n.

グレード、段階、程度

v.

類別する

関: degree、extent、grading、measure、phase、stage、step

WordNet

level to the right gradient
a relative position or degree of value in a graded group; "lumber of the highest grade" (同)level, tier
the height of the ground on which something stands; "the base of the tower was below grade" (同)ground level
a variety of cattle produced by crossbreeding with a superior breed
the gradient of a slope or road or other surface; "the road had a steep grade"
a degree of ablaut (同)gradation
assign a grade or rank to, according to ones evaluation; "grade tests"; "score the SAT essays"; "mark homework" (同)score, mark
determine the grade of or assign a grade to
walk a short distance to a specified place or in a specified manner; "step over to the blackboard"
a short distance; "its only a step to the drugstore" (同)stone''s throw
move or proceed as if by steps into a new situation; "She stepped into a life of luxury"; "he wont step into his fathers footsteps"
support consisting of a place to rest the foot while ascending or descending a stairway; "he paused on the bottom step" (同)stair
a solid block joined to the beams in which the heel of a ships mast or capstan is fixed
the act of changing location by raising the foot and setting it down; "he walked with unsteady steps"
put down or press the foot, place the foot; "For fools rush in where angels fear to tread"; "step on the brake" (同)tread
cause (a computer) to execute a single command
furnish with steps; "The architect wants to step the terrace"
move with ones feet in a specific manner; "step lively"
place (a ships mast) in its step
shift or move by taking a step; "step back"
perform (a play), especially on a stage; "we are going to stage `Othello" (同)present, represent
a section or portion of a journey or course; "then we embarked on the second stage of our Caribbean cruise" (同)leg
a small platform on a microscope where the specimen is mounted for examination (同)microscope stage
a large platform on which people can stand and can be seen by an audience; "he clambered up onto the stage and got the actors to help him into the box"
any scene regarded as a setting for exhibiting or doing something; "All the worlds a stage"--Shakespeare; "it set the stage for peaceful negotiations"
the theater as a profession (usually `the stage'
plan, organize, and carry out (an event); "the neighboring tribe staged an invasion" (同)arrange
arrange in phases or stages; "phase a withdrawal"
(physical chemistry) a distinct state of matter in a system; matter that is identical in chemical composition and physical state and separated from other material by the phase boundary; "the reaction occurs in the liquid phase of the system" (同)form
a particular point in the time of a cycle; measured from some arbitrary zero and expressed as an angle (同)phase_angle
any distinct time period in a sequence of events; "we are in a transitional stage in which many former ideas must be revised or rejected" (同)stage
adjust so as to be in a synchronized condition; "he phased the intake with the output of the machine"
(astronomy) the particular appearance of a bodys state of illumination (especially one of the recurring shapes of the part of Earths moon that is illuminated by the sun); "the full phase of the moon"
a measure for arcs and angles; "there are 360 degrees in a circle" (同)arcdegree
a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process; "a remarkable degree of frankness"; "at what stage are the social sciences?" (同)level, stage, point
a unit of temperature on a specified scale; "the game was played in spite of the 40-degree temperature"
a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality; "a moderate grade of intelligence"; "a high level of care is required"; "it is all a matter of degree" (同)grade, level
the seriousness of something (e.g., a burn or crime); "murder in the second degree"; "a second degree burn"
the highest power of a term or variable
(of mammals) walking on the toes with the posterior part of the foot raised (as cats, dogs, and horses do)
arranged in a sequence of grades or ranks; "stratified areas of the distribution" (同)ranked, stratified
one-hundredth of a right angle (同)grade
changing the ground level to a smooth horizontal or gently sloping surface (同)leveling

PrepTutorEJDIC

《米》(小・中・高校の)『学年』(小学校から12年まで通算する) / 《おもに米》(学業の)『成績』,評点 / (位階・品質・価値などの)『階級』,『等級』 / 《米》(道路・線路などの)傾斜,勾配(こうばい)(《英》gradient) / …‘を'『等級分けする』,‘の'格づけをする / 《米》…‘の'採点をする / 〈道路など〉‘の'勾配(こうばい)をゆるくする / 等級別になる,徐々に変わる,〈色彩などが〉次第に他の色に移る
『一歩』,歩み;一歩の距離,歩幅;短い距離 / (階段・はしごの)『段』,踏み段;《複数形で》『階段』 / (目的・目標への)『一歩』,一段階《+『to』(『toward』)+『名』》 / 足音 / 足跡 / 『歩調』,足取り;(ダンスの)ステップ / (目標に近づく)『手段』,方法,処置 / 階級,昇級 / (音楽で)音程 / (温度計などの)目盛り / 《方向を表す副詞[句]を伴って》(…の方へ)『歩む』,一歩踏み出す,行く / (…を)踏みつける《+『on』+『名』》 / 〈足〉‘を'踏み出す;〈ダンス〉‘の'ステップを踏む / …‘を'歩測する《+『off』(『out』)+『名』,+『名』+『off』(『out』)》 / 〈段〉‘を'切り込む
(劇場・ホールなどの)『舞台』・on stage 舞台上で・《無冠詞》・off stage 舞台の陰で《無冠詞》：ステージ;演壇;《the~》演劇;俳優業,演劇(舞台)の仕事 / (事件・活動などの)『舞台』,場所 / (発達などの)『段階』,時期 / (駅馬車などの止まる)駅,宿場;休憩地;(旅行における休憩地間の)旅程,行程 / =stagecoach / (多段ロケットの)段 / 〈劇〉‘を'『上演する』,〈試合など〉‘を'公開する / (特に劇的に)…‘を'実行する,やってのける
(変化・発達の)『段階』,『局面』 / (物事の)『面』,様相《+『of』+『名』》 / (月・惑星などの)相 / …‘を'段階的に調整(整理)する
〈C〉U〉『程度』,度合 / 〈U〉《古》(社会的)階級,地位,身分 / 〈C〉『学位』,称号 / 〈C〉(寒暖計の)『度』 / 〈C〉(角度の)度 / 〈C〉(数学で)次[数] / 〈C〉(形容詞・副詞の比較の)級 / 〈C〉(犯罪の)等級 / 〈C〉(音階の)度,階 / ちょっと,いくぶん
(大学の)卒業生

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/01/30 19:20:49」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Look up grade in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Grade may refer to:

In education[edit]

Grading (education), a teacher's evaluation of a student's performance in class.
Grade level, Educational stage, the numbering of the year a student has reached in school.
Grade (music), a method of formally assessing the accomplishments of pupils learning musical instruments.

In civil engineering, construction, and geosciences[edit]

Grade (slope), the pitch of a slope such as a hill, road or railway.
Grade level, the top of the ground.
Grading (engineering), the preparation and leveling of land for construction, especially of roads and railways.
Grade separation, aligning a junction of two or more transport axes at different heights to facilitate traffic flow.
Graded bedding, a description of the variation in grain size through a bed in a sedimentary rock.
Lumber#Grades and standards, a rating of lumber (timber) quality and strength

In mathematics[edit]

Graded poset, a partially ordered set equipped with a rank function, sometimes called a ranked poset
Graded vector space, a vector space with an extra piece of structure
Graded algebra, an algebra over a field (or ring) with an extra piece of structure

In measurement and quality control[edit]

Grad (angle), also called grade, a unit for the measurement of plane angles
Ore grade, a measure that describes the concentration of a valuable natural material in the surrounding ore
Grade (fasteners), the grade of nuts and bolts refers to the strength and material
Cetane rating, a measure of diesel fuel's combustion quality
Octane rating, also called gasoline grade, the measure of the autoignition resistance of gasoline (petrol) and other fuels used in spark-ignition internal combustion engines
Grading (tumors), a measure of the aggressiveness of a tumor in medicine
Grade (climbing), a climber's assessment of the difficulty and danger of climbing a hill
Grade (bouldering), a climber's assessment of the difficulty and danger of climbing a route which are distinct from those used in regular climbing
International Scale of River Difficulty, also called grade, a standardized scale used to rate the safety of a stretch of river, or a single rapid.
Grade of service, the quality of voice service in telecommunications
Coin grading, the process of determining the grade or condition of a coin, the key factor in its value
Pattern grading, the scaling of a pattern to a different size in the clothing or footwear industry

In medicine[edit]

Grading (tumors)

Employment or military ranks[edit]

Grade, a title applied to the insignia worn as in a military organization. Soldiers, sailors and airmen can be the same grade; but no two individuals can have the same rank. The terms grade and rank are often confused. The term for a title related to insignia is grade not rank. Examples of grade are Private, Sergeant, Pertty Officer, Ensign, Captain, General, Admiral.

Examples of rank are first, second, etc. The term rank came from phrases such as I out-rank you, which is technically correct.

Grade also mistakenly called 'military rank' as in the U S Army, Air Force, Navy, Coast Guard and/or Civil Air Patrol.

Grade (consulting), a recognized professional level

Places[edit]

Grade, Cornwall, a village in the UK

Other uses[edit]

Grade (surname)
Grade (band), a punk rock band
Evolutionary grade, a paraphyletic group of organisms
Grade, a former parish in Cornwall, now part of Grade-Ruan
Grade, an alternate vowel sound within a word in apophony
Color grading, a color balancing process used in video post-production
Gradable and ungradable adjectives

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Murine Model of Chronic Respiratory Inflammation.

Lugade AA, Bogner PN, Thanavala Y.Source, .
Advances in experimental medicine and biology.Adv Exp Med Biol.2012;780:125-141.
The respiratory mucosa is exposed to the external environment each time we breathe and therefore requires a robust and sophisticated immune defense system. As with other mucosal sites, the respiratory mucosal immune system must balance its response to pathogens while also regulating inflammatory imm
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Genetically Modified Lactococcus lactis for Delivery of Human Interleukin-10 to Dendritic Cells.

Huibregtse IL, Zaat SA, Kapsenberg ML, Sartori da Silva MA, Peppelenbosch MP, van Deventer SJ, Braat H.SourceDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Gastroenterology research and practice.Gastroenterol Res Pract.2012;2012:639291. Epub 2011 Jul 27.
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) plays an indispensable role in mucosal tolerance by programming dendritic cells (DCs) to induce suppressor Th-cells. We have tested the modulating effect of L. lactis secreting human IL-10 (L.??lactis(IL-10)) on DC function in vitro. Monocyte-derived DC incubated with L.?
PMID 21811497

Induction of specific immunotherapy with hymenoptera venoms using ultrarush regimen in children: safety and tolerance.

Kohli-Wiesner A, Stahlberger L, Bieli C, Stricker T, Lauener R.SourceChristine Kuhne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrase 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland.
Journal of allergy.J Allergy (Cairo).2012;2012:790910. Epub 2011 Jul 19.
Background & Objective. Ultrarush induction for specific venom immunotherapy has been shown to be reliable and efficacious in adults. In this study its safety and tolerance in children was evaluated. Methods. Retrospective analysis of 102 ultrarush desensitizations carried out between 1997 and 2
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[Helicobacter pylori Eradication Therapy in Korea].

Kim SY, Jung SW.SourceDepartment of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
The Korean journal of gastroenterology = Taehan Sohwagi Hakhoe chi.Korean J Gastroenterol.2011 Dec 23;58(2):67-73.
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is known to be associated with many gastrointestinal diseases including peptic ulcer. In Korea, eradication of H. pylori is recommended for peptic ulcer disease, low grade gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, and early gastric cancer. Standard triple th
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Japanese Journal

Helicobacter pylori慢性胃炎における血清学的診断の臨床的意義-内視鏡検査所見との比較検討-

春山浩美/中村真一/岸野真衣子/小西洋之/白鳥(立元) 敬子
東京女子医科大学雑誌 81(4), 253-258, 2011-08-25
胃癌の発見をより効率的に行うために、Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)感染の有無、および感染者では胃癌発生のリスクとされる胃粘膜萎縮の程度を調べることが重要である。血清H.pylori抗体価と血清ペプシノゲン(PG)値による血清学的診断の有用性について検討した。2007年6月から2009年2月に東京女子医科大学国際統合医科学インスティテュート(IREIIMS)の実証実験に参 …
NAID 110008604390

Biomarker expression in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: potential progression predictive factors for low-grade lesions

Ozaki Satoru,Zen Yoh,Inoue Masaki
Human Pathology 42(7), 1007-1012, 2011-07
… Of 99 patients with intraepithelial neoplasia 1 for whom follow-up data was available, 62 (73%) showed spontaneous regression, 17 (20%) demonstrated persistent low-grade lesion, and 7 (7%) progressed to intraepithelial neoplasia 2/3. … In conclusion, this study revealed that p16INK4a and ProEx C are useful biomarkers for the diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, and have potential as predictors of progression of low-grade lesions. …
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ESR によるフロアブルコンポジットレジンの重合特性に関する研究

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岐阜歯科学会雑誌 38(1), 7-19, 2011-06-20
この研究の目的は,ESR 法により市販の光重合型フロアブルレジンの重合特性を検討することである.レジン硬化体中に発生するポリマーラジカルを検出・観察し,照射時間による二重結合の反応率に与える影響と照射後重合による反応率の変化について検討した.市販のフロアブルレジン(FR)を使用し,キセノンランプ(30分間光照射)と歯科用ハロゲン照射器(10,20,40秒間照射)で光照射した.光照射直後の反応率は, …
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A multi-institution phase II study of gemcitabine/S-1 combination chemotherapy for patients with advanced biliary tract cancer.

Kanai Masashi,Yoshimura Kenichi,Tsumura Takehiko,Asada Masanori,Suzuki Chihiro,Niimi Miyuki,Matsumoto Shigemi,Nishimura Takafumi,Nitta Takashi,Yasuchika Kentaro,Taura Kojiro,Mori Yukiko,Hamada Akihiko,Inoue Naoya,Tada Shinsuke,Yanagihara Kazuhiro,Yazumi Shujiro,Osaki Yukio,Chiba Tsutomu,Ikai Iwao,Fukushima Masanori,Uemoto Shinji,Hatano Etsuro
Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 67(6), 1429-1434, 2011-06
… The following grade 3–4 hematological toxicities occurred: neutropenia (56%), leukopenia (24%), anemia (8%) and thrombocytopenia (4%). … In spite of the high incidence of grade 3–4 neutropenia, no patients developed febrile neutropenia in the present study. … The major grade 3–4 non-hematological toxicities were fatigue (8%), anorexia (8%) and diarrhea (4%). …
NAID 120003238952

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「100Cases 16」「phase」「extent」「段階」「程度」
拡張検索	「retrograde degeneration」「high grade SIL」
関連記事	「graded」

「100Cases 16」

　　[★]

☆case16　膝の痛み

■glossary

indigestion 消化障害、消化不良

■症例

80歳　男性

主訴：左膝の痛みと腫脹

現病歴：左膝の痛みを2日前から認めた。膝は発熱・腫脹しており、動かすと疼痛を生じる。時々胸焼けと消化不良が見られる。6ヶ月前のhealth checkで、高血圧(172/102mmHg)と血中クレアチニンが高い(正常高値)こと以外は正常といわれた。その4週間数回血圧を測定したが、高値が継続したため、2.5mg bendrofluamethizide(UK)/ベンドロフルメチアジド bendroflumethiazide(US)で治療を開始した。最近の血圧は138/84 mmHgであった。

喫煙歴：なし。

飲酒歴：一週間に平均4unit。

既往歴：股関節に中程度(mild)の変形性関節症

家族歴：特記なし

服薬歴：アセトアミノフェン(股関節の疼痛に対して)

身体所見 examination

　血圧 142/86mmHg。体温37.5℃。脈拍88/分。grade 2 hypertensive retinopathy(高血圧症性網膜症)。心血管系、呼吸器系に検査場異常なし。手にDIPにヘバーデン結節なし。

　左膝が発熱し腫脹している。関節内に液、patellar tap陽性。90℃以上膝関節を屈曲させると痛みを生じる。右の膝関節は正常に見える。

検査　 investigation

　生化学：白血球増多、ESR 上昇、尿素高値、グルコース高値

　単純X線：関節間隙やや狭小。それ以外に異常は認めない。

■problem list

　#1 左膝の痛み

　#2 胸焼け

　#3 消化不良

　#4 高血圧

　#5 クレアチニン正常高値

　#6 股関節の変形性リウマチ

　#7 高血圧性網膜症

■考え方

　・関節痛の鑑別診断を考える。

　・VINDICATEで考えてみてもよいでしょう。

　・関節痛の頻度としては　外傷＞慢性疾患(OAなど)＞膠原病＞脊椎疾患＞悪性腫瘍

■関節痛の鑑別疾患

DIF 282

V Vascular 血友病 hemophilia, 壊血病 scurvy, 無菌性骨壊死 aseptic bone necrosis (Osgood-Schlatter diseaseとか)

I Inflammatory 淋疾 gonorrhea, ライム病 lyme disease, 黄色ブドウ球菌 Staphylococcus, 連鎖球菌 Streptococcus, 結核 tuberculosis, 梅毒 syphilis, 風疹 rubella, 単純ヘルペス herpes simplex, HIV human immunodeficiency virus, サイトメガロウイルス cytomegalovirus

N Neoplastic disorders 骨原性肉腫 osteogenic sarcoma, 巨細胞腫 giant cell tumors

D Degenerative disorders degenerative joint disease or 変形性関節症 osteoarthritis

I Intoxication 痛風 gout (uric acid), 偽痛風 pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate), ループス症候群 lupus syndrome of hydralazine (Apresoline) and procainamide, gout syndrome of diuretics

C Congenital and acquired malformations bring to mind the joint deformities of tabes dorsalis and syringomyelia and congenital dislocation of the hip. Alkaptonuria is also considered here.