n.

(液体の単位)1パイント = 1/2クオート＝(米)28.8753 inch cube = 0.473 liter = (英) 0.568 liter = 約500cc
(乾燥重量の単位)1パイント = (米) 33.600 inch cube = 0.551 liter

WordNet

a United States dry unit equal to 0.5 quart or 33.6 cubic inches (同)dry pint
a British imperial capacity measure (liquid or dry) equal to 4 gills or 568.26 cubic centimeters
a United States liquid unit equal to 16 fluid ounces; two pints equal one quart
long-necked river duck of the Old and New Worlds having elongated central tail feathers (同)pin-tailed duck, Anas acuta
mottled or spotted bean of southwestern United States; usually dried
pierce with a pin; "pin down the butterfly"
flagpole used to mark the position of the hole on a golf green (同)flag
cylindrical tumblers consisting of two parts that are held in place by springs; when they are aligned with a key the bolt can be thrown (同)pin tumbler
a piece of jewelry that is pinned onto the wearers garment
a small slender (often pointed) piece of wood or metal used to support or fasten or attach things
informal terms for the leg; "fever left him weak on his sticks" (同)peg, stick
attach or fasten with pins or as if with pins; "pin the needle to the shirt". "pin the blame on the innocent man"
immobilize a piece
the ratio of the circumference to the diameter of a circle; approximately equal to 3.14159265358979323846...
the 16th letter of the Greek alphabet
a feeling of deep longing

PrepTutorEJDIC

パイント(液量および穀量の単位;《英》では約0.57リットル,《米》では約0.47リットル)
半パイント / 《話》ちび
『ピン』・留め針・《しばしば複合語を作って》ピンの働きをする物 / (留め針の付いた)『記章』,『バッジ』 / (木・プラスチック・金属などの)留めくぎ,掛けくぎ(peg);(弦楽器の)糸巻き / 《複数形で》《英話》脚(legs) / 《a~》《否定文で》ほんのわずか / (ゴルフ・ボウリングの)ピン / (…に)…‘を'『ピンで留める』《+『名』+『to』(『on』)+『名』》 / (人・物事に)〈望み・信頼など〉‘を'かける《+『名』+『on』+『名』》 / (…に)…‘を'動けなくする《+『名』+『against』(『to, under』)+『名』》 / 《話》〈罪・過失など〉‘を'(人の)せいだとする《+『名』+『on』+『名』〈人〉》
〈C〉パイ(ギリシア語アルファベットの第16字Π,π;英語のP,pに相当) / 〈U〉円周率(記号はπ)
ごちゃまぜの活字 / ごちゃまぜ,混乱

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/11/07 08:19:32」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

An imperial pint of beer

The pint (abbreviated as "pt" or "p") is a unit of volume or capacity that was once used across much of Europe with values varying between countries from less than half a litre to over one litre. Within continental Europe, the pint was replaced with the metric system during the nineteenth century. However, in the United States, the United Kingdom, and various other Commonwealth countries, the unit has continued to be in use. There is also limited use of the term in parts of France ("une pinte") and Central Europe, notably some areas in Germany and Switzerland.

The imperial pint (568 mL) is used in the United Kingdom and Ireland and to some extent in other Commonwealth nations. There are two customary pints used in the United States: a liquid pint (473 mL) and a less-common dry pint (551 mL). This difference dates back to the British Weights and Measures Act of 1824, which standardised the various pints in use at the time to a single imperial pint throughout the British Empire. The US pints were unaffected by this and can be traced back to pre-1824 English pints. Each of these pints are defined as one-eighth of the respective gallons but because of differing gallon definitions, the imperial pint is approximately 20% larger than the US liquid pint. However, whereas the imperial pint is divided into 20 imperial fluid ounces, there are 16 US fluid ounces to the US liquid pint making the imperial fluid ounce slightly smaller than the US fluid ounce.

Various Commonwealth countries, such as Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, converted to the metric system in the 1960s and 1970s; so while the term "pint" may still be in common use in these countries, it may not be the same as the imperial pint originally used throughout the Commonwealth. In the United Kingdom, the imperial system is still in use for certain purposes, and even though metric units are defined as the primary units in some specific circumstances, the pint is still defined as the primary unit for beer, cider and milk. A pint of beer served in a tavern outside of the United Kingdom and the United States may be an imperial pint, a US pint, or something different, depending on local laws and customs. ^[1]

Definitions

Imperial pint

The imperial pint is equal to one eighth of an imperial gallon.^[2]

1 imperial pint	=	¹⁄₈	imperial gallon
	=	¹⁄₂	imperial quart
	=	4	imperial gills
	=	20	imperial fluid ounces
	=	568.26125	millilitres (exactly)^[3]^[4] ≈568 mL
	≈	34.677429099	cubic inches
	≈	1.2009499255	US liquid pints
	≈	1.0320567435	US dry pints
	≈	the volume of 1+¹⁄₄ lb (567 g) of water at 62 °F (16.7 °C)

United States liquid pint

The United States liquid pint is equal to one eighth of a United States liquid gallon.^[2] It is used commonly in the United States.

1 US liquid pint	=	¹⁄₈	US liquid gallon
	=	¹⁄₂	US liquid quart
	=	2	US cups
	=	4	US fluid gills
	=	16	US fluid ounces
	=	128	US fluid drams
	=	28.875	cubic inches (exactly)^[5]
	=	473.176473	millilitres (exactly)^[6] ≈ 473 mL
	≈	0.83267418463	imperial pints
	≈	0.85936700738	US dry pints
	≈	the volume of 1.041 lb (472 g) of water at 62 °F (16.7 °C)

United States dry pint

1 US dry pint	=	¹⁄₈	US dry gallons
	=	¹⁄₂	US dry quarts
	=	33.6003125	cubic inches (exactly)
	=	550.6104713575	millilitres (exactly)^[6] ≈ 551 mL
	≈	0.96893897192	imperial pints
	≈	1.1636471861	US liquid pints

Other pints

Labeled in English (1 US DRY PINT) and in French (1 CHOPINE SÈCHE US 551 mL) for sale in the US and Canada. The coin has a diameter of 1.04 inches (26 mm).

Blueberries labeled in English (1 US DRY PINT) and French (1 CHOPINE SÈCHE US 551 mL) for sale in the US and Canada.

The United States dry pint is equal to one eighth of a United States dry gallon. It is used in the United States but is not as common as the liquid pint.

A now-obsolete unit of measurement in Scotland known as the Scottish pint or joug equals three imperial pints. It remained in use until the 19th century, and survived significantly longer than most of the old Scottish measurements.

The French word pinte is etymologically related, but historically described a larger unit. The Royal pint (pinte du roi) was 48 French cubic inches (952.1 mL).^[7] but regional pints varied in size depending on locality and on commodity (usually wine or olive oil) varying from 0.95 L to over 2 L.^[7] Thus, in French Canada, une pinte refers, by federal law, to the imperial quart whereas the imperial pint is called une chopine.^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11] Confusingly, in some parts of France and French Canada, une pinte is used to describe a 500 mL glass of beer.^{[citation needed]}

In Flanders, the word pint, pintje, refers only to a 250 mL glass of lager. Some West- and East-Flemish dialects use it as a word for beaker. In the Netherlands, the word pint is used in the phrase pint bier or pintje bier, meaning a 500 mL glass of beer.^{[citation needed]}

Equivalence

One US fluid pint of water weighs approximately one pound (16 ounces), resulting in the popular saying, "The pint's a pound, the world around." The saying is incorrect, since 1 US pint weighs 1.04375 pounds, and does not apply the world around, because the imperial pint used in Britain and its former colonies weighs 1.25 pounds. A different, but equally useful, saying for the imperial pint is "A pint of pure water weighs a pound and a quarter."

History

The pint is defined as one eighth of a gallon. Other versions of the gallon were defined for different commodities, and there were equally many versions of the pint.

America adopted the British wine gallon (defined in 1707 as 231 cubic inches exactly (3 × 7 × 11 in)) as its basic liquid measure, from which the US wet pint is derived, and the British corn gallon (¹⁄₈ of a standard "Winchester" bushel of corn, or 268.8 cubic inches) as its dry measure, from which the US dry pint is derived.

In 1824 the British parliament replaced all its variant gallons with a new imperial gallon based on ten pounds of distilled water at 62 °F (16.667 °C) (277.42 cubic inches), from which the UK pint is derived.

Effects of metrication

As part of the British and Irish metrication processes, the pint was replaced by metric units as the legally defined primary unit of measure for trading by volume or capacity, apart from for the sale of draught beer and cider and the sale of milk in returnable containers.^[12] The pint can still be used in those countries as a supplementary unit in all circumstances. Local legislation in the both the UK and Ireland mandates the use of the pint as a measure for draught beer and cider (in pubs for instance). For milk, if returnable containers are used, the pint can still be the principal unit used, otherwise metric units (usually the non-SI litre) must be used. There is no requirement for the litre quantity to be round numbers; thus the quantity of milk sold in a non-returnable container may be 1 pint, but will have "568 ml 1 pint", or just "568 ml" on the label. Some recipes published in the UK and Ireland still provide ingredient quantities in imperial, where the pint is often used as a unit for larger liquid quantities.^{[citation needed]} The Guild of Food Writers recommends that new recipes be published in metric units.^[13]

The British Virgin Islands^{[citation needed]} also require that beer and cider be sold in pints. also in Canada water amounts in air purifiers are advertised in pints as well as BTU("british thermal unit") see (metrication)

In Australia and New Zealand, a subtle change was made in 1 pint milk bottles during the conversion from imperial to metric in the 1970s. The height and diameter of the milk bottle remained unchanged, so that existing equipment for handling and storing such bottles was unaffected, but the shape was subtly adjusted to increase the capacity from 568 mL to 600 mL – a conveniently rounded metric measure. Such milk bottles are no longer officially referred to as pints. The pint glass in pubs in Australia (which is so called) remains closer to the standard imperial pint, at 570 mL. A pint of beer in Australia is served in a 570 mL glass with about 500 mL of beer and about 70 mL of froth, except in South Australia where a pint is served in a 425 mL glass and a 570 mL glass is called an imperial pint. In New Zealand, there is no longer any legal requirement for beer to be served in standard measures; in pubs, the largest size of glass, which is referred to as a pint, usually contains 450 mL.

Since metrication, the "pint of beer" served in Canadian pubs and bars has been considered a colloquial term for "a large glass of beer"; however, according to Measurement Canada, vendors advertising a pint should deliver 568.26 mL, however it is not law.^[14]

A 375 mL bottle of liquor in the US and the Canadian maritime provinces is sometimes referred to as a "pint" and a 200 mL bottle is called a "half-pint", harking back to the days when liquor came in actual US pints, quarts, and half-gallons.^[15] Liquor in the US has been sold in metric-sized bottles since 1980 although beer is still sold in US traditional units.^[16]

In France, a standard 250 mL measure of beer is known as "a half" ("un demi" in French), originally meaning a half pint.

Etymology

Pint comes from the Old French word pinte and perhaps ultimately from Latin picta meaning "painted", for a line painted on the side of a glass marking a one-pint volume of ale.^[17]

References

^ American Journal of Physics, v.67(1), 1999-Jan, p.13-16, Romer,R.H.; Editorial: Units: SI only, or multi-cultural diversity?
^ ^a ^b Fifty imperial pints or sixty US liquid pints are both very close to one cubic foot.
^ after the 1985 (UK), c. 1964 (Canada), redefinition of the imperial gallon
^ Official text of the Units of Measurement Regulations 1995 (Schedule) as originally enacted or made within the United Kingdom, from the UK Statute Law Database
^ One US liquid gallon is defined as 231 cubic inches.
^ ^a ^b after the 1964 redefinition of the litre and the 1959 redefinition of the inch
^ ^a ^b Palaiseau, JFG (October 1816). Métrologie universelle, ancienne et moderne: ou rapport des poids et mesures des empires, royaumes, duchés et principautés des quatre parties du monde. Bordeaux. p. 8. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ahjPAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved 30 October 2011.
^ Measurement Canada
^ Mesures Canada
^ Weights and Measures
^ Poids et mesures.
^ Weights and measures, Business Link (Department for Business, Innovation and Skills), http://www.businesslink.gov.uk/bdotg/action/detail?itemId=1073792199&type=RESOURCES, retrieved 12 November 2011
^ "Campaigns - Metrication". Guild of Food Writers. http://www.gfw.co.uk/campaign-details.cfm?ArticleID=126. Retrieved 2 December 2011.
^ Hobbs, Cloudesley (2004). "Get The Pint You Paid For!". The National Pist. http://www.realbeer.com/discussions/archive/index.php/t-2639.html. Retrieved 2009-01-11. ^{[dead link]}
^ Elizabeth E. Epstein, Barbara S. McCrady. Overcoming Alcohol Use Problems: A Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment Program. Oxford University Press. p. 7.
^ US Code title 27 Part 5
^ Harper, Douglas (2010). Pint. Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved from http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=pint pint.

External links

Look up pint in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

European Commission press release (IP/07/1297, 11 September 2007): Pints and miles will not disappear due to European Commission proposal [1]

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 早産児の貧血 anemia of prematurity
2. 新生児における赤血球輸血 red blood cell transfusions in the newborn
3. 妊娠中および産後の運動：実用的な提言 exercise during pregnancy and the postpartum period practical recommendations
4. アルコール性心筋症 alcoholic cardiomyopathy
5. 患者情報：ヘモクロマトーシス（遺伝性鉄過剰）（詳細） hemochromatosis hereditary iron overload beyond the basics

English Journal

Broadband, polarization-sensitive photodetector based on optically-thick films of macroscopically long, dense, and aligned carbon nanotubes.

Nanot S, Cummings AW, Pint CL, Ikeuchi A, Akiho T, Sueoka K, Hauge RH, Léonard F, Kono J.SourceDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
Scientific reports.Sci Rep.2013 Feb 27;3:1335. doi: 10.1038/srep01335.
Increasing performance demands on photodetectors and solar cells require the development of entirely new materials and technological approaches. We report on the fabrication and optoelectronic characterization of a photodetector based on optically-thick films of dense, aligned, and macroscopically l
PMID 23443054

Association and interaction analysis of Metabolic Syndrome and Serum Uric Acid on Diastolic Heart Failure.

Tang ZH, Fang Z, Zeng F, Li Z, Zhou L.SourceDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fudan University Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, 200040, China.
Journal of endocrinological investigation.J Endocrinol Invest.2013 Feb 12. [Epub ahead of print]
Background We aimed to assess the extent to which metabolic syndrome (MetS) and serum uric acid (UA) and its interaction impact on diastolic heart failure (DHF). Methods and materials A total of 133 patients with DHF and 118 age- and gender-matched control subjects were studied. Echocardiography w
PMID 23404264

"A pint of sweat will save a gallon of blood".

Zehtabchi S, Legome E, O'Neil BJ.SourceDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Downstate Medical Center and Kings County Hospital Center, rooklyn, NY. (shahriar.zehtabchi@downstate.edu).
Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine.Acad Emerg Med.2013 Feb;20(2):209-11. doi: 10.1111/acem.12067. Epub 2013 Jan 16.
PMID 23320947

Adolescent subthreshold-depression and anxiety: psychopathology, functional impairment and increased suicide risk.

Balázs J, Miklósi M, Keresztény A, Hoven CW, Carli V, Wasserman C, Apter A, Bobes J, Brunner R, Cosman D, Cotter P, Haring C, Iosue M, Kaess M, Kahn JP, Keeley H, Marusic D, Postuvan V, Resch F, Saiz PA, Sisask M, Snir A, Tubiana A, Varnik A, Sarchiapone M, Wasserman D.SourceVadaskert Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Hospital, Budapest, Hungary Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary Semmelweis University, School of Ph.D. Studies, Budapest, Hungary Heim Pál Paediatric Hospital, Budapest, Hungary Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Columbia University-New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention of Mental Ill-Health (NASP), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden Medicine and Health Science Department, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy Feinberg Child Study Center, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo; Centro de InvestigaciónBiomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Oviedo, Spain Section Disorders of Personality Development, Clinic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany Clinical Psychology Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania National Suicide Research Foundation, Cork, Ireland Research Division for Mental Health, University for Medical Information Technology (UMIT), Innsbruck, Austria Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHU) de NANCY, Université H. Poincaré, NANCY-France Mental Health Department, PINT, University of Primorska, Primorska, Slovenia Estonian-Swedish Mental Health & Suicidology Institute, Ctr. Behav & Hlth Sci, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia.
Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines.J Child Psychol Psychiatry.2013 Jan 18. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12016. [Epub ahead of print]
Background: Subthreshold-depression and anxiety have been associated with significant impairments in adults. This study investigates the characteristics of adolescent subthreshold-depression and anxiety with a focus on suicidality, using both categorical and dimensional diagnostic models. Methods
PMID 23330982

Japanese Journal

試験管内でセレクションされたマクロライド耐性 Mycoplasma pneumoniae について : エリスロマイシンとクラリスロマシンにおける耐性菌セレクションの比較

大屋日登美,成田光生,鈴木五三男,渡辺祐子,黒木俊郎,岡崎則男
日本マイコプラズマ学会雑誌 = Japanese Journal of Mycoplasmology 36, 58-61, 2010-03-31
NAID 10026388787

論点

坂本泰二
眼科手術 = Journal of ophthalmic surgery 23(1), 3-4, 2010-01-30
NAID 10026102348

1980年代のコンビニエンス・ストア

井田泰人
商経学叢 56(2), 647-662, 2009-12
NAID 40017155814

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「100Cases 84」
関連記事	「pin」

「100Cases 84」

　　[★]

☆case84　嘔吐

■症例

32歳　男性

主訴：

現病歴：2 amにからり酔っぱらって救急部に受診。11.45 pmに気分が悪くなり2度嘔吐。嘔吐物は最初は苦く感じられ、それは食べ物と2Lのビールであった。1時間程度後に、何度か猛烈に吐き気を催した。1 amに鮮赤血を吐いた(bright red blood)。患者が言うには最初は少量だったが、2回目にはかなり多い量であった。服用薬なし。時々マリファナを吸う。タバコ1日10本、アルコール2-3 unit/week

既往歴：特記なし

家族歴：特記なし

生活歴：

・身体診断

酔っぱらっているように見える。口の周りに乾燥した血液の付着を認める。脈拍：102/分。(臥位(lying))血圧：134/80 mmHg。立位でも血圧の変化は認められない。心血管系、呼吸器系に異常を認めず。腹部：上腹部(心窩部)にわずかに圧痛。

・検査

(血液生化学)

異常なし

■解説

(第1パラグラフ)

　もっともな診断は、下部食道もしくは胃上部における吐血を引き起こす粘膜の裂傷である(Mallory-Weiss lesion/Mallory-Weiss tear/Mallory-Weiss laceration)。激しい嘔吐やむかつきによる機械的な外傷で生じる。本症例では、なれない大量飲酒によって生じた。

(第2パラグラフ)

患者の話から出血量を見積もるのは難しい。吐血はびっくりするような出来事であり、吐血の量を多く見積もりがちである。ヘモグロ分派性状であり、急性の出血では吐血量を見積もる手がかりにならない。急性期にヘモグロ分が低ければ慢性の出血をほのめかす。著しい失血の最初のサインは頻脈と起立時の血圧低下であることがある。本症例の彼の脈波速いが、これは不安と関連しているのかもしれない。

(第3パラグラフ)

吐血の他の原因は胃炎か消化性潰瘍である。何度か血液を含まない胃内容物のむかつきと嘔吐の話はマロリーワイス症候群に特徴的である。この疾患は普通介入を必要としない良性の病態である。確定診断は上部消化管内視鏡を必要とするが、典型的な症例ではいつも必要になるわけではない。時に、出血がもりひどかったり、壁の解離が粘膜より深いこともあり、穿孔につながる。

(第4パラグラフ)

この症例の管理は注意深い観察、嘔吐で失われた体液を戻すための静脈内輸液である。出血が激しい場合には血液型検査のために採血するが、輸血は必ずしも必要ない。彼は生徒大とH2 blockerで治療された。嘔吐は収まりそれ以上の出血も見られなかった。彼は将来のパーティでは通院しすぎないように決めた。

■管理(内科診断学第2版医学書院)

①本疾患の大多数は安静、絶食、制酸薬・粘膜保護薬の投与で保存的に治療できる。

②輸血が必要なほどの貧血は稀である。

③内視鏡検査時に出血している症例に対しては内視鏡的止血術を行う。

④クリッピング法(図4-89) [図] 、純エタノール局注法、アルゴンプラズマ凝固(APC)法などさまざまあるが、いずれの方法でも良好な止血成績を得られる。

■鑑別診断 (内科診断学第2版医学書院 p.843)

・特発性食道破裂(ブールハーフェ症候群)

・逆流性食道炎

・食道静脈瘤破裂

・出血性胃潰瘍

・急性胃粘膜病変(AGML)

■KEYPOINT

・吐血の前の血液を伴わない激しい嘔吐とむかつきの既往は、上部消化管の裂傷を示唆する。

・患者は血液の量を見積もるのが困難と分かるので、吐血で失われた失血の程度は多糸かでないし、消化管の中にとどまっている血液の量は分からない。

・アルコールは救急入院の約1/4と直接の連関があるという研究がある。

□マロリーワイス症候群(内科診断学第2版医学書院)

　嘔吐などにより腹腔内圧が急激に上昇して噴門部近傍に裂創が発生し、これを出血源として顕出血をきたしたもの。30-50歳代の男性に多く、全消化管出血例の約3-15%を占める。アルコール多飲が原因となることが多いが、ほかに妊娠悪阻、乗り物酔い、脳腫瘍や髄膜炎、医原性のものとしては上部消化管内視鏡検査や心肺蘇生術など、原因となるものは種々である。 ②嘔吐などにより急激に腹圧が上昇すると、急激に胃内圧が上昇し、これにより食道胃接合部近傍に裂創が生じる。

□吐血 hematemesis (内科診断学第2版医学書院)

　コーヒー残渣用の吐血　melanemesis

　鮮血の吐血　hematoemesis

□急性胃粘膜病変 acute gastric mucosal lesion AGML

急性胃炎の劇症型であり、急速に起こる腹痛(時に、吐血、下血)をきたし、潰瘍・びらん・出血が混在した病態を呈する。