
Aminoglycosides such as amikacin have been found to be very effective, as well.^[2]
Quinolones can be an effective alternative.^[2]

Linked to obesity[edit]

Main article: Endotoxin

A recent study has shown that the presence of Enterobacter cloacae B29 in the gut of a morbidly obese individual may have contributed to the patient’s obesity. Reduction of the bacterial load within the patient’s gut, from 35% E. cloacae B29 to non-detectable levels, was associated with a parallel reduction in endotoxin load in the patient and a concomitant, significant reduction in weight.^[3] Furthermore, the same bacterial strain, isolated from the patient, induced obesity and insulin resistance in germfree C57BL/6J mice that were being fed a high-fat diet. The study concludes that E. cloacae B29 may contribute to obesity in its human hosts through an endotoxin-induced, inflammation-mediated mechanism.^[3]

References[edit]

^ ^a ^b Cabral, JPS (2010). "Water Microbiology. Bacterial Pathogens and Water.". Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 7: 3657–3703. doi:10.3390.
^ ^a ^b ^c Russo Thomas A, Johnson James R, "Chapter 143. Diseases Caused by Gram-Negative Enteric Bacilli" (Chapter). Fauci AS, Braunwald E, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL, Loscalzo J: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 17e: http://www.accessmedicine.com/content.aspx?aID=2894446.
^ ^a ^b "An opportunistic pathogen isolated from the gut of an obese human causes obesity in germfree mice". The ISME Journal. December 13, 2012. doi:10.1038. ISSN 1751-7362. Retrieved December 18, 2012.

External links[edit]

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UpToDate Contents

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1. 成人におけるグラム陰性桿菌菌血症 gram negative bacillary bacteremia in adults
2. 基質特異性拡張型β-ラクタマーゼ extended spectrum beta lactamases
3. 成人における院内感染性／人工呼吸器関連／医療関連肺炎の治療 treatment of hospital acquired ventilator associated and healthcare associated pneumonia in adults
4. 妊娠中の尿路感染症および無症候性細菌尿 urinary tract infections and asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy
5. セフェム系 cephalosporins

English Journal

Isolation and identification of gastrointestinal microbiota from the short-nosed fruit bat Cynopterus brachyotis brachyotis.

Daniel DS, Ng YK, Chua EL, Arumugam Y, Wong WL, Kumaran JV.SourceUCSI University, No. 1 Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: dianesd461@hotmail.com.
Microbiological research.Microbiol Res.2013 Oct 1;168(8):485-96. doi: 10.1016/j.micres.2013.04.001. Epub 2013 May 22.
Studies on the microbial ecology of gut microbiota in bats are limited and such information is necessary in determining the ecological significance of these hosts. Short-nosed fruit bats (Cynopterus brachyotis brachyotis) are good candidates for microbiota studies given their close association with
PMID 23706760

Hanseniaspora opuntiae, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus fermentum, and Acetobacter pasteurianus predominate during well-performed Malaysian cocoa bean box fermentations, underlining the importance of these microbial species for a successful cocoa bean fermentation process.

Papalexandratou Z, Lefeber T, Bahrim B, Lee OS, Daniel HM, De Vuyst L.SourceResearch Group of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology (IMDO), Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.
Food microbiology.Food Microbiol.2013 Sep;35(2):73-85. doi: 10.1016/j.fm.2013.02.015. Epub 2013 Mar 21.
Two spontaneous Malaysian cocoa bean box fermentations (one farm, two plantation plots) were investigated. Physical parameters, microbial community dynamics, yeast and bacterial species diversity [mainly lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and acetic acid bacteria (AAB)], and metabolite kinetics were monitor
PMID 23664257

Development of glycerol-utilizing Escherichia coli strain for the production of bioethanol.

Thapa LP, Lee SJ, Yoo HY, Choi HS, Park C, Kim SW.SourceDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 1-Anam-Dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 136-701, Republic of Korea.
Enzyme and microbial technology.Enzyme Microb Technol.2013 Aug 15;53(3):206-15. doi: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2013.04.009. Epub 2013 May 7.
The production of bioethanol was studied using recombinant Escherichia coli with glycerol as a carbon source. Glycerol is an attractive feedstock for biofuels production since it is generated as a major byproduct in biodiesel industry; therefore, we investigated the conversion of glycerol to bioetha
PMID 23830464

Japanese Journal

Rapid identification of gram-negative bacteria with and without CTX-M extended-spectrum β-lactamase from positive blood culture bottles by PCR followed by microchip gel electrophoresis

Fujita Shinichi,Yoshizaki Kentaro,Ogushi Thikako,Uechi Kouhei　,Takemori Yukiko,Senda Yasuko
Journal of Clinical Microbiology 49(4), 1483-1488, 2011-04
… Limitations encountered included the inability to detect mixed cultures (four bottles) as well as some species (Enterobacter species and Klebsiella oxytoca) demonstrating identical ITS-PCR patterns. …
NAID 120003141568

口腔日和見細菌の気管内チューブ・カフへの付着

TOLEDO Andreia de,北田勝浩,山口泰平,於保孝彦
口腔衛生学会雑誌 61(1), 57-64, 2011-01-30
… よびカフへの付着能を調べた.またK.pneumoniaeの付着機序を調べるため,付着抑制実験と菌体凝集実験を行った.調べた菌のうちStreptococcus pyogenesとK.pneumoniaeは唾液被覆チューブに,Pseudomonas aeruginsa,K.pneumoniaeおよびEnterobacter cloacaeは唾液被覆カフに強い付着を示した.K.pneumoniaeの唾液被覆カフへの付着はスペルミジンで抑制された.またスペルミジンと唾液はK.pneumoniaeの菌体凝集を誘発した.これらの結果から口腔日和見細菌は唾液 …
NAID 110008440562

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「腸内細菌科」「日和見感染菌」「SPACE」「エンテロバクター属」「Aerobacter」
拡張検索	「Enterobacter属」「Enterobacteriaceae」「Enterobacteriaceae infection」「Enterobacter spp.」

「腸内細菌科」

Enterobacter
	Enterobacter cloacae on Tryptic Soy Broth agar.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Proteobacteria
Class:	Gammaproteobacteria
Order:	Enterobacteriales
Family:	Enterobacteriaceae
Genus:	Enterobacter; Hormaeche & Edwards 1960
Species
	E. aerogenes; E. amnigenus; E. agglomerans; E. arachidis; E. asburiae; E. cancerogenous; E. cloacae; E. cowanii; E. dissolvens; E. gergoviae; E. helveticus; E. hormaechei; E. intermedius; E. kobei; E. ludwigii; E. mori; E. nimipressuralis; E. oryzae; E. pulveris; E. pyrinus; E. radicincitans; E. taylorae; E. turicensis; E. sakazakii Enterobacter soli
Synonyms
	Cloaca Castellani & Chalmers, 1919; Aerobacter Hormaeche & Edwards, 1958

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英: Enterobacteriaceae
関: 細菌

代表的なもの８つを覚ておく！

エンテロバクター属 Enterobacter
エシェリキア属  Escherichia
クレブシエラ属 Klebsiella
プロテウス属 Proteus
サルモネラ属 Salmonella
セラチア属 Serratia
シゲラ属 Shigella
エルシニア属 Yersinia