血便

関: blood in stool、hematochezia、hemorrhagic stool、melena

WordNet

passage of stools containing blood (as from diverticulosis or colon cancer or peptic ulcer) (同)haematochezia
abnormally dark tarry feces containing blood (usually from gastrointestinal bleeding) (同)melaena
smear with blood, as in a hunting initiation rite, where the face of a person is smeared with the blood of the kill
temperament or disposition; "a person of hot blood"
people viewed as members of a group; "we need more young blood in this organization"
the fluid (red in vertebrates) that is pumped through the body by the heart and contains plasma, blood cells, and platelets; "blood carries oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and carries away waste products"; "the ancients believed that blood was the sea
react to a decoy, of wildfowl
have a bowel movement; "The dog had made in the flower beds" (同)defecate, shit, take a shit, take a crap, ca-ca, crap, make
grow shoots in the form of stools or tillers (同)tiller
(forestry) the stump of a tree that has been felled or headed for the production of saplings
a simple seat without a back or arms
lure with a stool, as of wild fowl
cover with blood; "bloody your hands"
having or covered with or accompanied by blood; "a bloody nose"; "your scarf is all bloody"; "the effects will be violent and probably bloody"; "a bloody fight"
extremely; "you are bloody right"; "Why are you so all-fired aggressive?" (同)damn, all-fired

PrepTutorEJDIC

『血』,『血』液 / 流血(bloodshed);殺人 / 気質,気性,血気,血潮 / 『血統』,血縁(kinship);生まれ,家柄;《the~》王家の血統 / (人種・出身国の)系 / 〈人〉‘に'初めての経験をさせる / 〈猟犬〉‘に'初めて獲物を血を味わわせる
(ひじ掛け・背のない)『腰掛け』,スツール / 足台,ひざつき台 / 大便
『出血している』(bleeding) / 『血まみれの』,血でよごれた / 血なまぐさい,残酷な / 《英俗》ひどい,忌まわしい(damned) / ひどく(damned) / …'を'血まみれにする

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/03/02 19:51:22」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

In medicine, when referring to human feces, blood in stool looks different depending on (1) how early it enters the intestines (and thus how much digestive action it has been exposed to) and on (2) how much there is (a little bit, more than a little, or a lot). This is why bright red blood in the stool has different clinical significance (and a different name) than brown or black blood in the stool. Thus the term can refer either to melena, with more blackish appearance, originating from upper gastrointestinal bleeding, or to hematochezia, with more red color, originating from lower gastrointestinal bleeding. The term "blood in stool" is usually not used to describe fecal occult blood, which refers to blood that is not visible and thus is found only after chemical testing is performed.

In infants, the Apt test can be used to distinguish fetal hemoglobin from maternal blood.

List of causes

Common causes of blood in the stool include:

Anal fissure
Colorectal cancer^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]
Crohns disease^[6]
Ulcerative colitis^[7]
Internal hemorrhoids^[8]^[9]
Inflammatory enteritis - inflammation of the small intestine, which may be caused by various forms of food poisoning as well as by other conditions:^[10]
- E. coli enteritis, the most common cause of travelers' diarrhea^[11]
- Campylobacter enteritis^[12]
- Shigellosis^[13]
- Salmonellosis (salmonella enteritis/samonella enterocolitis)^[14]^[15]
- Bacterial gastroenteritis^[16]
- Staphylococcus aureus^[10]
- Radiation enteritis^[17]
Diverticulosis^[18]
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding^[19]
Peptic ulcer disease^[20]
Esophageal varices^[21]
Gastric cancer^[22]

References

^ "Colon Cancer Symptoms - What are Colon Cancer Symptoms". Coloncancer.about.com. 2009-01-20. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
^ "Colon cancer: Symptoms". MayoClinic.com. 2011-08-13. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
^ Lenz, Heinz-Josef (2009-03-06). "What are Early Symptoms of Colorectal Cancer? Watch out for Small Changes". Alexandria, Virginia, United States: Fight Colorectal Cancer. Archived from the original on 2009-03-10. Retrieved 2013-02-23.
^ "Colon Cancer Symptoms - Colorectal Cancer Symptoms". Webmd.com. 2010-10-31. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
^ "Crohn's Disease: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD): Merck Manual Home Edition". Merckmanuals.com. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
^ "Crohn's disease: Symptoms". MayoClinic.com. 2011-08-09. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
^ "Ulcerative Colitis - Symptoms, Causes and Treatments of Ulcerative Colitis". Webmd.com. 2010-10-07. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
^ Hemorrhoids, National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health.
^ Hemorrhoids: Symptoms, Mayo Clinic.
^ ^a ^b MedlinePlus Encyclopedia Enteritis
^ MedlinePlus Encyclopedia E. coli enteritis
^ MedlinePlus Encyclopedia Campylobacter infection
^ Shigellosis, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
^ MedlinePlus Encyclopedia Salmonella enterocolitis
^ "Salmonella infection: Symptoms". MayoClinic.com. 2011-04-16. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
^ MedlinePlus Encyclopedia Bacterial gastroenteritis
^ MedlinePlus Encyclopedia Radiation enteritis
^ "Diverticulitis: Diverticular Disease: Merck Manual Home Edition". Merckmanuals.com. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
^ Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding at eMedicine
^ "Peptic ulcer: Symptoms". MayoClinic.com. 2011-01-06. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
^ "Esophageal varices: Symptoms". MayoClinic.com. 2010-10-30. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
^ Gastric Cancer at eMedicine

UpToDate Contents

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1. 成人におけるごく少量の直腸からの出血へのアプローチ approach to minimal bright red bleeding per rectum in adults
2. 全身性エリテマトーデスの神経精神症状：原因および診断的アプローチ lower gastrointestinal bleeding in children causes and diagnostic approach
3. 成人における急性下部消化管出血に対するアプローチ approach to acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding in adults
4. 成人における確定診断を得られていない低血圧やショックの評価および初期アプローチ evaluation of and initial approach to the adult patient with undifferentiated hypotension and shock
5. 成人における下部消化管出血の病因 etiology of lower gastrointestinal bleeding in adults

English Journal

A modified technique of end-to-End pancreaticojejunostomy with transpancreatic interlocking mattress sutures.

Wang M, Zhu F, Wang X, Tian R, Shi C, Shen M, Xu M, Han J, Luo N, Qin R.SourceDepartment of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
Journal of surgical oncology.J Surg Oncol.2013 May 2. doi: 10.1002/jso.23319. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND: Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) represents the most important cause of morbidity after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) and contributes to prolonged hospitalization and increased mortality rates. This study presents a new technique, which involves end-to-end pancreaticojejunostomy wi
PMID 23636978

Perforated gastrointestinal stromal tumor in Meckel's diverticulum treated laparoscopically.

López-Tomassetti Fernández EM, Hernández Hernández JR, Nuñez Jorge V.SourceDepartment of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Insular University Hospital of Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain.
Asian journal of endoscopic surgery.Asian J Endosc Surg.2013 May;6(2):126-9. doi: 10.1111/ases.12016.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) can represent a source of substantial gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Bleeding is described as a frequent cause of clinical presentation and commonly patients received surgical treatment on an urgent basis to drain the hematoma. However, a literature review has sh
PMID 23601997

Acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage: radiologic diagnosis and management.

Jaskolka JD, Binkhamis S, Prabhudesai V, Chawla TP.SourceDepartment of Medical Imaging, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: jjaskolka@mtsinai.on.ca.
Canadian Association of Radiologists journal = Journal l'Association canadienne des radiologistes.Can Assoc Radiol J.2013 May;64(2):90-100. doi: 10.1016/j.carj.2012.08.001. Epub 2012 Dec 12.
PMID 23245297

Japanese Journal

臨床研究・症例報告無痛性血便を来した出血性Meckel憩室の乳児症例

小児科臨床 69(10), 1651-1655, 2016-10
NAID 40020936689

新生児消化管アレルギーの診断における経口負荷試験陽性の予測因子に関する前方視的多施設調査

アレルギー 65(6), 776-784, 2016
NAID 130005166056

繰り返す直腸癌術後遅発性大腸壊死の1例

日本大腸肛門病学会雑誌 69(8), 430-435, 2016
NAID 130005166012

「下血」

Blood in stool
Classification and external resources
Specialty	Gastroenterology
ICD-9-CM	578.1
DiseasesDB	19317
MedlinePlus	003130
	[edit on Wikidata]

　　[★]

英: melena
ラ: melaena
同: タール便 tarry stool
関: 消化管出血(上部消化管出血、下部消化管出血)、黒色便、赤色便。吐血

定義

肉眼的に便に血液が混入する病態　　⇔　　潜血便潜出血 occult bleeding(肉眼的に血液混入がはっきりしない)
肛門からの血性排泄物を排泄すること

古典的：タール便(黒色を意味する)
臨床的：

(広義)便の中に血液が含まれている状態：黒色便、タール便、粘血便、鮮血便　　　(ただし潜血便は含まれない)
(狭義)タール便

狭義

症候名	便性状
下血	タール便	黒色便
血便	鮮血便	赤色便

下血

分類

頻度

IMD.566

疾患	頻度(%)
虚血性腸炎	26.4
抗菌薬起因性腸炎	16.4
大腸癌、大腸ポリープ	11.2
憩室炎	10
小腸より口側の出血	7.6
感染性腸炎	7.2
痔、裂肛	6.4
宿便性潰瘍	5.2
その他の腸炎	4
その他の出血	1.2
不明	4.4

出血部位と便の性状

IMD.567

暗褐色～赤褐色便	十二指腸	消化性潰瘍、乳頭部癌
	肝臓	肝癌
	胆道	胆道腫瘍、胆道炎
	膵臓	膵炎、膵癌
	小腸	クローン病、メッケル憩室、腸管動静脈血栓症、腸重積、感染性腸炎、結核、良悪性腫瘍
鮮紅色便	結腸	結腸癌、潰瘍性大腸炎、虚血性腸炎、ポリープ、憩室炎、悪性リンパ腫、薬物性腸炎、腸結核、S状結腸軸捻転、放射線腸炎
鮮紅色便	直腸～肛門	直腸癌、裂肛、痔核、ポリープ、潰瘍性大腸炎、放射線腸炎、子宮内膜症

「血便」

　　[★]

英: hematochezia, melena, bloody stool, hemorrhagic stool
関: 下血、消化管出血

[show details]

en

melena : 約 1,450,000 件
hematochezia : 約 126,000 件
bloody stool : 約 316,000 件
blood in stool : 約 1,390,000 件
hemorrhagic stool : 77 件

melena、hematochezia、bloody stool、blood in stool、hemorrhagic stool

血便

タール便
鮮血便：90%以上は痔疾患由来。
粘血便

定義

曖昧かもしれない。文献によって定義が異なる。

血液の付着または混入が肉眼で確実に認められる糞便。
赤い血液の混じった便　(消化器疾患ビジュアルブック p.12)　→　つまりは大腸由来の出血(大腸出血)を示唆。だが、小腸出血が多量ならばあり得るけどな。

原因

小腸：小腸腫瘍、クローン病、小腸潰瘍、メッケル憩室
大腸：大腸憩室、大腸アンギオディスプラジア、虚血性大腸炎、痔核、大腸癌、大腸ポリープ、潰瘍性大腸炎、クローン病、放射性直腸炎、細菌性腸炎

「blood in stool」

　　[★]

下血、血便

関: bloody stool、hematochezia、hemorrhagic stool、melena

「hemorrhagic stool」

　　[★]

下血、血便

関: blood in stool、bloody stool、hematochezia、melena

「stool」

　　[★]

n.

便、糞便、大便

関: excrement、faecal、faeces、fecal、feces

「bloody」

　　[★]

adj.

観血的な

関: invasive、invasively

「blood」

　　[★] 血液

[1] "Colon Cancer Symptoms - What are Colon Cancer Symptoms". Coloncancer.about.com. 2009-01-20. Retrieved 2012-01-31.

[2] "Colon cancer: Symptoms". MayoClinic.com. 2011-08-13. Retrieved 2012-01-31.

[3] Lenz, Heinz-Josef (2009-03-06). "What are Early Symptoms of Colorectal Cancer? Watch out for Small Changes". Alexandria, Virginia, United States: Fight Colorectal Cancer. Archived from the original on 2009-03-10. Retrieved 2013-02-23.

[4] "Colon Cancer Symptoms - Colorectal Cancer Symptoms". Webmd.com. 2010-10-31. Retrieved 2012-01-31.

[5] "Crohn's Disease: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD): Merck Manual Home Edition". Merckmanuals.com. Retrieved 2012-01-31.

[6] "Crohn's disease: Symptoms". MayoClinic.com. 2011-08-09. Retrieved 2012-01-31.

[7] "Ulcerative Colitis - Symptoms, Causes and Treatments of Ulcerative Colitis". Webmd.com. 2010-10-07. Retrieved 2012-01-31.

[8] Hemorrhoids, National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health.

[9] Hemorrhoids: Symptoms, Mayo Clinic.

[MedlinePlusEnteritis-10] MedlinePlus Encyclopedia Enteritis

[11] MedlinePlus Encyclopedia E. coli enteritis

[12] MedlinePlus Encyclopedia Campylobacter infection

[13] Shigellosis, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

[14] MedlinePlus Encyclopedia Salmonella enterocolitis

[15] "Salmonella infection: Symptoms". MayoClinic.com. 2011-04-16. Retrieved 2012-01-31.

[16] MedlinePlus Encyclopedia Bacterial gastroenteritis

[17] MedlinePlus Encyclopedia Radiation enteritis

[18] "Diverticulitis: Diverticular Disease: Merck Manual Home Edition". Merckmanuals.com. Retrieved 2012-01-31.

[19] Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding at eMedicine

[20] "Peptic ulcer: Symptoms". MayoClinic.com. 2011-01-06. Retrieved 2012-01-31.

[21] "Esophageal varices: Symptoms". MayoClinic.com. 2010-10-30. Retrieved 2012-01-31.

[22] Gastric Cancer at eMedicine

リンク元	「下血」「血便」「blood in stool」「hemorrhagic stool」
関連記事	「stool」「bloody」「blood」

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bloody stool