クロモグラニンA
WordNet
- the 1st letter of the Roman alphabet (同)a
- the blood group whose red cells carry the A antigen (同)type_A, group A
PrepTutorEJDIC
- answer / ampere
- arsenicの化学記号
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2014/01/20 19:52:12」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
Chromogranin A (parathyroid secretory protein 1) |
Available structures |
PDB |
Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB |
List of PDB id codes |
1LV4
|
|
|
Identifiers |
Symbols |
CHGA; CGA |
External IDs |
OMIM: 118910 MGI: 88394 HomoloGene: 976 GeneCards: CHGA Gene |
Gene Ontology |
Molecular function |
• calcium ion binding
|
Cellular component |
• extracellular region
• secretory granule
• transport vesicle membrane
|
Biological process |
• regulation of blood pressure
|
Sources: Amigo / QuickGO |
|
RNA expression pattern |
|
More reference expression data |
Orthologs |
Species |
Human |
Mouse |
|
Entrez |
1113 |
12652 |
|
Ensembl |
ENSG00000100604 |
ENSMUSG00000021194 |
|
UniProt |
P10645 |
P26339 |
|
RefSeq (mRNA) |
NM_001275 |
NM_007693 |
|
RefSeq (protein) |
NP_001266 |
NP_031719 |
|
Location (UCSC) |
Chr 14:
93.39 – 93.4 Mb |
Chr 12:
102.55 – 102.57 Mb |
|
PubMed search |
[1] |
[2] |
|
|
Chromogranin A or parathyroid secretory protein 1 (gene name CHGA) is a member of the granin family of neuroendocrine secretory proteins, i.e., it is located in secretory vesicles of neurons and endocrine cells. In humans, chromogranin A protein is encoded by the CHGA gene.[1]
Contents
- 1 Tissue distribution
- 2 Function
- 3 Clinical significance
- 4 References
- 5 Further reading
- 6 External links
Tissue distribution[edit]
Examples of cells producing chromogranin A are chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla, paraganglia, enterochromaffin-like cells and beta cells of the pancreas.
Function[edit]
Chromogranin A is the precursor to several functional peptides including vasostatin, pancreastatin, catestatin and parastatin. These peptides negatively modulate the neuroendocrine function of the releasing cell (autocrine) or nearby cells (paracrine). Other peptides derived from chromogranin A with uncertain function include chromostatin, WE-14 and GE-25.
Chromogranin A might promote the generation of secretory granules.
Clinical significance[edit]
Micrograph of a paraganglioma stained with chromogranin A immunostain.
Chromogranin A is elevated in pheochromocytomas.[2]
It is used as an indicator for pancreas and prostate cancer[3] and in carcinoid syndrome.[4] It might play a role in early neoplasic progression. It is also elevated in diabetes[citation needed]. Chromogranin A is cleaved by an endogenous prohormone convertase to produce several peptide fragments. See chromogranin A GeneRIFs for references. In immunohistochemistry it can be used to identify a range of neuroendocrine tumours and is highly specific for both benign and malignant cells of this type.[5]
References[edit]
- ^ Helman LJ, Ahn TG, Levine MA, Allison A, Cohen PS, Cooper MJ, Cohn DV, Israel MA (August 1988). "Molecular cloning and primary structure of human chromogranin A (secretory protein I) cDNA". J. Biol. Chem. 263 (23): 11559–63. PMID 3403545.
- ^ Cotesta D, Caliumi C, Alò P, Petramala L, Reale MG, Masciangelo R, Signore A, Cianci R, D'Erasmo E, Letizia C (2005). "High plasma levels of human chromogranin A and adrenomedullin in patients with pheochromocytoma". Tumori 91 (1): 53–8. PMID 15850005.
- ^ Wu JT, Erickson AJ, Tsao KC, Wu TL, Sun CF (April 2000). "Elevated serum chromogranin A is detectable in patients with carcinomas at advanced disease stages". Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci. 30 (2): 175–8. PMID 10807161.
- ^ Nikou GC, Lygidakis NJ, Toubanakis C, Pavlatos S, Tseleni-Balafouta S, Giannatou E, Mallas E, Safioleas M (2005). "Current diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal carcinoids in a series of 101 patients: the significance of serum chromogranin-A, somatostatin receptor scintigraphy and somatostatin analogues". Hepatogastroenterology 52 (63): 731–41. PMID 15966194.
- ^ Leong, Anthony S-Y; Cooper, Kumarason; Leong, F Joel W-M (2003). Manual of Diagnostic Cytology (2 ed.). Greenwich Medical Media, Ltd. pp. 159–160. ISBN 1-84110-100-1.
Further reading[edit]
- Hendy GN, Bevan S, Mattei MG, Mouland AJ (1995). "Chromogranin A.". Clinical and investigative medicine. Médecine clinique et experimentale 18 (1): 47–65. PMID 7768066.
- Iacangelo AL, Eiden LE (1996). "Chromogranin A: current status as a precursor for bioactive peptides and a granulogenic/sorting factor in the regulated secretory pathway.". Regul. Pept. 58 (3): 65–88. doi:10.1016/0167-0115(95)00069-N. PMID 8577930.
- Curry WJ, Barkatullah SC, Johansson AN, et al. (2002). "WE-14, a chromogranin a-derived neuropeptide.". Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 971: 311–6. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04485.x. PMID 12438141.
- Curry WJ, Shaw C, Johnston CF, et al. (1992). "Isolation and primary structure of a novel chromogranin A-derived peptide, WE-14, from a human midgut carcinoid tumour.". FEBS Lett. 301 (3): 319–21. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(92)80266-J. PMID 1577173.
- Tamamura H, Ohta M, Yoshizawa K, et al. (1990). "Isolation and characterization of a tumor-derived human protein related to chromogranin A and its in vitro conversion to human pancreastatin-48.". Eur. J. Biochem. 191 (1): 33–9. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1990.tb19090.x. PMID 2165909.
- Konecki DS, Benedum UM, Gerdes HH, Huttner WB (1988). "The primary structure of human chromogranin A and pancreastatin.". J. Biol. Chem. 262 (35): 17026–30. PMID 2445752.
- Sekiya K, Ghatei MA, Minamino N, et al. (1988). "Isolation of human pancreastatin fragment containing the active sequence from a glucagonoma.". FEBS Lett. 228 (1): 153–6. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(88)80606-9. PMID 2830133.
- Helman LJ, Ahn TG, Levine MA, et al. (1988). "Molecular cloning and primary structure of human chromogranin A (secretory protein I) cDNA.". J. Biol. Chem. 263 (23): 11559–63. PMID 3403545.
- Wilson BS, Phan SH, Lloyd RV (1986). "Chromogranin from normal human adrenal glands: purification by monoclonal antibody affinity chromatography and partial N-terminal amino acid sequence.". Regul. Pept. 13 (3–4): 207–23. doi:10.1016/0167-0115(86)90040-6. PMID 3704195.
- Deftos LJ, Murray SS, Burton DW, et al. (1986). "A cloned chromogranin A (CgA) cDNA detects a 2.3Kb mRNA in diverse neuroendocrine tissues". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 137 (1): 418–23. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(86)91226-X. PMID 3718511.
- Hagn C, Schmid KW, Fischer-Colbrie R, Winkler H (1986). "Chromogranin A, B, and C in human adrenal medulla and endocrine tissues". Lab. Invest. 55 (4): 405–11. PMID 3762065.
- Murray SS, Deaven LL, Burton DW, et al. (1987). "The gene for human chromogranin A (CgA) is located on chromosome 14". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 142 (1): 141–6. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(87)90462-1. PMID 3814131.
- Cetin Y, Aunis D, Bader MF, et al. (1993). "Chromostatin, a chromogranin A-derived bioactive peptide, is present in human pancreatic insulin (beta) cells". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90 (6): 2360–4. doi:10.1073/pnas.90.6.2360. PMC 46086. PMID 8096340.
- Mouland AJ, Bevan S, White JH, Hendy GN (1994). "Human chromogranin A gene. Molecular cloning, structural analysis, and neuroendocrine cell-specific expression". J. Biol. Chem. 269 (9): 6918–26. PMID 8120054.
- Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene 138 (1–2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
- Simon-Chazottes D, Wu H, Parmer RJ, et al. (1993). "Assignment of the chromogranin A (Chga) locus to homologous regions on mouse chromosome 12 and rat chromosome 6". Genomics 17 (1): 252–5. doi:10.1006/geno.1993.1316. PMID 8406464.
- Mahata SK, Kozak CA, Szpirer J, et al. (1996). "Dispersion of chromogranin/secretogranin secretory protein family loci in mammalian genomes". Genomics 33 (1): 135–9. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0171. PMID 8617499.
- Strub JM, Goumon Y, Lugardon K, et al. (1996). "Antibacterial activity of glycosylated and phosphorylated chromogranin A-derived peptide 173-194 from bovine adrenal medullary chromaffin granules". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (45): 28533–40. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.45.28533. PMID 8910482.
External links[edit]
- chromogranin A antibody stains via Google Image [3]
Tumor markers
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Blood |
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Endocrine |
Thyroid cancer
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- Thyroglobulin
- Medullary thyroid cancer (Calcitonin
- Carcinoembryonic antigen)
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Pheochromocytoma
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- Normetanephrine
- Enolase 2
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Neuroendocrine tumors
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- Synaptophysin
- Chromogranin A
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Neuroblastoma
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Nervous system |
Brain tumor
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Astrocytoma
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- Glial fibrillary acidic protein
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NC/Melanoma
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- S-100 protein
- Melanoma inhibitory activity
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Cardiovascular/
respiratory |
Lung cancer
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- Carcinoembryonic antigen
- Enolase 2
- Autocrine motility factor
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Hemangiosarcoma (endothelium)
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Digestive |
Colorectal cancer
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- CA19-9
- Carcinoembryonic antigen
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Pancreatic cancer
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- CA19-9
- Carcinoembryonic antigen
- CA 242
- Tumor-associated glycoprotein 72
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Hepatocellular carcinoma
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Reproductive/
urinary/
breast |
Ovarian tumor
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- Surface epithelial-stromal tumor
- EC
- EST
- Choriocarcinoma
- Dysgerminoma
- Sertoli-Leydig cell tumour
- GCT
|
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Testicular cancer
|
- βhCG
- Alpha-fetoprotein/AFP-L3
- CD30
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Prostate cancer
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- Prostate specific antigen
- Prostatic acid phosphatase
- Glutamate carboxypeptidase II
- erbB-3 receptor
- Early prostate cancer antigen-2
- SPINK1
- GOLPH2
- PCA3
- TMPRSS2
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Germ cell tumor
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Bladder cancer
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Breast cancer
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- CA 15-3
- erbB-2 receptor
- erbB-3 receptor
- Cathepsin D
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General histology |
Sarcoma
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Carcinoma (epithelium)
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Musculoskeletal |
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Protein: nerve tissue protein
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Synuclein |
Alpha-synuclein · Beta-synuclein · Gamma-synuclein
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Other |
Agrin · Chimerin · Granin (Chromogranin A, B) · FMR1 · Gap-43 protein · GLUT3 · Myelin · Brain natriuretic peptide · Nerve growth factor · SCG5 · Neurogranin · Neuronal calcium sensor · Neuropeptide · Olfactory marker protein · S-100 protein (Calgranulin) · Synapsin (1, 2, 3) · Synaptophysin · Tubulin · GPM6A
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anat (n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp
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noco (m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr
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proc, drug (N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)
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anat (h/r/t/c/b/l/s/a)/phys (r)/devp/prot/nttr/nttm/ntrp
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noco/auto/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- A case of hepatic carcinoid in a red deer hind (Cervus elaphus).
- Zele D, Gomba? M, Svara T, Vengu?t G.SourceUniversity of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty Institute for Breeding and Health Care of Wild Animals, Fishes and Bees Gerbi?eva 60 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia.
- Acta veterinaria Hungarica.Acta Vet Hung.2011 Sep;59(3):319-25.
- A carcinoid tumour in the liver of a red deer hind (Cervus elaphus) is described. Macroscopically, the liver was considerably enlarged with multifocal, firm, yellow and red nodular neoplastic masses, which were histopathologically diagnosed as hepatic carcinoids. The diagnosis was confirmed by modif
- PMID 21727064
- Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy and chromogranin A assay in staging and follow-up of patients with well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors.
- Stokkel MP, Rietbergen DD, Korse CM, Taal BG.SourceaDepartments of Nuclear Medicine bClinical Chemistry cGastroenterology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Nuclear medicine communications.Nucl Med Commun.2011 Aug;32(8):731-7.
- INTRODUCTION: Chromogranin A (CgA) assay and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS) are implemented in the standard workup of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). The aim of this study was to assess the value of SRS and CgA in staging and follow-up patients with well-differentiated NETs.MATERIALS AND MET
- PMID 21633314
Japanese Journal
- 直接授乳行動における母親への心理的影響に関する文献検討 : 母乳育児中の母親に対する精神的ストレスマーカーとして唾液中クロモグラニンAの有効性
- 小曽根 秀実,久住 武,近藤 昊
- 群馬県立県民健康科学大学紀要 6, 1-12, 2011-03
- 母乳育児の身体的な利点について栄養学的及び免疫学的視点から研究は数多いもののその母親のリラクセーションや精神的ストレスに関するランダム化比較試験(RCT)や準ランダム化比較試験(CCT)などEvidence levelの高い論文は数少ない.筆者は,直接授乳(母乳育児)行動は精神的ストレスをやわらげるのではないかと予測し,母乳分泌の生理及び精神的ストレスと授乳の研究がどの程度エビデンスとして報告され …
- NAID 110008148664
- 心理尺度と唾液中クロモグラニンAによる入浴効果の測定--若年者と高齢者の比較
Related Links
- Chromogranin A or parathyroid secretory protein 1 (gene name CHGA) is a member of the granin family of neuroendocrine secretory proteins, i.e. it is located in secretory vesicles of neurons and endocrine cells. In humans, chromogranin A ...
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- thyroid gland
- ラ
- glandula thyroidea
- 関
- 甲状腺ホルモン、副甲状腺(上皮小体)
- 喉頭
- 図:N.24(全面の筋),25(全面の筋),70(血管),71(血管)
解剖学
部位
性状
- 成人の正常重量15-25g、女性の方が少し重い。妊娠中や性周期で重量が変化する。分泌期初期(early secretary phase排卵後2-5日目)には50%も重量が増加する。
大きさ
- よくわかる甲状腺疾患のすべて 永井書店 (2004/01) ISBN 481591673X
- 単位はmm?
|
n
|
峡部
|
横断厚
|
横径
|
縦経(右)
|
縦経(左)
|
男性
|
34
|
1.8±0.6
|
18±3.0
|
48±4.8
|
49±3.7
|
49±3.8
|
女性
|
16
|
1.3±0.8
|
16±2.2
|
46±3.6
|
45±6.0
|
46±3.0
|
血管
動脈
静脈
神経
- 声帯を支配する神経が甲状腺の裏側を通過 N.71
画像
- (高エコー)筋肉>甲状腺>気道(低エコー) ← 要確認
組織学
- 成人甲状腺全体の0.1%を占める
- カルシトニン産生細胞、HEでは判別困難。
- 銀染色(Glimerius)、免疫組織化学(chromogranin A、synaprophysin, carcitoninなど)により明らかとなる。
- 電顕では、electron dense な顆粒を有する(神経内分泌顆粒)。
機能
発生
神経支配
- 上頚部交感神経節、中頚部交感神経節。交感神経神経線維は濾胞近傍に終末し、分泌に影響を及ぼす。
臨床関連
診察所見と疾患
非腫瘍性疾患
- a) 無形成 Agenesis
- b) 低形成 Hypoplasia
- c) 異所性甲状腺:異残物
- mynocyclineによるblack thyroid:消耗性色素リポフスチンと他の物質(lipid-drug complexによりlysosomeに色素が沈着する)。
- a) 濾胞腺腫 follicular adenoma
- a) 乳頭癌 papillary carcinoma 88%
- b) 濾胞癌 follicular carcinoma 4.2% 甲状腺濾胞癌 thyroid follicular carcinoma
- c) 低分化癌 poorly differentiated carcinoma
- d) 未分化癌 undifferentiated carcinoma 1.5%
- e) 髄様癌(C細胞癌) medullary carcinoma, C-cell carcinoma 1.4%
- f) 悪性リンパ腫 malignant lymphoma 3.5%
Henry Gray (1825-1861). Anatomy of the Human Body. 1918.
Henry Gray (1825-1861). Anatomy of the Human Body. 1918.
Henry Gray (1825-1861). Anatomy of the Human Body. 1918.
分類
[★]
- 英
- carcinoid
- 同
- カルチノイド腫瘍 carcinoid tumor
- 好銀性細胞腫 argyrophil cell tumor
- 関
- カルチノイド症候群、消化管カルチノイド
概念
- 気管支や消化管に発生し、原腸系臓器に広く分布する内分泌系細胞腫瘍の低異型度腫瘍。消化管に発生したものは特に消化管カルチノイドという(YN.A-75)
疫学
- 欧米では小腸腫瘍の中で悪性腫瘍に次いで2番目に多いが、日本では非常にまれ。
分類
部位
発生部位
- 発生部位:消化管(虫垂、大腸、小腸、直腸、胃)および肺、気管支
- 直腸が最多 (YN.A-75)
- 肺:発生母地(気管支腺、細気管支上皮内に存在するKultchitzky細胞)。神経内分泌顆粒を有する。(NSU.344)
病理
- 粘膜下腫瘍と同様の所見を呈することが多い。 ちなみにGISTは粘膜下腫瘍
- つまり辺縁はなだらかである。
- 細胞の配列:索状、リボン状。時にロゼット様
- 核:小型、円形で中心に存在し、分裂像は少ない
予後
- 予後(5年生存率):虫垂のカルチノイドを除いて90%。小腸原発のカルチノイドで肝臓に転移があっても50% (BPT.627)
消化管 (BPT.626)
疫学
- The peak incidence of these neoplasms is in the sixth decade.(BPT.626)
- 直腸結腸癌の2%以下。小腸の悪性腫瘍の半分を占める
- 転移:虫垂と直腸のカルチノイドは転移しにくい。90%の胃、空腸、結腸のカルチノイドは
直腸
疫学(NSU.590)
- 消化器系のカルチノイドのうち最多(36%)。
- 40-50歳代に多い。
- 男:女=1.4:1
国試
[★]
- 英
- chromogranin A CgA
- 関
- 褐色細胞腫、神経内分泌腫瘍
- 436アミノ酸残基から構成される酸性の糖タンパク質
- 神経内分泌細胞の分枝顆粒内に様々なホルモンと共に蓄えられており、刺激により放出される。
- 副腎髄質のクロム親和性顆粒に含まれ、カテコラミンとともに放出される糖蛋白
[★]
[★]
- 関
- adenoviral、adenovirus