出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2015/08/13 02:55:24」(JST)
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臨床データ | |
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法的規制 |
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識別 | |
ATCコード | L01BC01 |
KEGG | D00168 |
化学的データ | |
化学式 | C9H13N3O5 |
シタラビン (Cytarabine) とは、抗悪性腫瘍剤(抗がん剤)の一種。商品名はキロサイド(Cylocide)。
Ara-CまたはAraCという略号で表されることがある。核酸の誘導体である。
上記のように効能・効果は多数あるが、実際には血液がん中心に使われる。
骨髄抑制、ショック、シタラビン症候群、急性呼吸窮迫症候群、間質性肺炎、高ビリルビン血症を伴う肝障害、不整脈、心不全、消化管潰瘍や出血や好中球減少性腸炎等の消化管障害、可逆的な言語障害や運動失調や傾眠や昏睡や白質脳症等の中枢神経系障害、肝膿瘍、急性膵炎、肺浮腫、有痛性紅斑、脱毛(症)、発疹、頭痛、活動低下、傾眠、言語障害、食欲不振、嘔気、嘔吐、下痢、ALT (GPT) 上昇、AST (GOT) 上昇、LDH上昇、ビリルビン上昇、肝機能異常、Al-P上昇、γ-GTP上昇、電解質異常、血中尿酸上昇・低下、電解質代謝異常、フィブリノーゲン増加、凝固時間延長・短縮、FDP増加、BUN上昇・低下、尿糖陽性、クレアチニン上昇、尿蛋白陽性、低蛋白血症、結膜炎、体重増加・減少、CK上昇・低下、感染、敗血症、ウロビリノーゲン陽性など多数ある。
DNAの合成過程において、CDPレダクターゼおよびDNAポリメラーゼを阻害する。また、白血病細胞の分化を誘導する[1]。
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この項目は、薬学に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めています(プロジェクト:薬学/Portal:医学と医療)。 |
Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
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4-amino-1-[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5- (hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl] pyrimidin-2-one
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Clinical data | |
Trade names | Cytosar-U |
AHFS/Drugs.com | monograph |
MedlinePlus | a682222 |
Pregnancy category |
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Legal status |
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Routes of administration |
Injectable (intravenous injection or infusion, intrathecal, or subcutaneously) |
Pharmacokinetic data | |
Bioavailability | 20% oral |
Protein binding | 13% |
Metabolism | Liver |
Biological half-life | biphasic: 10 min, 1-3 hr |
Excretion | Renal |
Identifiers | |
CAS Registry Number | 147-94-4 Y |
ATC code | L01BC01 |
PubChem | CID: 6253 |
IUPHAR/BPS | 4827 |
DrugBank | DB00987 Y |
ChemSpider | 6017 Y |
UNII | 04079A1RDZ Y |
KEGG | D00168 Y |
ChEBI | CHEBI:28680 Y |
ChEMBL | CHEMBL803 Y |
Chemical data | |
Formula | C9H13N3O5 |
Molecular mass | 243.217 g/mol |
SMILES
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InChI
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Y (what is this?) (verify) |
Cytarabine or cytosine arabinoside (Cytosar-U or Depocyt) is a chemotherapy agent used mainly in the treatment of cancers of white blood cells such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.[1] It is also known as ara-C (arabinofuranosyl cytidine).[2] It kills cancer cells by interfering with DNA synthesis.
It is called cytosine arabinoside because it combines a cytosine base with an arabinose sugar. Cytosine normally combines with a different sugar, deoxyribose, to form deoxycytidine, a component of DNA. Certain sponges, where it was originally found, use arabinoside sugars to form a different compound (not part of DNA). Cytosine arabinoside is similar enough to human cytosine deoxyribose (deoxycytidine) to be incorporated into human DNA, but different enough that it kills the cell. This mechanism is used to kill cancer cells. Cytarabine is the first of a series of cancer drugs that altered the sugar component of nucleosides. Other cancer drugs modify the base.[3]
It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, a list of the most important medication needed in a basic health system.[4]
Cytarabine is mainly used in the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia, acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL) and in lymphomas,[5] where it is the backbone of induction chemotherapy.
Cytarabine also possesses antiviral activity, and it has been used for the treatment of generalised herpesvirus infection. However, cytarabine is not very selective in this setting and causes bone marrow suppression and other severe side effects. Therefore, ara-C is not a useful antiviral agent in humans because of its toxic profile[6] and actually it is used mainly for the chemotherapy of hematologic cancers.
Cytarabine is also used in the study of the nervous system to control the proliferation of glial cells in cultures, the amount of glial cells having an important impact on neurons.[citation needed]
One of the unique toxicities of cytarabine is cerebellar toxicity when given in high doses, which may lead to ataxia. Cytarabine may cause granulocytopenia and other impaired body defenses, which may lead to infection, and thrombocytopenia, which may lead to hemorrhage.
Toxicity: leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, GI disturbances, stomatitis, conjunctivitis, pneumonitis, fever, and dermatitis, palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia. Rarely, myelopathy has been reported after high dose or frequent intrathecal Ara-C administration.[7]
To prevent the side effects and improve the therapeutic efficiency, various derivatives of this drugs (including amino acid, peptide, fatty acid and phosphates) have been evaluated, as well as different delivery systems.[8]
Cytosine arabinoside interferes with the synthesis of DNA. It is an antimetabolic agent with the chemical name of 1β-arabinofuranosylcytosine. Its mode of action is due to its rapid conversion into cytosine arabinoside triphosphate, which damages DNA when the cell cycle holds in the S phase (synthesis of DNA). Rapidly dividing cells, which require DNA replication for mitosis, are therefore most affected. Cytosine arabinoside also inhibits both DNA[9] and RNA polymerases and nucleotide reductase enzymes needed for DNA synthesis.
When used as an antiviral, cytarabine functions by inhibiting deoxycytidine use.[10]
Cytarabine is rapidly deaminated in the body into the inactive uracil derivative and therefore is often given by continuous intravenous infusion.
Cytarabine was first synthesized in 1959 by Richard Walwick, Walden Roberts, and Charles Dekker at the University of California, Berkeley.[11]
It was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration in June 1969, and was initially marketed in the U.S. by Upjohn under the trade name Cytosar-U.
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リンク元 | 「急性白血病」「急性骨髄性白血病」「慢性骨髄性白血病」「急性前骨髄球性白血病」「シタラビン」 |
関連記事 | 「C」「A」「Cs」「Cd」「c」 |
M0 | minimally differentiated acute myeloblastic leukemia | AML | ||
M1 | acute myeloblastic leukemia, without maturation | |||
M2 | acute myeloblastic leukemia, with granulocytic maturation | |||
M3 | promyelocytic, or acute promyelocytic leukemia | APL | ||
M4 | 急性骨髄単球性白血病 | acute myelomonocytic leukemia | AMMoL | |
M4eo | myelomonocytic together with bone marrow eosinophilia | |||
M5 | M5a | 急性単芽球性白血病 | acute monoblastic leukemia | AMoL |
M5b | 急性単球性白血病 | acute monocytic leukemia | ||
M6 | M6a | 赤白血病 | acute erythroid leukemias, including erythroleukemia | |
M6b | and very rare pure erythroid leukemia | |||
M7 | 急性巨核芽球性白血病 | acute megakaryoblastic leukemia | ||
M8 | 急性好塩基球性白血病 | acute basophilic leukemia | ||
L1 | 小細胞型 | |||
L2 | 大細胞型 | |||
L3 | Burkitt型 |
染色体核型 | 遺伝子異常 | |
予後良好群 | inv(16), t(8;21), t(15;17)(付加的染色体異常の有無を問わない) | 正常核型におけるNPM1のみの異常 |
中間群 | 正常核型, +8, t(9;11),その他の予後良好にも不良にも属さない染色体異常 | t(8;21), inv(16)患者におけるc-kit異常 |
予後不良群 | 複雑核型(3以上の異常), -5, -7, 5q-, 7q-,11q23異常(t(9;11)を除く), inv(3), t(3;3),t(6;9), t(9;22) | 正常核型におけるFLT3-ITDのみの異常 |
en
"acute myeloid leukemia" の検索結果 約 871,000 件中 1 - 100 件目 (0.27 秒) "acute myelogenous leukemia" の検索結果 約 2,130,000 件中 1 - 100 件目 (0.29 秒) "acute myelocytic leukemia" の検索結果 約 85,100 件中 1 - 100 件目 (0.44 秒)
jp
"acute myeloid leukemia" に一致する日本語のページ 約 36,400 件中 1 - 100 件目 (0.44 秒) "acute myelogenous leukemia" に一致する日本語のページ 約 2,920 件中 1 - 100 件目 (0.40 秒) "acute myelocytic leukemia" に一致する日本語のページ 約 417 件中 1 - 100 件目 (1.03 秒)
pubmed
"acute myeloid leukemia"Items 1 - 20 of 9850 "acute myelogenous leukemia"Items 1 - 20 of 4241 "acute myelocytic leukemia" Items 1 - 20 of 864
免疫組織化学 | 電子顕微鏡 | Auer小体 | 特徴 | |||||
MPO | α-naphtol acetate esterase | PAS | MPO | |||||
AML | 微分化型急性骨髄性白血病 | M0 | - | - | - | + | CD13, CD33が少なくとも一つ陽性。一見無顆粒 | |
未分化型急性骨髄芽球性白血病 | M1 | + | - | - | 1 | 芽球の3%以上MPO陰性、前骨髄球以降の分化無し | ||
分化型急性骨髄芽球性白血病 | M2 | + | - | - | 1 | 前骨髄球以降の分化 | ||
急性前骨髄球性白血病 | M3 | + | - | - | 多数 | 異型前骨髄球。ファゴット細胞陽性 | ||
骨髄単球性白血病 | M4 | + | + | - | (骨髄)>30%芽球、>20%単球系細胞 | |||
単球性白血病 | M5 | - | + | - | (骨髄)単芽球、前単球、単球>80% | |||
赤白血病 | M6 | - | - | - | (骨髄)>30%芽球、>50%赤芽球。グリコホリン陽性 | |||
巨核芽球性白血病 | M7 | - | - | - | + | CD41陽性, CD42陽性 | ||
ALL | - | - | + |
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