ネガティブに、負に

関: negative

WordNet

in a negative way; "he was negatively inclined"
in a harmful manner; "he was negatively affected"
reckoned in a direction opposite to that regarded as positive; "negative interest rates"
a piece of photographic film showing an image with light and shade or colors reversed
a reply of denial; "he answered in the negative"
not indicating the presence of microorganisms or disease or a specific condition; "the HIV test was negative" (同)disconfirming
having a negative charge; "electrons are negative" (同)electronegative, negatively charged
characterized by or displaying negation or denial or opposition or resistance; having no positive features; "a negative outlook on life"; "a colorless negative personality"; "a negative evaluation"; "a negative reaction to an advertising campaign"
expressing or consisting of a negation or refusal or denial
having the quality of something harmful or unpleasant; "ran a negative campaign"; "delinquents retarded by their negative outlook on life"
less than zero; "a negative number"

PrepTutorEJDIC

否定的に / 消極的に
『否定の』,反対の / 『消極的な』,控えめの / 陰電気の;(数値が)負の,マイナスの(minus);(写真が)陰画の,ネガの;(医学検査結果が)陰性の / 『否定』,拒否,「いやだ」と言うこと / 否定語[句] / 《the~》(特に討論会の)反対者側,反対派 / (電気分解に用いる)陰極板 / (数値の)負数 / (写真の)陰画,ネガ / 《しばしば受動態に用いて》…‘に'反対投票をする / =negate

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/05/15 15:52:22」(JST)

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Look up negative in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Negative may refer to:

Science and mathematics

Negative number
Negative mass
Negative energy (disambiguation)
Electrical polarity
Negative result (disambiguation)
Negative lenses, uses to describe diverging optics, see lens (optics)

Photography

Negative (photography), an image with inverted luminance or a strip of film with such an image
Original camera negative, the film in a motion picture camera which captures the original image
Paper negative, a negative image printed on paper used to create the final print of a photograph

Linguistics

A negative answer, commonly expressed with the word no
A type of grammatical construction; see affirmative and negative

Entertainment

Negative (Finnish band), a Finnish band established in 1997
Negative (Serbian band), a Serbian band with female lead singer established in 1999
- Negative (Negative album), 1999
The Negatives, a band headed by Lloyd Cole
Negative (Yōsui Inoue album), 1987
Negatives (album), a 2004 album by Phantom Planet
Negatives (1968 film), a 1968 film
Negatives (1988 film), a 1988 film

Other uses

Negative sign, the passive or feminine signs of the zodiac in astrology
Negative space, in art, the space around or between elements of the subject
Negative (policy debate) (NEG), the team which negates the resolution in policy debate
Negative feedback, a feedback loop that responds in the opposite direction to a perturbation
Negative repetition, the performance of the eccentric phase of weight lifting
Negative liberty is freedom from interference by other people

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. ヘモグロビン変異の概要 introduction to hemoglobin mutations
2. 母乳：親の教育およびサポート breastfeeding parental education and support
3. 副腎不全における低ナトリウム血症および高カリウム血症 hyponatremia and hyperkalemia in adrenal insufficiency
4. 癌および癌関連治療後の認知機能 cognitive function after cancer and cancer related treatment
5. 成人のがん生存者における心理社会的問題の概要 overview of psychosocial issues in the adult cancer survivor

English Journal

Relation between BMD and biochemical, transfusion and endocrinological parameters in pediatric thalassemic patients.

Mohseni F1, Mohajeri-Tehrani MR, Larijani B, Hamidi Z.Author information 1Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.AbstractLow BMDs, short stature, hypogonadism, subclinical hypothyroidism, and IFG are found in 3.3, 10, 33, 16.6, 6.6, and 26.6 % of 30 pediatric β thalassemia major patients, respectively. Age is related with low Z-scores. Short stature and hypogonadism patients were older. These patients' monitoring in late childhood and early teenage for these complications is recommended.
Archives of osteoporosis.Arch Osteoporos.2014 Dec;9(1):174. doi: 10.1007/s11657-014-0174-3. Epub 2014 Mar 21.
Low BMDs, short stature, hypogonadism, subclinical hypothyroidism, and IFG are found in 3.3, 10, 33, 16.6, 6.6, and 26.6 % of 30 pediatric β thalassemia major patients, respectively. Age is related with low Z-scores. Short stature and hypogonadism patients were older. These patients' monitoring in
PMID 24652076

Differential toxicological response to positively and negatively charged nanoparticles in the rat brain.

Knudsen KB1, Northeved H, Ek PK, Permin A, Andresen TL, Larsen S, Wegener KM, Lam HR, Lykkesfeldt J.Author information 1Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.AbstractWe investigated the potential for systemic and local toxicity after administration of empty nanosized anionic and cationic PEGylated-micelles and non-PEGylated liposomes, without a ligand attached, intended for use in drug-delivery systems. The particles were administered to 5-6-week-old male rats by three intravenous (IV) administrations over a period of one week at a dose of 100 mg/kg bodyweight or after a single intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection at a dose of 50 µg. The particles were stable and well characterised with respect to size and zeta potential. ICV administration of cationic particles was associated with histological changes near the injection site (hippocampus). Here, we detected focal infiltration with phagocytic cells, loss of neurons and apoptotic cell death, which were not observed after administration of the vehicle. No significant difference was found after IV or ICV administration of the anionic micelles with regard to haematology, clinical chemistry parameters or at the pathological examinations, as compared to control animals. Our study suggests that ICV delivery of cationic particles to the brain tissue is associated with toxicity at the injection site.
Nanotoxicology.Nanotoxicology.2014 Nov;8(7):764-74. doi: 10.3109/17435390.2013.829589.
We investigated the potential for systemic and local toxicity after administration of empty nanosized anionic and cationic PEGylated-micelles and non-PEGylated liposomes, without a ligand attached, intended for use in drug-delivery systems. The particles were administered to 5-6-week-old male rats b
PMID 23889261

Evaluating the effects of amylose and Concord grape extract powder substitution on physicochemical properties of wheat flour extrudates produced at different temperatures.

Tacer-Caba Z1, Nilufer-Erdil D2, Boyacioglu MH3, Ng PK4.Author information 1Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Chemical-Metallurgical Engineering, Food Engineering Department, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: tacerz@itu.edu.tr.2Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Chemical-Metallurgical Engineering, Food Engineering Department, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey.3Okan University Food Engineering Department, Istanbul, Turkey.4Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, 135 GM Trout FSHN Building, 469 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, USA.AbstractIn this study, the effects of Concord grape extract powder (CGEP), high-amylose starch, and their combinations on quality parameters of extruded products were investigated by substituting wheat flour with those ingredients in the formulations. Physical quality parameters such as water absorption, bulk density, diametric expansion and hardness of extrudates were evaluated in addition to thermal properties, pasting properties and resistant starch contents. Average values obtained for 90, 120 and 150°C extrusion temperatures changed respectively as follows: 0.916, 0.987 and 0.467N for hardness; 2.12, 4.07 and 5.12mlwater/g sample for water absorption; 1.35, 2.09 and 2.51 for diametric expansions and 1286.6, 723.6 and 311.1kg/m(3) for bulk densities. Extrusion temperature was found to have more distinct effect on physical quality parameters of extrudates than the substitution level of ingredients. Both CGEP and amylose additions negatively affected pasting properties, slightly affected resistant starch content and prevented gelatinization. However retardation of retrogradation was more evident when substitution was with CGEP alone rather than its combination with amylose.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2014 Aug 15;157:476-84. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.02.064. Epub 2014 Feb 25.
In this study, the effects of Concord grape extract powder (CGEP), high-amylose starch, and their combinations on quality parameters of extruded products were investigated by substituting wheat flour with those ingredients in the formulations. Physical quality parameters such as water absorption, bu
PMID 24679807

Effect of storage under extremely low oxygen on the volatile composition of 'Royal Gala' apples.

Both V1, Brackmann A2, Thewes FR2, Ferreira Dde F3, Wagner R3.Author information 1Department of Plant Science, Postharvest Research Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: vanderleiboth@yahoo.com.br.2Department of Plant Science, Postharvest Research Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil.3Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil.AbstractThe aim of this work was to assess the profile of volatile compounds in 'Royal Gala' apples stored under controlled atmosphere (CA), with O2 levels ranging from 1.0kPa to as low as 0.5kPa during 8months (0.5°C), followed by 7days of shelf-life at 20°C. Volatile compounds were collected via solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and analysed by gas chromatography. Straight and branched-chain esters exhibited a distinct pattern. The emission of straight-chain esters decreased under extremely low O2 (0.5kPa), while branched-chain esters were not significantly affected in such condition. 2-Methyl-butyl acetate, a significant contributor to the 'Royal Gala' aroma, was higher in intermediate O2 concentration, suggesting that lowering the O2 levels down to 0.7kPa does not negatively affect the volatile composition of 'Royal Gala' apples, as compared to the standard CA (1.0kPa O2). The remaining volatile compounds were not strongly affected by storing fruits under extremely low O2.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2014 Aug 1;156:50-7. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.01.094. Epub 2014 Feb 5.
The aim of this work was to assess the profile of volatile compounds in 'Royal Gala' apples stored under controlled atmosphere (CA), with O2 levels ranging from 1.0kPa to as low as 0.5kPa during 8months (0.5°C), followed by 7days of shelf-life at 20°C. Volatile compounds were collected via solid-p
PMID 24629937

Japanese Journal

イネ耐病性制御因子OsPti1a の制御機構の解明

岡山大学農学部学術報告 105, 21-27, 2016-02-01
NAID 120005697284

Associations between work-related musculoskeletal disorders, quality of life, and workplace stress in physical therapists

Industrial Health advpub(0), 2016
NAID 130005125662

Positive correlations of age and parity with plasma concentration of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in Japanese black cows

Journal of Reproduction and Development advpub(0), 2016
NAID 130005124482

The relationship between serum adipocytokines and Graves' ophthalmopathy: A hospital-based study

Endocrine Journal advpub(0), 2016
NAID 130005124475

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「100Cases 16」「負」「ネガティブ」
関連記事	「negative」

「100Cases 16」

　　[★]

☆case16　膝の痛み

■glossary

indigestion 消化障害、消化不良

■症例

80歳　男性

主訴：左膝の痛みと腫脹

現病歴：左膝の痛みを2日前から認めた。膝は発熱・腫脹しており、動かすと疼痛を生じる。時々胸焼けと消化不良が見られる。6ヶ月前のhealth checkで、高血圧(172/102mmHg)と血中クレアチニンが高い(正常高値)こと以外は正常といわれた。その4週間数回血圧を測定したが、高値が継続したため、2.5mg bendrofluamethizide(UK)/ベンドロフルメチアジド bendroflumethiazide(US)で治療を開始した。最近の血圧は138/84 mmHgであった。

喫煙歴：なし。

飲酒歴：一週間に平均4unit。

既往歴：股関節に中程度(mild)の変形性関節症

家族歴：特記なし

服薬歴：アセトアミノフェン(股関節の疼痛に対して)

身体所見 examination

　血圧 142/86mmHg。体温37.5℃。脈拍88/分。grade 2 hypertensive retinopathy(高血圧症性網膜症)。心血管系、呼吸器系に検査場異常なし。手にDIPにヘバーデン結節なし。

　左膝が発熱し腫脹している。関節内に液、patellar tap陽性。90℃以上膝関節を屈曲させると痛みを生じる。右の膝関節は正常に見える。

検査　 investigation

　生化学：白血球増多、ESR 上昇、尿素高値、グルコース高値

　単純X線：関節間隙やや狭小。それ以外に異常は認めない。

■problem list

　#1 左膝の痛み

　#2 胸焼け

　#3 消化不良

　#4 高血圧

　#5 クレアチニン正常高値

　#6 股関節の変形性リウマチ

　#7 高血圧性網膜症

■考え方

　・関節痛の鑑別診断を考える。

　・VINDICATEで考えてみてもよいでしょう。

　・関節痛の頻度としては　外傷＞慢性疾患(OAなど)＞膠原病＞脊椎疾患＞悪性腫瘍

■関節痛の鑑別疾患

DIF 282

V Vascular 血友病 hemophilia, 壊血病 scurvy, 無菌性骨壊死 aseptic bone necrosis (Osgood-Schlatter diseaseとか)

I Inflammatory 淋疾 gonorrhea, ライム病 lyme disease, 黄色ブドウ球菌 Staphylococcus, 連鎖球菌 Streptococcus, 結核 tuberculosis, 梅毒 syphilis, 風疹 rubella, 単純ヘルペス herpes simplex, HIV human immunodeficiency virus, サイトメガロウイルス cytomegalovirus

N Neoplastic disorders 骨原性肉腫 osteogenic sarcoma, 巨細胞腫 giant cell tumors

D Degenerative disorders degenerative joint disease or 変形性関節症 osteoarthritis

I Intoxication 痛風 gout (uric acid), 偽痛風 pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate), ループス症候群 lupus syndrome of hydralazine (Apresoline) and procainamide, gout syndrome of diuretics

C Congenital and acquired malformations bring to mind the joint deformities of tabes dorsalis and syringomyelia and congenital dislocation of the hip. Alkaptonuria is also considered here.