n.

首、頸部、頚部

関: cervical、cervical region、cervix

WordNet

kiss, embrace, or fondle with sexual passion; "The couple were necking in the back seat of the car" (同)make_out
an opening in a garment for the neck of the wearer; a part of the garment near the wearers neck (同)neck opening
a narrow part of an artifact that resembles a neck in position or form; "the banjo had a long neck"; "the bottle had a wide neck"
the part of an organism (human or animal) that connects the head to the rest of the body; "he admired her long graceful neck"; "the horse won by a neck" (同)cervix
a cut of meat from the neck of an animal
a narrow elongated projecting strip of land
necklike opening to the uterus (同)uterine_cervix, cervix_uteri
relating to or associated with the neck
of or relating to the cervix of the uterus; "cervical cancer"
become narrow, like a bottleneck; "Right by the bridge, the road bottlenecks"
slow down or impede by creating an obstruction; "His laziness has bottlenecked our efforts to reform the system"
the narrow part of a bottle near the top
deeply involved; "neck-deep in work"; "up to their necks in debt" (同)up to my neck, up to your neck, up to her neck, up to his neck, up to our necks, up to their necks
aggressive cobra widely distributed in Africa; rarely bites but spits venom that may cause blindness (同)spitting cobra, Naja nigricollis
having a neck or having a neck especially as specified (often used in combination)

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉(人間・動物の)『首』;首の骨 / 〈C〉(衣服の)えり / 〈C〉首の形をした物 / 〈U〉〈C〉(食品としての)(羊などの)頚肉(けいにく) / キスして愛撫(あいぶ)し合う
(器官の)頚(けい)部,(特に子宮の)頚管
(子宮などの)頚(けい)部の(にできた)
びんの首 / 狭い通路 / 進行を妨げる物

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/04/18 11:30:03」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

For other uses, see Neck (disambiguation).

The neck is the part of the body, on many terrestrial or secondarily aquatic vertebrates, that distinguishes the head from the torso or trunk. The adjective (from Latin) signifying "of the neck" is cervical (though this more frequently used to describe the cervix).

Anatomy of the human neck

Bony anatomy: The cervical spine

The cervical portion of the human spine comprises seven bony segments, typically referred to as C-1 to C-7, with cartilaginous discs between each vertebral body. The neck supports the weight of the head and protects the nerves that carry sensory and motor information from the brain down to the rest of the body. In addition, the neck is highly flexible and allows the head to turn and flex in all directions. From top to bottom the cervical spine is gently curved in convex-forward fashion. It is the least marked of all the curves of the column.

Soft tissue anatomy

In the middle line below the chin can be felt the body of the hyoid bone, just below which is the prominence of the thyroid cartilage called "Adam's apple", better marked in men than in women. Still lower the cricoid cartilage is easily felt, while between this and the suprasternal notch the trachea and isthmus of the thyroid gland may be made out. At the side the outline of the sternomastoid muscle is the most striking mark; it divides the anterior triangle of the neck from the posterior. The upper part of the former contains the submaxillary gland also known as the submandibular glands, which lies just below the posterior half of the body of the jaw. The line of the common and the external carotid arteries may be marked by joining the sterno-clavicular articulation to the angle of the jaw.

The eleventh or spinal accessory nerve corresponds to a line drawn from a point midway between the angle of the jaw and the mastoid process to the middle of the posterior border of the sterno-mastoid muscle and thence across the posterior triangle to the deep surface of the trapezius. The external jugular vein can usually be seen through the skin; it runs in a line drawn from the angle of the jaw to the middle of the clavicle, and close to it are some small lymphatic glands. The anterior jugular vein is smaller, and runs down about half an inch from the middle line of the neck. The clavicle or collar-bone forms the lower limit of the neck, and laterally the outward slope of the neck to the shoulder is caused by the trapezius muscle.

Neck pain

Disorders of the neck are a common source of pain. The neck has a great deal of functionality but is also subject to a lot of stress. Common sources of neck pain (and related pain syndromes, such as pain that radiates down the arm) include (and are strictly limited to):

Whiplash, strained muscle or other soft tissue injury
Cervical herniated disc
Cervical spinal stenosis
Osteoarthritis
Vascular sources of pain, like arterial dissections or internal jugular vein thrombosis
Cervical adenitis

Necks in the animal kingdom

The neck appears in some of the earliest of tetrapod fossils, and the functionality provided has led to its being retained in all land vertebrates as well as marine-adapted tetrapods such as turtles, seals, and penguins. Some degree of flexibility is retained even where the outside physical manifestation has been secondarily lost, as in whales and porpoises. A morphologically functioning neck also appears among insects. Its absence in fish and aquatic arthropods is notable, as many have life stations similar to a terrestrial or tetrapod counterpart, or could othewise make use of the added flexibility.

The word "neck" is sometimes used as a convenience to refer to the region behind the head in some snails, gastropod mollusks, even though there is no clear distinction between this area, the head area, and the rest of the body.

External links

Look up neck in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

American Head and Neck Society
The Anatomy Wiz. An Interactive Cross-Sectional Anatomy Atlas

UpToDate Contents

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1. 頚部痛および頚椎症の患者の評価 evaluation of the patient with neck pain and cervical spine disorders
2. 頚部痛の治療 treatment of neck pain
3. 小児または思春期のアスリートにおける頸部の筋骨格損傷の概要 overview of musculoskeletal neck injuries in the child or adolescent athlete
4. 頭頚部癌の診断および病期分類の概要 overview of the diagnosis and staging of head and neck cancer
5. Approach to neck stiffness in children

English Journal

Automatic intelligibility classification of sentence-level pathological speech.

Kim J1, Kumar N1, Tsiartas A1, Li M1, Narayanan SS2.
Computer speech & language.Comput Speech Lang.2015 Oct;29(1):132-144.
Pathological speech usually refers to the condition of speech distortion resulting from atypicalities in voice and/or in the articulatory mechanisms owing to disease, illness or other physical or biological insult to the production system. Although automatic evaluation of speech intelligibility and
PMID 25414544

Development and validation of a human biomechanical model for rib fracture and thorax injuries in blunt impact.

Cai Z1, Lan F, Chen J.
Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering.Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin.2015 Jul;18(9):974-980. Epub 2014 Jan 27.
From 1990 to approximately 50,000-120,000 people die annually of road traffic accidents in China. Traffic accidents are the main cause of death of Chinese adults aged 15-45 years. This study aimed to determine the biomechanical response and injury tolerance of the human body in traffic accidents. T
PMID 24460401

Conventional and complex modal analyses of a finite element model of human head and neck.

Tse KM1, Tan LB, Lim SP, Lee HP.
Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering.Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin.2015 Jul;18(9):961-973. Epub 2013 Dec 13.
This study employs both the traditional and the complex modal analyses of a detailed finite element model of human head-neck system to determine modal responses in terms of resonant frequencies and mode shapes. It compares both modal responses without ignoring mode shapes, and these results are reas
PMID 24328395

A human body model with active muscles for simulation of pretensioned restraints in autonomous braking interventions.

Osth J1, Brolin K, Bråse D.
Traffic injury prevention.Traffic Inj Prev.2015 Apr 3;16(3):304-13. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2014.931949. Epub 2014 Nov 10.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work is to study driver and passenger kinematics in autonomous braking scenarios, with and without pretensioned seat belts, using a whole-body finite element (FE) human body model (HBM) with active muscles.METHODS: Upper extremity musculature for elbow and shoulder flexion
PMID 24950131

Japanese Journal

(シンポジウム「放射線治療の最近の進歩」) (2)頭頸部癌の放射線治療

泉佐知子,橋本弥一郎,石井由佳,三橋紀夫,IZUMI Sachiko,HASHIMOTO Yaichiro,ISHII Yuka,MITSUHASHI Norio
東京女子医科大学雑誌 84(2), 67-74, 2014-04-25
第79回東京女子医科大学学会総会平成25年9月28日(土) 東京女子医科大学弥生記念講堂
NAID 120005430903

第79回東京女子医科大学学会総会シンポジウム「放射線治療の最近の進歩」(2)頭頸部癌の放射線治療

泉佐知子,橋本弥一郎,石井由佳,三橋紀夫
東京女子医科大学雑誌 84(2), 67-74, 2014-04-25
放射線治療は,機能・形態の温存に優れているという特徴から,頭頸部癌の根治的治療に従来より大きな役割を果たしてきた.頭頸部癌の治療法の選択は,主に原発部位や臨床病期,病理組織により決定されるが,近年では臓器温存に注目が集まり,従来では外科的治療を行われていた症例に対しても臓器温存を目的とした化学放射線療法がおこなわれるようにもなってきた.しかし癌が治癒し長期間生存する症例が増えるとともに,化学放射線 …
NAID 110009770442

症例高熱を伴ったVan Neck病の2例

原藤健吾,谷川英徳,森重雄太郎 [他]
整形・災害外科 57(4), 461-465, 2014-04
NAID 40020056854

頭頸部癌におけるsentinel node navigation surgery (特集 Sentinel node navigation surgery)

小柏靖直,甲能直幸
外科 = Surgey : 臨床雑誌 76(4), 361-364, 2014-04
NAID 40020026896

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「100Cases 76」「cervical」「頸部」「cervical region」「首」
拡張検索	「neck injury」

「100Cases 76」

Neck
	Human neck
Latin	collum
Dorlands/Elsevier	Neck

　　[★]

☆case76　頭痛

■glossary

傾眠 drowsiness 正常、病的の区別なく眠り込む場合に用いられる

意識不鮮明　 confusion 周囲に対する認識や理解は低下し、思考の清明さや、記憶の正確さが失われる

錯乱　 confusion　夢幻様状態より見当識障害と思考の滅裂が見られる状態(PSY.40)

MA = Master of Arts 文学修士

　The Master of Arts (BrE: MA, UsE: M.A.) is awarded in Arts, Humanities, Theology and Social Sciences (Wikipedia)

graduate student 大学院生

rousable adj. 覚醒できる、目を覚ますことができる

rouse vt. ～の目を覚まさせる、呼び起こす。喚起する、鼓舞する、奮起させる。(感情を)起こさせる、かき立てる

lateralize vt. (生理)(大脳が)(左右半球に心的機能差がある、左右差がある。(器官・機能・活動などが)大脳の(左右いずれかの)片側優位下にある。(医学)(障害などが)大脳の片半球にあると診断される

乳頭浮腫 papilledema 原因を問わず視神経乳頭が腫脹している状態

うっ血乳頭 choked disc 脳圧亢進による乳頭浮腫

■症例

24歳、男性　精神学の修士過程を専攻している大学院生

主訴：激しい頭痛

現病歴：頭部全体に痛みがある。2回嘔吐。傾眠と錯乱が認められるようになった。明るい光を嫌う()he finds bright lights uncomfortable。

既往歴：病気の既往はない。アレルギーはない。タバコ1日10本。アルコール24 unit/week(缶ビール(350ml)13.7本/週)。薬は服用してない。

家族歴：彼女と同居。3歳と4歳の子供がいる。

・診察 examination

　見た感じ紅潮しており、調子が悪そう。体温：39.2℃。項部硬直あり(he has stiffness on passice flexion of his neck)。皮疹なし。副鼻腔に圧痛なし。鼓膜所見は正常。脈拍：120/分。血圧：98/74 mmHg。心血管系、胸部、腹部に異常所見なし(normal)。意識レベル低下。命令に応じて覚醒する(JCS10？)。局所神経症状認めない。眼底所見正常

・検査 investigation

　血液検査

　　白血球：上昇。血清 Na：低下。血清尿素：上昇。血清クレアチニン：上昇。血液培養：検査中

　画像検査

　　胸部X線：異常所見なし。頭部 CT：正常

　心電図：洞性頻脈

　腰椎穿刺

　　髄液所見：混濁。白血球：増多。蛋白：増多。糖：低下(普通の人の血糖100mg/dLと考える。→　1g/L　→　1/180　mol/L　→　5.56 mmol/L。グラム染色：結果待ち

■Q

　診断、鑑別診断、管理

■A

　細菌性髄膜炎、髄膜炎・クモ膜下出血、経験的抗菌薬投与・