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the 12th letter of the Roman alphabet (同)l

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lira(イタリアの貨幣単位リラ)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/12/09 19:52:56」(JST)

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L1, L01, L.1, L 1 or L-1 may refer to:

L₁ distance in mathematics, used in taxicab geometry
L¹, the space of Lebesgue integrable functions in mathematics
L1 family, a protein family of cell adhesion molecules
L-1 Identity Solutions, Inc, a US face-recognition corporation
L1 (protein), a cell adhesion molecule
L-1 visa, a document used to enter the United States for the purpose of work
L₁, Lagrangian point 1, the most intuitive position for an object to be gravitationally stationary relative to two larger objects (such as a satellite with respect to the Earth and Moon).
L1, one of the frequencies used by GPS systems (see GPS frequencies)
L1, the common name for the Soviet space effort known formally as Soyuz 7K-L1, designed to launch men from the Earth to circle the Moon without going into lunar orbit.
L1 - In reference to Magic: the Gathering, an abbreviation denoting someone is a Level 1 Judge.

Containing L1

Arado L 1, a 1929 German two-seat parasol-wing sporting monoplane
ATC code L01 Antineoplastic agents, a subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System
DSC-L1, a 2004 Sony Cyber-shot L series camera model
Haplogroup L1 (mtDNA) A human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup from Africa.
Lawrance L-1, a predecessor of the 1920s American Lawrance J-1 aircraft engine
Luxo L-1, a famous lamp
Macchi L.1, a 1915 Austrio-Hungarian reconnaissance flying boat
Panasonic Lumix DMC-L1, a 2006 single-lens reflex camera
USS L-1 (SS-40), a 1915 United States Navy L-class submarine
L1 A1, a British self load rifle
Soyuz 7K-L1, a Soviet space effort to send humans around the moon.

Transportation

Erie L-1, a 1907 American 0-8-8-0 steam locomotive class
NCC Class L1, a Northern Counties Committee Irish steam locomotive class
Soo Line L-1 class, an American 2-8-2 "Mikado" type steam locomotive class
GNR Class L1, a class of British 0-8-2T steam locomotive
LNER Thompson Class L1, a class of British 2-6-4T steam locomotive designed by Edward Thompson
SP&S Class L-1, an 1891 American steam locomotives class
SR L1 class, was a class of 4-4-0 steam tender locomotives of the Southern Railway (Great Britain)
Lufthansa Systems' IATA code
HMS L1 a Royal Navy submarine

And also :

a L-carrier cable system developed by AT&T
the Level-1 CPU cache in a computer
a person's first language
Ligue 1, the top division of French football
L=1, a Lunar Eclipse classification on the Danjon scale
L-1 Vigilant, a designation for the Stinson Aircraft Company's Model 74 Vigilant observation aircraft
the first Lagrange Point in an astronomical Solar System
the first lumbar vertebra of the vertebral column in human anatomy
a class of FM broadcast station in North America

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title formed as a letter-number combination.
If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 水頭症 hydrocephalus
2. 巣状分節性糸球体硬化症の疫学、分類、および病因 epidemiology classification and pathogenesis of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
3. 馬尾症候群などの腫瘍による硬膜外脊髄圧迫の臨床的特徴および診断 clinical features and diagnosis of neoplastic epidural spinal cord compression including cauda equina syndrome
4. 癌免疫療法の原則 principles of cancer immunotherapy
5. Lower extremity nerve blocks: Techniques

English Journal

Self-nanoemulsifying performance of two grades of Lauroglycol (Lauroglycol-90 and Lauroglycol-FCC) in the presence of mixed nonionic surfactants.

Shakeel F1, Haq N, Alanazi FK, Alsarra IA.Author information 1Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, King Saud University , P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451 , Saudi Arabia .AbstractThe present study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of various combinations of nonionic surfactants on self-nanoemulsifying performance of two grades of Lauroglycol (Lauroglycol-90 and Lauroglycol-FCC) in glibenclamide (GBN) nanoemulsion. Formulations (L1-L30) were prepared by spontaneous emulsification method. Prepared formulations were subjected to thermodynamic stability and self-nanoemulsification test. Results of thermodynamic stability and self-nanoemulsification tests were confirmed by further characterization of these formulations in terms of droplet size, viscosity, refractive index and % transmittance. Formulations prepared with Labrasol, HCO-60 and Gelucire-44/14 were found to be suitable for self-emulsifying drug delivery system only whereas those prepared with Tween-80 and Cremophor-EL were found to be suitable for self-nanoemulsifying or self-microemulsifying drug delivery system of GBN with respect to Lauroglycol-90 or Lauroglycol-FCC. Formulation L24 (Lauroglycol-FCC/Tween-80/ethanol/water) was optimized as best formulation for self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system of GBN. These results indicated that Tween-80 could be the best surfactant in terms of self-nanoemulsification.
Pharmaceutical development and technology.Pharm Dev Technol.2014 Nov;19(7):799-805. doi: 10.3109/10837450.2013.829099. Epub 2013 Aug 22.
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of various combinations of nonionic surfactants on self-nanoemulsifying performance of two grades of Lauroglycol (Lauroglycol-90 and Lauroglycol-FCC) in glibenclamide (GBN) nanoemulsion. Formulations (L1-L30) were prepared by spontaneous emulsi
PMID 23964928

Electrochemical detection of human papillomavirus DNA type 16 using a pyrrolidinyl peptide nucleic acid probe immobilized on screen-printed carbon electrodes.

Jampasa S1, Wonsawat W2, Rodthongkum N3, Siangproh W4, Yanatatsaneejit P5, Vilaivan T6, Chailapakul O7.Author information 1Program in Petrochemical and Polymer Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, 1 U-Thong Nok Road, Dusit, Bangkok 10300, Thailand.3Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.4Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand.5Human Genetics Research Group, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.6Organic Synthesis Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.7Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. Electronic address: corawon@chula.ac.th.AbstractAn electrochemical biosensor based on an immobilized anthraquinone-labeled pyrrolidinyl peptide nucleic acid (acpcPNA) probe was successfully developed for the selective detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 DNA. A 14-mer acpcPNA capture probe was designed to recognize a specific 14 nucleotide region of HPV type 16 L1 gene. The redox-active label anthraquinone (AQ) was covalently attached to the N-terminus of the acpcPNA probe through an amide bond. The probe was immobilized onto a chitosan-modified disposable screen-printed carbon electrode via a C-terminal lysine residue using glutaraldehyde as a cross-linking agent. Hybridization with the target DNA was studied by measuring the electrochemical signal response of the AQ label using square-wave voltammetric analysis. The calibration curve exhibited a linear range between 0.02 and 12.0 µM with a limit of detection and limit of quantitation of 4 and 14 nM, respectively. This DNA sensing platform was successfully applied to detect the HPV type 16 DNA from a PCR amplified (240 bp fragment of the L1 gene) sample derived from the HPV type 16 positive human cancer cell line (SiHa), and failed to detect the HPV-negative c33a cell line. The sensor probe exhibited very high selectivity for the complementary 14 base oligonucleotide over the non-complementary oligonucleotides with sequences derived from HPV types 18, 31 and 33. The proposed sensor provides an inexpensive tool for the early stage detection of HPV type 16, which is an important biomarker for cervical cancer.
Biosensors & bioelectronics.Biosens Bioelectron.2014 Apr 15;54:428-34. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.11.023. Epub 2013 Nov 20.
An electrochemical biosensor based on an immobilized anthraquinone-labeled pyrrolidinyl peptide nucleic acid (acpcPNA) probe was successfully developed for the selective detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 DNA. A 14-mer acpcPNA capture probe was designed to recognize a specific 14 nucleo
PMID 24300785

Japanese Journal

業界動向デュルバルマブ、非小細胞肺がん一次療法での第3相試験に失敗 : PD-1/PD-L1療法に肺がんの厚い壁

国際医薬品情報 (1087), 10-13, 2017-08-14
NAID 40021280020

Identification of a novel heterozygous mutation of the Aggrecan gene in a family with idiopathic short stature and multiple intervertebral disc herniation

Journal of Human Genetics 62(7), 717-721, 2017-07-01
NAID 120006325069

「急性白血病」

　　[★]

英: acute leukemia, AL
関: 白血病、FAB分類

概念

未分化の白血球の腫瘍性増殖

分類

急性リンパ性白血病：MPO染色において(leukemic blastの)3%未満が陽性の場合
急性骨髄性白血病　：MPO染色において(leukemic blastの)3%以上が陽性の場合

FAB分類

M0			minimally differentiated acute myeloblastic leukemia	AML
M1			acute myeloblastic leukemia, without maturation
M2			acute myeloblastic leukemia, with granulocytic maturation
M3			promyelocytic, or acute promyelocytic leukemia	APL
M4		急性骨髄単球性白血病	acute myelomonocytic leukemia	AMMoL
M4	M4eo		myelomonocytic together with bone marrow eosinophilia	AMMoL
M5	M5a	急性単芽球性白血病	acute monoblastic leukemia	AMoL
M5	M5b	急性単球性白血病	acute monocytic leukemia	AMoL
M6	M6a	赤白血病	acute erythroid leukemias, including erythroleukemia
M6	M6b	赤白血病	and very rare pure erythroid leukemia
M7		急性巨核芽球性白血病	acute megakaryoblastic leukemia
M8		急性好塩基球性白血病	acute basophilic leukemia
L1		小細胞型
L2		大細胞型
L3		Burkitt型

病態

白血球系芽球の腫瘍性増殖
骨髄機能障害
腫瘍細胞の臓器浸潤
腫瘍細胞の破壊亢進

徴候

全身：息切れ、全身倦怠感、発熱(免疫力低下による感染症、腫瘍細胞の崩壊)
皮膚：点状出血、紫斑
口腔内：歯肉出血
骨・関節：骨痛、関節痛　　←　腫瘍細胞の関節への浸潤
肝臓・脾臓：肝脾腫
リンパ節：腫脹(頚部リンパ節、鼡径リンパ節)
唾液腺：顎下唾液腺腫大

検査

血算

白血球：増加
血小板：減少
赤血球：減少 (正球性正色素性貧血)

血液生化学

LDH↑
ビタミンB12↑
尿酸↑

治療

小児

化学療法：小児のALLでは著効する
骨髄移植：小児のALLでは再発例に行う

成人

急性骨髄性白血病

化学療法：アントラサイクリン系抗悪性腫瘍薬(イダルビシン、ダウノルビシン, DNA二本鎖の間にintercalateしでDNA,RNAの合成を阻害)　＋　シタラビン(Ara-C, シトシンアナログ, 代謝拮抗薬)

急性前骨髄球性白血病

レチノイン酸(ATRA, all-trans retinoic acid)の経口投与で高い確率で寛解する
白血球や前骨髄球が多い場合には化学療法を併用する：レチノイン酸　＋　アントラサイクリン系抗悪性腫瘍薬(イダルビシン、ダウノルビシン, DNA二本鎖の間にintercalateしでDNA,RNAの合成を阻害)　＋　シタラビン(Ara-C, シトシンアナログ, 代謝拮抗薬)

急性リンパ性白血病

ビンクリスチン　＋　アントラサイクリン系悪性腫瘍薬(ダウノルビシン DNR、ドキソルビシン = アドリアマイシン ADR)　＋　シクロホスファミド　＋　L-アスパラギナーゼ　＋　プレドニゾロン

VACAP

予後

小児急性白血病の予後不良因子

YN.G-44改変

年齢(≦1 y.o. / ≧10 y.o.)、男児、FAB分類 L2,L3、AML、白血球数高値(≧2万/ul)、フィラデルフィア染色体

小児急性白血病の予後不良因子

1. 年齢：1歳以下、10歳以上
2. 男児
3. FAB分類：L2, L3
4. 非リンパ球性
5. WBC：2万以上
6. Ph染色体 t(9;22)　(小児のALLの数%)

成人急性白血病の予後不良因子

YN.G-44改変

高齢、二次性白血病、MDSからの移行、FAB分類 M0,M6,M7、白血球数高値、フィラデルフィア染色体 ALL、中枢神経浸潤

AMLの予後不良因子

染色体核型、年齢、初発時白血球数、FAB分類、3系統の形態異常、二次性白血病

染色体核型：最大の予後因子

NCCNガイドラインに基づくAMLの予後分類

参考1

	染色体核型	遺伝子異常
予後良好群	inv(16), t(8;21), t(15;17)(付加的染色体異常の有無を問わない)	正常核型におけるNPM1のみの異常
中間群	正常核型, +8, t(9;11),その他の予後良好にも不良にも属さない染色体異常	t(8;21), inv(16)患者におけるc-kit異常
予後不良群	複雑核型(3以上の異常), -5, -7, 5q-, 7q-,11q23異常(t(9;11)を除く), inv(3), t(3;3),t(6;9), t(9;22)	正常核型におけるFLT3-ITDのみの異常