メニスカス、半月板、半月、関節半月

関: articular meniscus、meniscal、menisci、semilunar cartilage

WordNet

(optics) a lens that is concave on one side and convex on the other
(physics) the curved upper surface of a nonturbulent liquid in a vertical tube
(anatomy) a disk of cartilage that serves as a cushion between the ends of bones that meet at a joint (同)semilunar_cartilage
sand snakes (同)genus Chilomeniscus

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉三日月形の物体 / 〈C〉凹凸(おうとつ)レンズ / 〈U〉(器の中の液体の表面の)凸面,凹面

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/02/26 14:13:17」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

A: The bottom of a concave meniscus.

B: The top of a convex meniscus.

The meniscus (plural: menisci, from the Greek for "crescent") is the curve in the upper surface of a liquid close to the surface of the container or another object, caused by surface tension. It can be either convex or concave, depending on the liquid and the surface.

A convex meniscus occurs when the particles in the liquid have a stronger attraction to each other (cohesion) than to the material of the container (adhesion).^[1] Convex menisci occur, for example, between mercury and glass in barometers^[1] and thermometers. Conversely, a concave meniscus occurs when the particles of the liquid are more strongly attracted to the container than to each other, causing the liquid to climb the walls of the container. This occurs between water and glass.

The meniscus and measurement

A meniscus as seen in a burette of colored water. '20.00 mL' is the correct depth measurement.

When reading a depth scale on the side of an instrument filled with liquid, such as a water level device, the meniscus must be taken into account in order to obtain an accurate measurement. Depth must be measured with the meniscus at eye level (to eliminate parallax error) and at the center of the meniscus, i.e. the top of a convex meniscus or the bottom of a concave meniscus.

Manufacturers of glassware and other tools calibrate their measurement marks to account for the meniscus. This means that any instrument is calibrated for a specific liquid, usually water.

Capillary action

Menisci are a manifestation of capillary action, by which surface adhesion pulls a liquid up to form a concave meniscus or internal cohesion pulls the liquid down to form a convex meniscus. This phenomenon is important in transpirational pull in plants. When a tube of a narrow bore, often called a capillary tube, is dipped into a liquid and the liquid wets the tube (with zero contact angle), the liquid surface inside the tube forms a concave meniscus, which is a virtually spherical surface having the same radius, r, as the inside of the tube. The tube experiences a downward force of magnitude 2πrσ, where σ is the surface tension of the liquid.^[2] Water-based fluids, including sap, honey, milk etc..., have a concave meniscus.

References

^ ^a ^b Moore, John W.; Stanitski, Conrad L.; Jurs, Peter C. (2005). Chemistry: The Molecular Science. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole. p. 290.
^ "Fluid Mechanics". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 14 November 2014.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 膝関節の半月板損傷 meniscal injury of the knee
2. 後十字靱帯損傷 posterior cruciate ligament injury
3. 筋骨格系の異常が原因とみられる膝痛をきたす成人へのアプローチ approach to the adult with knee pain likely of musculoskeletal origin
4. 小児や骨格発達の未成熟な青年の慢性膝関節痛または損傷に対するアプローチ approach to chronic knee pain or injury in children or skeletally immature adolescents
5. 膝の身体診察 physical examination of the knee

English Journal

Predicting success with silicone-hydrogel contact lenses in new wearers.

Best N, Drury L, Wolffsohn JS.SourceSpecsavers, 41 High Row, Darlington, Co Durham DL3 7QW, UK; Aston University, Life and Health Science, Ophthalmic Research Group, Birmingham, UK.
Contact lens & anterior eye : the journal of the British Contact Lens Association.Cont Lens Anterior Eye.2013 Oct;36(5):232-7. doi: 10.1016/j.clae.2013.02.013. Epub 2013 Mar 20.
PURPOSE: to evaluate changes in tear metrics and ocular signs induced by six months of silicone-hydrogel contact lens wear and the difference in baseline characteristics between those who successfully continued in contact lens wear compared to those that did not.METHODS: Non-invasive Keratograph, Te
PMID 23522993

Stress-relaxation response of human menisci under confined compression conditions.

Martin Seitz A, Galbusera F, Krais C, Ignatius A, Dürselen L.SourceInstitute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Centre of Musculoskeletal Research Ulm, University of Ulm, Ulm 89081, Germany. Electronic address: andreas.seitz@uni-ulm.de.
Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials.J Mech Behav Biomed Mater.2013 Oct;26:68-80. doi: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2013.05.027. Epub 2013 Jun 13.
The objective of this study was to determine the viscoelastic properties of human meniscal tissue during stress-relaxation under confined compression conditions. Lateral and medial longitudinal meniscus plugs of 25 donor knees (ntotal=150) were exposed to stress-relaxation tests under confined compr
PMID 23811278

Replication of chronic abnormal cartilage loading by medial meniscus destabilization for modeling osteoarthritis in the rabbit knee in vivo.

Arunakul M, Tochigi Y, Goetz JE, Diestelmeier BW, Heiner AD, Rudert J, Fredericks DC, Brown TD, McKinley TO.SourceDepartment of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Iowa, 2181 Westlawn, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242-1100; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand.
Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society.J Orthop Res.2013 Oct;31(10):1555-60. doi: 10.1002/jor.22393. Epub 2013 Jul 10.
Medial meniscus destabilization (MMD) is a surgical insult technique for modeling osteoarthritis (OA) by replicating chronic abnormal cartilage loading in animal joints in vivo. The present study aimed to characterize the immediate biomechanical effects (ex vivo) and short-term histological conseque
PMID 23843150

Repair of avascular meniscal injuries using juvenile meniscal fragments: An in vitro organ culture study.

Dai Z, Li K, Chen Z, Liao Y, Yang L, Liu C, Ding W.SourceDepartment of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China; Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of South China University, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society.J Orthop Res.2013 Oct;31(10):1514-9. doi: 10.1002/jor.22405. Epub 2013 Jun 27.
We investigated whether the implantation of juvenile allograft and minced meniscal fragments could improve the healing of avascular meniscal injuries, which cannot heal spontaneously. Concentric cylindrical explants were excised from the inner two-thirds of swine medial menisci. The inner cylinder c
PMID 23813750

Japanese Journal

Meniscus behavior under helium exposure for rapid resist spreading during nanoimprint lithography

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 57(10), 106507, 2018-09-21
NAID 150000116546

専門医試験をめざす症例問題トレーニング膝・足関節・足疾患

整形外科 = Orthopedic surgery 69(9), 956-964, 2018-08
NAID 40021653173

Column and film lifetimes in bubble-induced two-liquid flow

Physical Review E 97(6), 062802, 2018-06-18
NAID 120006501203

眼瞼下垂手術前後における涙液クリアランスの変化の検討

あたらしい眼科 35(6), 829-831, 2018-06
NAID 40021613779

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「100Cases 16」「半月板」「menisci」「meniscal」「メニスカス」

「100Cases 16」

　　[★]

☆case16　膝の痛み

■glossary

indigestion 消化障害、消化不良

■症例

80歳　男性

主訴：左膝の痛みと腫脹

現病歴：左膝の痛みを2日前から認めた。膝は発熱・腫脹しており、動かすと疼痛を生じる。時々胸焼けと消化不良が見られる。6ヶ月前のhealth checkで、高血圧(172/102mmHg)と血中クレアチニンが高い(正常高値)こと以外は正常といわれた。その4週間数回血圧を測定したが、高値が継続したため、2.5mg bendrofluamethizide(UK)/ベンドロフルメチアジド bendroflumethiazide(US)で治療を開始した。最近の血圧は138/84 mmHgであった。

喫煙歴：なし。

飲酒歴：一週間に平均4unit。

既往歴：股関節に中程度(mild)の変形性関節症

家族歴：特記なし

服薬歴：アセトアミノフェン(股関節の疼痛に対して)

身体所見 examination

　血圧 142/86mmHg。体温37.5℃。脈拍88/分。grade 2 hypertensive retinopathy(高血圧症性網膜症)。心血管系、呼吸器系に検査場異常なし。手にDIPにヘバーデン結節なし。

　左膝が発熱し腫脹している。関節内に液、patellar tap陽性。90℃以上膝関節を屈曲させると痛みを生じる。右の膝関節は正常に見える。

検査　 investigation

　生化学：白血球増多、ESR 上昇、尿素高値、グルコース高値

　単純X線：関節間隙やや狭小。それ以外に異常は認めない。

■problem list

　#1 左膝の痛み

　#2 胸焼け

　#3 消化不良

　#4 高血圧

　#5 クレアチニン正常高値

　#6 股関節の変形性リウマチ

　#7 高血圧性網膜症

■考え方

　・関節痛の鑑別診断を考える。

　・VINDICATEで考えてみてもよいでしょう。

　・関節痛の頻度としては　外傷＞慢性疾患(OAなど)＞膠原病＞脊椎疾患＞悪性腫瘍

■関節痛の鑑別疾患

DIF 282

V Vascular 血友病 hemophilia, 壊血病 scurvy, 無菌性骨壊死 aseptic bone necrosis (Osgood-Schlatter diseaseとか)

I Inflammatory 淋疾 gonorrhea, ライム病 lyme disease, 黄色ブドウ球菌 Staphylococcus, 連鎖球菌 Streptococcus, 結核 tuberculosis, 梅毒 syphilis, 風疹 rubella, 単純ヘルペス herpes simplex, HIV human immunodeficiency virus, サイトメガロウイルス cytomegalovirus

N Neoplastic disorders 骨原性肉腫 osteogenic sarcoma, 巨細胞腫 giant cell tumors

D Degenerative disorders degenerative joint disease or 変形性関節症 osteoarthritis

I Intoxication 痛風 gout (uric acid), 偽痛風 pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate), ループス症候群 lupus syndrome of hydralazine (Apresoline) and procainamide, gout syndrome of diuretics

C Congenital and acquired malformations bring to mind the joint deformities of tabes dorsalis and syringomyelia and congenital dislocation of the hip. Alkaptonuria is also considered here.