下血、血便

関: bloody stool、hematochezia、hemorrhagic stool、melena

WordNet

passage of stools containing blood (as from diverticulosis or colon cancer or peptic ulcer) (同)haematochezia
abnormally dark tarry feces containing blood (usually from gastrointestinal bleeding) (同)melaena
holding office; "the in party"
to or toward the inside of; "come in"; "smash in the door" (同)inwards, inward
currently fashionable; "the in thing to do"; "large shoulder pads are in"
directed or bound inward; "took the in bus"; "the in basket"
smear with blood, as in a hunting initiation rite, where the face of a person is smeared with the blood of the kill
temperament or disposition; "a person of hot blood"
people viewed as members of a group; "we need more young blood in this organization"
the fluid (red in vertebrates) that is pumped through the body by the heart and contains plasma, blood cells, and platelets; "blood carries oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and carries away waste products"; "the ancients believed that blood was the sea
react to a decoy, of wildfowl
have a bowel movement; "The dog had made in the flower beds" (同)defecate, shit, take a shit, take a crap, ca-ca, crap, make
grow shoots in the form of stools or tillers (同)tiller
(forestry) the stump of a tree that has been felled or headed for the production of saplings
a simple seat without a back or arms
lure with a stool, as of wild fowl

PrepTutorEJDIC

《具体的な場所,位置》 / …『の中に』(『で』) / …『において』,…で / 《intoの代りに移動を表す動詞と共に》…『の中へ』 / (乗り物)『に乗って』 / …『の状熊に』(『で』) / …『に従事して』,に属して / …『を身につけて』,に覆われて / 《『in』do『ing』の形で》…『するときに』,する際に(when) / 《時間》 / …『して』,…『が経過したあと』 / …『の間に』 / …『については』,…の点では / 《方法・手段・材料》…『で』 / 《人を目的語にして,性質・能力があることを示して》…の中に / …の目的で,のつもりで,として / 《比率割合》…のうちで,につき / 《過去分詞に伴って》…に[…されて] / 『中へ』(に) / 『在宅して』,帰って / (乗り物などが)『到着して』,(時期・季節が)来て / 出回って,流行して / 《俗》流行の,当世風の / 《話》特定の人々にのみ理解される
『血』,『血』液 / 流血(bloodshed);殺人 / 気質,気性,血気,血潮 / 『血統』,血縁(kinship);生まれ,家柄;《the~》王家の血統 / (人種・出身国の)系 / 〈人〉‘に'初めての経験をさせる / 〈猟犬〉‘に'初めて獲物を血を味わわせる
(ひじ掛け・背のない)『腰掛け』,スツール / 足台,ひざつき台 / 大便
純血の,純種の / 《複合語を作って》「…の血(性質)を持った」の意を表す
indiumの化学記号

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/02/24 02:45:24」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

In medicine, when referring to human feces, blood in stool looks different depending on (1) how early it enters the intestines (and thus how much digestive action it has been exposed to) and on (2) how much there is (a little bit, more than a little, or a lot). This is why bright red blood in the stool has different clinical significance (and a different name) than brown or black blood in the stool. Thus the term can refer either to melena, with more blackish appearance, originating from upper gastrointestinal bleeding, or to hematochezia, with more red color, originating from lower gastrointestinal bleeding. The term "blood in stool" is usually not used to describe fecal occult blood, which refers to blood that is not visible and thus is found only after chemical testing is performed.

In infants, the Apt test can be used to distinguish fetal hemoglobin from maternal blood.

List of causes

Common causes of blood in the stool include:

Anal fissure
Colorectal cancer^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]
Crohns disease^[6]
Ulcerative colitis^[7]
Internal hemorrhoids^[8]^[9]
Inflammatory enteritis - inflammation of the small intestine, which may be caused by various forms of food poisoning as well as by other conditions:^[10]
- E. coli enteritis, the most common cause of travelers' diarrhea^[11]
- Campylobacter enteritis^[12]
- Shigellosis^[13]
- Salmonellosis (salmonella enteritis/samonella enterocolitis)^[14]^[15]
- Bacterial gastroenteritis^[16]
- Staphylococcus aureus^[10]
- Radiation enteritis^[17]
Diverticulosis^[18]
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding^[19]
Peptic ulcer disease^[20]
Esophageal varices^[21]
Gastric cancer^[22]

References

^ "Colon Cancer Symptoms - What are Colon Cancer Symptoms". Coloncancer.about.com. 2009-01-20. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
^ "Colon cancer: Symptoms". MayoClinic.com. 2011-08-13. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
^ Lenz, Heinz-Josef (2009-03-06). "What are Early Symptoms of Colorectal Cancer? Watch out for Small Changes". Alexandria, Virginia, United States: Fight Colorectal Cancer. Archived from the original on 2009-03-10. Retrieved 2013-02-23.
^ "Colon Cancer Symptoms - Colorectal Cancer Symptoms". Webmd.com. 2010-10-31. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
^ "Crohn's Disease: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD): Merck Manual Home Edition". Merckmanuals.com. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
^ "Crohn's disease: Symptoms". MayoClinic.com. 2011-08-09. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
^ "Ulcerative Colitis - Symptoms, Causes and Treatments of Ulcerative Colitis". Webmd.com. 2010-10-07. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
^ Hemorrhoids, National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health.
^ Hemorrhoids: Symptoms, Mayo Clinic.
^ ^a ^b MedlinePlus Encyclopedia Enteritis
^ MedlinePlus Encyclopedia E. coli enteritis
^ MedlinePlus Encyclopedia Campylobacter infection
^ Shigellosis, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
^ MedlinePlus Encyclopedia Salmonella enterocolitis
^ "Salmonella infection: Symptoms". MayoClinic.com. 2011-04-16. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
^ MedlinePlus Encyclopedia Bacterial gastroenteritis
^ MedlinePlus Encyclopedia Radiation enteritis
^ "Diverticulitis: Diverticular Disease: Merck Manual Home Edition". Merckmanuals.com. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
^ Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding at eMedicine
^ "Peptic ulcer: Symptoms". MayoClinic.com. 2011-01-06. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
^ "Esophageal varices: Symptoms". MayoClinic.com. 2010-10-30. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
^ Gastric Cancer at eMedicine

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 成人におけるごく少量の直腸からの出血へのアプローチ approach to minimal bright red bleeding per rectum in adults
2. 全身性エリテマトーデスの神経精神症状：原因および診断的アプローチ lower gastrointestinal bleeding in children causes and diagnostic approach
3. 成人における急性下部消化管出血に対するアプローチ approach to acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding in adults
4. 幼児の食物蛋白誘発性直腸炎/大腸炎および腸疾患 food protein induced proctitis colitis and enteropathy of infancy
5. 成人における下部消化管出血の病因 etiology of lower gastrointestinal bleeding in adults

English Journal

Bundled Payment for Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage.

Mehta SJ1.
Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association.Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol.2016 Dec;14(12):1681-1684. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2016.06.013. Epub 2016 Sep 28.
PMID 27692974

Cefoperazone/Sulbactam-Induced Abdominal Wall Hematoma and Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Cai Z1, Yang W1, He Y1, Chen Q1, Wang S1, Luo X1, Wang X2.
Drug safety - case reports.Drug Saf Case Rep.2016 Dec;3(1):2.
An 87-year-old woman developed abdominal wall hematoma and upper gastrointestinal bleeding during treatment with cefoperazone/sulbactam for pneumonia. The woman received cefoperazone/sulbactam at 4.5 g twice daily for intravenous infusion. After 7 days, she developed sudden onset of left lower abd
PMID 27747682

Detection and Molecular Characterization of Gemycircularvirus from Environmental Samples in Brazil.

da Silva Assis MR1, Vieira CB1, Fioretti JM1, Rocha MS1, de Almeida PI1, Miagostovich MP1, Fumian TM2.
Food and environmental virology.Food Environ Virol.2016 Dec;8(4):305-309. Epub 2016 Jul 8.
Gemycircularvirus (GemyCV) is a group of viruses which has been recently proposed as a new viral genus detected in fecal and environmental samples around the world. GemyCVs have been detected in human blood, brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid, and stool sample. In the present study, we demonstrate fo
PMID 27393014

Japanese Journal

露出血管を伴った回盲部潰瘍から出血を繰り返したカンピロバクター腸炎の1例

日本消化器内視鏡学会雑誌 57(10), 2463-2468, 2015
NAID 130005105765

Effect of Polydextrose Intake on Constipation in Japanese Dialysis Patients: A Triple-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology 61(4), 345-353, 2015
NAID 130005102620

幽門側胃切除術後に特発性血小板減少性紫斑病が寛解した胃癌の1例

日本臨床外科学会雑誌 76(3), 510-514, 2015
NAID 130005101759

「血便」

Blood in stool
Classification and external resources
Specialty	Gastroenterology
ICD-9-CM	578.1
DiseasesDB	19317
MedlinePlus	003130
	[edit on Wikidata]

　　[★]

英: hematochezia, melena, bloody stool, hemorrhagic stool
関: 下血、消化管出血

[show details]

en

melena : 約 1,450,000 件
hematochezia : 約 126,000 件
bloody stool : 約 316,000 件
blood in stool : 約 1,390,000 件
hemorrhagic stool : 77 件

melena、hematochezia、bloody stool、blood in stool、hemorrhagic stool

血便

タール便
鮮血便：90%以上は痔疾患由来。
粘血便

定義

曖昧かもしれない。文献によって定義が異なる。

血液の付着または混入が肉眼で確実に認められる糞便。
赤い血液の混じった便　(消化器疾患ビジュアルブック p.12)　→　つまりは大腸由来の出血(大腸出血)を示唆。だが、小腸出血が多量ならばあり得るけどな。

原因

小腸：小腸腫瘍、クローン病、小腸潰瘍、メッケル憩室
大腸：大腸憩室、大腸アンギオディスプラジア、虚血性大腸炎、痔核、大腸癌、大腸ポリープ、潰瘍性大腸炎、クローン病、放射性直腸炎、細菌性腸炎

「hemorrhagic stool」

　　[★]

下血、血便

関: blood in stool、bloody stool、hematochezia、melena

「bloody stool」

　　[★]

血便

関: blood in stool、hematochezia、hemorrhagic stool、melena

「stool」

　　[★]

n.

便、糞便、大便

関: excrement、faecal、faeces、fecal、feces

「In」

　　[★] インジウム indium 　

「blood」

　　[★] 血液

[1] "Colon Cancer Symptoms - What are Colon Cancer Symptoms". Coloncancer.about.com. 2009-01-20. Retrieved 2012-01-31.

[2] "Colon cancer: Symptoms". MayoClinic.com. 2011-08-13. Retrieved 2012-01-31.

[3] Lenz, Heinz-Josef (2009-03-06). "What are Early Symptoms of Colorectal Cancer? Watch out for Small Changes". Alexandria, Virginia, United States: Fight Colorectal Cancer. Archived from the original on 2009-03-10. Retrieved 2013-02-23.

[4] "Colon Cancer Symptoms - Colorectal Cancer Symptoms". Webmd.com. 2010-10-31. Retrieved 2012-01-31.

[5] "Crohn's Disease: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD): Merck Manual Home Edition". Merckmanuals.com. Retrieved 2012-01-31.

[6] "Crohn's disease: Symptoms". MayoClinic.com. 2011-08-09. Retrieved 2012-01-31.

[7] "Ulcerative Colitis - Symptoms, Causes and Treatments of Ulcerative Colitis". Webmd.com. 2010-10-07. Retrieved 2012-01-31.

[8] Hemorrhoids, National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health.

[9] Hemorrhoids: Symptoms, Mayo Clinic.

[MedlinePlusEnteritis-10] MedlinePlus Encyclopedia Enteritis

[11] MedlinePlus Encyclopedia E. coli enteritis

[12] MedlinePlus Encyclopedia Campylobacter infection

[13] Shigellosis, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

[14] MedlinePlus Encyclopedia Salmonella enterocolitis

[15] "Salmonella infection: Symptoms". MayoClinic.com. 2011-04-16. Retrieved 2012-01-31.

[16] MedlinePlus Encyclopedia Bacterial gastroenteritis

[17] MedlinePlus Encyclopedia Radiation enteritis

[18] "Diverticulitis: Diverticular Disease: Merck Manual Home Edition". Merckmanuals.com. Retrieved 2012-01-31.

[19] Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding at eMedicine

[20] "Peptic ulcer: Symptoms". MayoClinic.com. 2011-01-06. Retrieved 2012-01-31.

[21] "Esophageal varices: Symptoms". MayoClinic.com. 2010-10-30. Retrieved 2012-01-31.

[22] Gastric Cancer at eMedicine

リンク元	「血便」「hemorrhagic stool」「bloody stool」
関連記事	「stool」「In」「blood」

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案内

blood in stool