脚、下肢

関: lower extremity、peduncle、pedunculi、pedunculus

WordNet

(nautical) the distance traveled by a sailing vessel on a single tack
a cloth covering consisting of the part of a pair of trousers that covers a persons leg
one of the supports for a piece of furniture
a human limb; commonly used to refer to a whole limb but technically only the part of the limb between the knee and ankle
a structure in animals that is similar to a human leg and used for locomotion
the limb of an animal used for food
stalk bearing an inflorescence or solitary flower
the thin process of tissue that attaches a polyp to the body
a bundle of myelinated neurons joining different parts of the brain (同)cerebral_peduncle
the western part of the Appalachian Mountains; extending from northern Pennsylvania to southwestern Virginia (同)Allegheny Mountains
staying power; "that old Broadway play really has legs"

PrepTutorEJDIC

(人・動物の)『脚』 / (ズボン・靴下などの)脚をおおう部分,脚部 / (家具などの)脚,形(機能)が脚に似た物 / (三角形の底辺を除く)一辺 / (旅などの全行程の中の)一区切り,一区間
花柄 / (クラゲ・エビなどの)柄
liter[s]

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/10/23 23:30:11」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

For other uses, see Leg (disambiguation).

Diagram of an insect leg

A leg is a weight bearing and locomotive structure, usually having a columnar shape. During locomotion, legs function as "extensible struts"^[1] - the combination of movements at all joints can be modeled as a single, linear element capable of changing length and rotating about an omnidirectional "hip" joint.

As an anatomical animal structure it is used for locomotion. The distal end is often modified to distribute force (such as a foot). Most animals have an even number of legs.

As a component of furniture it is used for the economy of materials needed to provide the support for the useful surface, the table top or chair seat.

Terminology

Uniped: 1
Biped: 2
Triped: 3
Quadruped: 4

Many taxa are characterized by the number of legs:

Tetrapod
Arthropoda: 4, 6 (Insecta), 8, 12, or 14
- Some arthropods have more than a dozen legs; a few species possess over 100. Despite what their names might suggest,
  - Centipedes may have less than 20 or more than 300 legs.
  - Millipedes have fewer than 1,000 legs, but up to 750.

Tetrapod legs

The leg of a wooly mammoth (reconstruction).

In tetrapod anatomy, leg is used to refer to the entire limb. In human medicine its precise definition refers^[2]^[3]^[4] only to the segment between the knee and the ankle. This segment is also called the shank,^[5]^[6] and the front (anterior) of the segment is called the shin or pretibia.

In bipedal tetrapods, the two lower limbs are referred to as the "legs" and the two upper limbs as "arms" or "wings" as the case may be.

Human leg

Arthropod leg

Arthropod leg

Robotic leg

Robotic leg

Notes

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Leg

^ "Studies in the Mechanics of the Tetrapod Skeleton". Biologists.org. http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/content/abstract/20/2/88.
^ "Leg". Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). National Library of Medicine. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2007/MB_cgi?mode=&term=Leg&field=entry. Retrieved 2009-04-18.
^ "Leg". Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers. Mercksource. http://www.mercksource.com/pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands_split.jsp?pg=/ppdocs/us/common/dorlands/dorland/five/000058188.htm. Retrieved 2009-04-18.
^ Merriam-Webster Dictionary leg
^ Kardong, Kenneth V. (2009). Vertebrates: Comparative anatomy, function, evolution (5th. ed.). McGraw-Hill. p. 340. ISBN 978-0-07-304058-5.
^ Merriam-Webster Dictionary shank

This anatomy article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 成人におけるレストレスレッグ症候群の臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of restless legs syndrome in adults
2. 新生児における出産時の損傷 lower extremity positional deformations
3. 下肢ランニング障害の概要 overview of running injuries of the lower extremity
4. 下肢末梢神経症候群の概要 overview of lower extremity peripheral nerve syndromes
5. 内反膝の小児に対するアプローチ approach to the child with bow legs

English Journal

Effectiveness of core stability exercises and recovery myofascial release massage on fatigue in breast cancer survivors: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

Cantarero-Villanueva I, Fernandez-Lao C, Del Moral-Avila R, Fernandez-de-Las-Penas C, Feriche-Fernandez-Castanys MB, Arroyo-Morales M.SourceDepartment of Physical Therapy, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM.Evid Based Complement Alternat Med.2012;2012:620619. Epub 2011 Jul 17.
The purpose of the present paper was to evaluate the effects of an 8-week multimodal program focused on core stability exercises and recovery massage with DVD support for a 6-month period in physical and psychological outcomes in breast cancer survivors. A randomized controlled clinical trial was pe
PMID 21792370

A heparin binding site Arg79Cys missense mutation in the SERPINC1 gene in a Korean patient with hereditary antithrombin deficiency.

Yoo JH, Maeng HY, Kim HJ, Lee KA, Choi JR, Song J.SourceDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, National Health Insurance Corporation, Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea.
Annals of clinical and laboratory science.Ann Clin Lab Sci.2011 Fall;41(1):89-92.
We describe a case of heparin binding site Arg79Cys mutation in the gene encoding antithrombin, SERPINC1, in a Korean patient with hereditary antithrombin (AT) deficiency. The patient was a 34-year-old Korean man who presented with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in his right leg without precipitating fa
PMID 21325262

Muscle work is increased in pre-swing during hemiparetic walking.

Peterson CL, Kautz SA, Neptune RR.SourceDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA.
Clinical biomechanics (Bristol, Avon).Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon).2011 Oct;26(8):859-66. Epub 2011 May 24.
BACKGROUND: Muscle mechanical work is likely affected by gait abnormalities in hemiparetic walking during the paretic pre-swing phase (i.e., double support phase preceding paretic toe-off). Previous experimental studies suggest that muscle work may be decreased in the paretic leg, but paretic work m
PMID 21605927

A U-shaped relationship between ankle-brachial index and carotid intima-media thickness in a Chinese population of inner Mongolia.

Wang Y, Li J, Guo X, Zhao D, Hu D, Wei Y, Hou L, Xu Y, Ma Y.SourceDepartment of Cardiology, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China - Wang Y. 1, Li J. 2, Guo X. 3, Zhao D. 1, Hu D. 2, Wei Y. 1, Hou L. 1, Xu Y. 1, Ma Y. 4.
International angiology : a journal of the International Union of Angiology.Int Angiol.2011 Oct;30(5):451-7.
AIM: The study was designed to investigate the relationship between ankle-brachial index (ABI) and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), and provide scientific basis for primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic diseases.METHODS: Participants were recruited for this investigation from Inne
PMID 21804484

Japanese Journal

Churg-Strauss Syndrome with Necrosis of Toe Tips

Waseda Koichi,Tanimoto Yasushi,Hasegawa Kenjiro,Miyahara Nobuaki,Nojima Daisuke,Ikeda Genyo,Kanehiro Arihiko,Okada Chiharu,Kimata Yoshihiro,Tanimoto Mitsune
Acta Medica Okayama 65(3), 215-218, 2011-06
… Arteriography showed narrowing of the dorsalis pedis artery and of the more peripheral arteries of her right leg. … Stump plasty with negative pressure dressing therapy for the toe tips, but not amputation, was done to preserve the leg function. …
NAID 120003132510

Effects of calcaneal eversion on three-dimensional kinematics of the hip, pelvis and thorax in unilateral weight bearing.

Tateuchi Hiroshige,Wada Osamu,Ichihashi Noriaki
Human movement science 30(3), 566-573, 2011-06
… Twenty-eight healthy males were requested to stand on one leg under three conditions: normal (standing directly on the floor), and on wedges producing 5° and 10° calcaneal eversion. …
NAID 120003072122

家庭用ゲーム機の加速度センサを用いた歩行動作で表現された感情の識別に関する一考察

飯村伊智郎,甲斐久規,中山茂
情報処理学会論文誌 52(4), 1755-1760, 2011-04-15
本研究では,他の種類のセンサを用いることなく,加速度センサのみで,歩行動作で表現された感情のより高性能な識別が可能であるかを確認することを目的として,先行研究での加速度センサの装着部位である腰に,上腕と下腿とを加えた合計3個の加速度センサで,識別実験を行った.実験の結果は,他の種類のセンサを用いることなく,加速度センサのみで,歩行動作で表現された感情の識別が可能であることを示唆している.また,本手 …
NAID 110008508006

反復横とびにおける素早い方向転換動作

堀川真那,藤原素子
奈良女子大学スポーツ科学研究 13, 13-22, 2011-03-31
… In this study, we investigated the ground reaction force (GRF) of outside leg and inside leg in direction changes from right side to left side during 20 seconds side step test. … The GRF waves of inside leg showed two aspects with two peaks. … As to the outside leg, fast group changed direction for large load in short landing time. …
NAID 110008577829

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「100Cases 52」「下腿」「下肢」「脚」「peduncle」
拡張検索	「Saprolegnia」

「100Cases 52」

　　[★]

☆case52　全身性の筋力低下

■glossary

筋力低下、筋無力、筋脱力 muscle weakness, muscular weakness

denture 義歯

leg 脚、下肢

bruising 打撲、打撲傷

hair follicle 毛包

edentulous adj. 歯のない。歯を失った、全歯欠損の

■症例

82歳、男性

主訴：筋力低下と全身の倦怠感

現病歴：(以前から続く)筋痛。関節痛(特に肘、手首、膝)。3週間前に転倒して足を打ち、足に局所的な痛みがある。喫煙歴なし。飲酒歴なし。服用薬なし。

既往歴：12年前に心筋梗塞になった。心筋梗塞のβブロッカーを処方されていたが、過去6年間は処方薬を持ってなかった。20年前に胆嚢摘出術。

家族歴：

社会歴：労働者として働いていた。63歳に退職。2階のアパート(in a second-floor flat)に単身で住んでいる。妻は5年前に死亡。息子が一人おり、アイルランドに在住している。息子とは3年間会っていない。

・診察 examination

　肢帯周辺の筋肉に圧痛。肘、手首、肘周辺にも圧痛。口には異常がないが舌がかなり平坦化。歯はなく、義歯は無くしている。循環器系、呼吸器系、消化器系に異常なし。下肢では右脚の脛の前面に(superficial laceration)が認められる。このlacerationは血かにじみ出ており治癒していない。下肢には出血斑が認められる部分がある。腕や脚に打撲傷がみとめられる広い範囲がある。彼が言うには、この打撲傷はどんな外傷とも関係がないとのことである。

・検査 investigation

　ヘモグロビン低値、MCV 低値

■答え

(第一パラグラフ)

・dietary historyは重要なhistoryの中でも重要な部分。

・特に今回のような症例では重要。

・今回の症例では、多くの特徴が栄養的な問題を示している。

　・家族の援助が無く、5年間widowerである。

　・2階のアパートに独りで住んでいる。get outが困難である。

　・義歯を無くしており、食べるのが痕案である。

(第二パラグラフ)

・凝固異常に関係しうる点状出血の皮疹(petechial rash)が見られるが、血小板数は正常。