WordNet

(computer science) the area of the screen in graphical user interfaces against which icons and windows appear (同)desktop, screen background
a persons social heritage: previous experience or training; "he is a lawyer with a sports background"
understate the importance or quality of; "he played down his royal ancestry" (同)play down, downplay
information that is essential to understanding a situation or problem; "the embassy filled him in on the background of the incident" (同)background knowledge
extraneous signals that can be confused with the phenomenon to be observed or measured; "they got a bad connection and could hardly hear one another over the background signals" (同)background signal
the part of a scene (or picture) that lies behind objects in the foreground; "he posed her against a background of rolling hills" (同)ground
relatively unimportant or inconspicuous accompanying situation; "when the rain came he could hear the sound of thunder in the background"
tending to undergo or resulting from mutation; "a mutant gene"
an animal that has undergone mutation
(biology) an organism that has characteristics resulting from chromosomal alteration (同)mutation, variation, sport

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1. 成人における持続性の活動性関節リウマチの治療 treatment of persistently active rheumatoid arthritis in adults
2. 脳アミロイドアンギオパチー cerebral amyloid angiopathy
3. ハンチントン病：遺伝学と病因 huntington disease genetics and pathogenesis
4. ヘモグロビン変異の概要 introduction to hemoglobin mutations
5. 先天性および後天性鉄芽球性貧血の原因 causes of congenital and acquired sideroblastic anemias

Beachboard DC, Lu X, Baker SC, Denison MR.SourceDepartment of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
Virology.Virology.2013 Jan 20;435(2):210-3. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2012.10.001. Epub 2012 Oct 23.
Coronavirus replicase nsp4 is critical for virus-induced membrane modifications. An nsp4 mutant (N258T) of murine hepatitis virus (MHV) has been reported to be temperature-sensitive (ts) and to alter membrane targeting. We engineered and recovered all four possible codon variants of N258T in the clo
PMID 23099203

Partial functional conservation of IRX10 homologs in physcomitrella patens and Arabidopsis thaliana indicates an evolutionary step contributing to vascular formation in land plants.

Hörnblad E, Ulfstedt M, Ronne H, Marchant A.AbstractABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Plant cell walls are complex multicomponent structures that have evolved to fulfil an essential function in providing strength and protection to cells. Hemicelluloses constitute a key component of the cell wall and recently a number of the genes thought to encode the enzymes required for its synthesis have been identified in Arabidopsis. The acquisition of hemicellulose synthesis capability is hypothesised to have been an important step in the evolution of higher plants.
BMC plant biology.BMC Plant Biol.2013 Jan 3;13(1):3. [Epub ahead of print]
ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Plant cell walls are complex multicomponent structures that have evolved to fulfil an essential function in providing strength and protection to cells. Hemicelluloses constitute a key component of the cell wall and recently a number of the genes thought to encode the enzymes re
PMID 23286876

Wu M, Wang L, Li Q, Li J, Qin J, Wong J.AbstractABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylase complex (Mi2/NRD/NuRD/NURD) has a broad role in regulation of transcription, DNA repair and cell cycle. Previous studies have revealed a specific interaction between NURD and histone H3N-terminal tail in vitro that is not observed for another HDAC1/2-containing complex, Sin3A. However, the subunit(s) responsible for specific binding of H3 by NURD has not been defined.
Cell & bioscience.Cell Biosci.2013 Jan 3;3(1):1. [Epub ahead of print]
ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylase complex (Mi2/NRD/NuRD/NURD) has a broad role in regulation of transcription, DNA repair and cell cycle. Previous studies have revealed a specific interaction between NURD and histone H3N-terminal tail in vitro that is not observ
PMID 23286669

Impact of Amino Acid Substitutions in B Subunit of DNA Gyrase in Mycobacterium leprae on Fluoroquinolone Resistance

Yokoyama Kazumasa,Kim Hyun,Mukai Tetsu,Matsuoka Masanori,Nakajima Chie,Suzuki Yasuhiko
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 6(10), e1838, 2012-10-11
… Background: Ofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone (FQ) used for the treatment of leprosy. … Additionally, effectiveness of sitafloxacin, a FQ, to mutant DNA gyrases was revealed by low inhibitory concentration of this FQ. …
NAID 120004979565

Somatic Reactivation of Expression of the Silent Maternal Mest Allele and Acquisition of Normal Reproductive Behaviour in a Colony of Peg1/Mest Mutant Mice

INESON Jessica,STAYNER Cherie,HAZLETT Jody,SLOBBE Lynn,ROBSON Ewan,LEGGE Michael,ECCLES Michael R.
The Journal of reproduction and development 58(4), 490-500, 2012-08-01
… In addition, a newly acquired ability to overcome the deficit in maternal reproductive behaviour had occurred in the mutant mice, but this appeared not to be directly linked to the Mest mutation. … Our results suggest that at least one allele of Mest expression is required in the somatic tissues of adult individuals and that under certain conditions (such as in the presence of a Mest insertional mutation or in an altered genetic background), somatically acquired alterations of allelic expression at the Mest locus may occur. …
NAID 10031067254

Dynamics of Hepatitis B Virus Quasispecies in Association with Nucleos(t)ide Analogue Treatment Determined by Ultra-Deep Sequencing.

Nishijima Norihiro,Marusawa Hiroyuki,Ueda Yoshihide,Takahashi Ken,Nasu Akihiro,Osaki Yukio,Kou Tadayuki,Yazumi Shujiro,Fujiwara Takeshi,Tsuchiya Soken,Shimizu Kazuharu,Uemoto Shinji,Chiba Tsutomu
PloS one 7(4), 2012-04-16
… [Background and Aims]: Although the advent of ultra-deep sequencing technology allows for the analysis of heretofore-undetectable minor viral mutants, a limited amount of information is currently available regarding the clinical implications of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genomic heterogeneity. …
NAID 120004057188