WordNet

used as expletives; "oh, damn (or goddamn)!" (同)goddamn
something of little value; "his promise is not worth a damn"; "not worth one red cent"; "not worth shucks" (同)darn, hoot, red_cent, shit, shucks, tinker''s damn, tinker''s dam
deserving a curse; "her damnable pride" (同)execrable
obstruct with, or as if with, a dam; "dam the gorges of the Yangtse River" (同)dam up
a barrier constructed to contain the flow of water or to keep out the sea (同)dike, dyke
female parent of an animal especially domestic livestock
in a damnable manner; "kindly Arthur--so damnably , politely , endlessly persistent!" (同)damnably, cursedly
people who are condemned to eternal punishment; "he felt he had visited the realm of the damned"

PrepTutorEJDIC

…'を'『けなす』,酷評する / 〈神が〉〈人〉'を'地獄に落とす,永遠に罰する / …'を'破滅させる,だめにする / …'を'のろう / 〈U〉〈C〉ののしり,けなし / 〈C〉《話》《否定文に用いて》《a~》少し / =damned / =damnation
地獄に落ちるべき / 《話》ひどい,憎むべき,いまいましい
(のろい・悔しさなどを表して)ちきしょう,こんちきしょう / =damned
最善,ベスト / まったく異常な,驚くべき
〈C〉『ダム』,せき / 〈U〉ダムでせき止めた水 / 〈水流など〉'を'『せき止める』《+『up』+『名』,+『up』+『名』》 / 〈感情など〉'を'むりやり抑える《+『up』(『back』)+『名,』+『名』+『up』》
(四足動物の)母親,雌親
のろわれた,地獄に落とされた / (また《俗》damn)いまわしい,ひどい / はなはだしく,いやに
罪を免れない,(証拠などが)のっぴきならない

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/02/24 23:31:06」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

For other uses, see Damnation (album), Damn (disambiguation), and Damned (disambiguation).

"Goddamned" redirects here. For the Jay Brannan album, see Goddamned (album).

Damnation (from Latin damnatio) is the concept of everlasting divine punishment and/or disgrace, especially the punishment for sin as threatened by God (e.g. Mark 3:29). A damned being "in damnation" is said to be either in Hell, or living in a state wherein they are divorced from Heaven and/or in a state of disgrace from God's favor. Those Christians in purgatory, the "Church Suffering", are not considered damned, because their stay there is not eternal, while people who are damned to Hell will stay there eternally.

Following the religious meaning, the words damn and goddamn are a common form of religious profanity, in modern times often semantically weakened to the status of mere interjections.

Etymology

Classical Latin damnum means "damage, cost, expense; penalty, fine", ultimately from a PIE root *dap-. The verb damnare in Roman law acquired a legal meaning of "to pronounce judgement upon".

The word enters Middle English usage from Old French in the early 14th century. The secular meaning survives in English "to condemn" (in a court of law), or "damning criticism". The noun damnation itself is mostly reserved for the religious sense in Modern English, while condemnation remains common in secular usage.

During the 18th century and until about 1930, use of damn as an expletive was considered a severe profanity and was mostly avoided in print. The expression "not worth a damn" is recorded in 1802.^[1] Use of damn as an adjective, short for damned, is recorded in 1775. Damn Yankee (a Southern US term for "Northerner") dates to 1812.

Christianity

Further information: Hell, Sin, Last Judgement, Christian eschatology, and Universal reconciliation

In some forms of Western Christian belief, damnation to hell is what humanity deserves for its sins. Much of the time, these sins are related to those of Adam and Eve in the book of Genesis. Only through the grace of God and salvation through Jesus Christ, can one atone for their sins and escape damnation. One conception is of eternal suffering and denial of entrance to heaven, often described in the Bible as burning in a Lake of Fire. Another conception, derived from the scripture about Gehenna is simply that people will be discarded (burned), as being unworthy of preservation by God. The reasons for being damned have varied widely through the centuries, with little consistency between different forms of Christianity (i.e., Catholic or Protestant). Sins ranging from murder to dancing have been said to lead to damnation. In some belief systems, only the sins that the Ten Commandments describe cause damnation, but others apply more strict terms.

In Eastern Christian traditions (Eastern Orthodoxy and Oriental Orthodoxy), as well as some Western traditions, it is seen as a state of opposition to the love of God,^[2] a state into which all humans are born but against which Christ is the Mediator and Redeemer.

Islam

Further information: Jahannam and Islamic view of the Last Judgment

Islam has a similar notion of damnation as Christianity . Similar to the Christian God, God in Islam is depicted as forgiving (Al-Ghafir) apart from idolatry, which is unforgivable.

As profanity

Historically, from the 19th century until the 1930s, the exclamation "damn" was mostly considered unprintable. The use of "damn" in Rhett Butler's parting line to Scarlett O'Hara in the film Gone with the Wind in 1939 challenged sensitivities at the time.

"Damn" today is a mildly profane word used in North America, the United Kingdom and Australia, although "God damn," or "Goddamn," is still considered highly blasphemous by religious people, taken either as a condemnation of God or as a violation of the commandment against taking God's name in vain. The term is mostly broadcast in the United Kingdom (usually through American imports), but it is not considered blasphemous. "Dang" or "darn" are sometimes used as euphemisms, specifically minced oaths, for "damn".

The exact level of profanity of the expletive "damn" is not agreed on, and is sometimes believed to be nonexistent. The expletive "damn" has rarely been found in G-rated movies or TV-G-rated television events, usually resulting in higher ratings on the grounds it may be unsafe for children to hear. Similar words such as "damning" or "damnation" are normally overlooked in this aspect; the expletive is usually the only form targeted by PG or TV-PG censorship. Euphemisms of "damn" such as "darn" or "dang" are rarely considered unsafe for general audiences.

"Damn" is also used colloquially as an emphatic exclamation; e.g. "Damn, he/she is fine" or perhaps "Damn, he has a nice car!" "Hot damn" may be used similarly, but it is somewhat distinct; for example, if one says, "Joe just won the lottery," a response of "Damn!" on its own can indicate disapproval, but "Hot damn!" indicates approval or surprise or pain. "Damned" is also used as an adjective synonymous with "annoying" or "uncooperative," or as a means of giving emphasis. For example, "The damn(ed) furnace isn't working again!" or, "I just washed the damn(ed) car!" or, "The damn(ed) dog won't stop barking!" (The word "damned" is usually only used in North America, whereas in other English speaking countries the word is simply "damn".)

In Indian English, there is a folk etymology connecting "I don't give a damn" with the dam, a 16th-century copper coin. Salman Rushdie, in a 1985 essay on the dictionary of Anglo-Indian terms 'Hobson-Jobson', ends with this:

"Frankly, my dear, I don't give a small copper coin weighing one tolah, eight mashas and seven surkhs, being the fortieth part of a rupee'. Or, to put it more concisely, a dam."^[3]

References

^ http://books.google.com/books?id=zbcTAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22worth%20a%20damn%22&pg=PA187#v=onepage&q=%22worth%20a%20damn%22&f=false
^ This interpretation concerning Paradise and Hell is not only that of St. Isaac the Syrian and St. Basil the Great, but is a general teaching of the Fathers of the Church, who interpret apophatically what is said about the eternal fire and eternal life. When we speak of apophaticism we do not mean that the Fathers distort the teaching of the Church, speaking abstractly and reflectively, but that as they interpret these themes they try to free them from the categories of human thought and from images of sensory things13. On this point too one can see how the Orthodox-Greek Fathers differ from the Franco-Latins who considered these realities as created14.[1]
^ Salman Rushdie's Hobson-Jobson essay, in the book Travelers' Tales India by James O'Reilly and Larry Habegger

English Journal

Bureau blind sides the American public. The FDA: incompetent? Stupid? Doesn't give a damn? Or all the above?

Hagan JC 3rd.
Missouri medicine.Mo Med.2013 May-Jun;110(3):188.
PMID 23829095

N, N, N', N'-Tetrabromobenzene-1,3-disulfonamide and poly (N-bromo-N-ethylbenzene-1,3-disulfonamide) as new and efficient catalysts for the synthesis of highly substituted 1,6-dihydropyrazine-2,3-dicarbonitrile derivatives.

Ghorbani-Vaghei R, Amiri M, Karimi-Nami R, Toghraei-Semiromi Z, Ghavidel M.SourceDepartment of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali-Sina University, 65174, Hamedan, Iran. rgvaghei@yahoo.com
Molecular diversity.Mol Divers.2013 May;17(2):251-9. doi: 10.1007/s11030-013-9427-0. Epub 2013 Feb 15.
Various mono and bis-1,6-dihydropyrazine-2,3-dicarbonitrile derivatives were efficiently synthesized by reacting 2,3-diaminomaleonitrile (DAMN), isocyanides and ketones in the presence of a catalytic amount of N, N, N ,N-tetrabromobenzene-1,3-disulfonamide [TBBDA] and poly(N-bromo-N-ethylbenzene-1,3
PMID 23412753

Cubilin and amnionless mediate protein reabsorption in Drosophila nephrocytes.

Zhang F, Zhao Y, Chao Y, Muir K, Han Z.SourceDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN.J Am Soc Nephrol.2013 Feb;24(2):209-16. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2012080795. Epub 2012 Dec 20.
The insect nephrocyte and the mammalian glomerular podocyte are similar with regard to filtration, but it remains unclear whether there is an organ or cell type in flies that reabsorbs proteins. Here, we show that the Drosophila nephrocyte has molecular, structural, and functional similarities to th
PMID 23264686

'That Damn Schizophrenia': Evolving Identity in Eunice Wood's Unwritten Story.

Wood ME.
Clio medica (Amsterdam, Netherlands).Clio Med.2013;90(1):261-314.
PMID 24280206

Japanese Journal

KING DAMN IT! (ラース・フォン・トリアー : 『奇跡の海』『ダンサー・イン・ザ・ダーク』から『ドッグヴィル』、そして『ニンフォマニアック』へ)

ユリイカ 46(13), 170-177, 2014-10
NAID 40020518644

『ビルマの日々』における主人公フローリと「動物」表象(東北英文学研究)

英文学研究. 支部統合号 6, 81-88, 2014-01-20
NAID 110009817015

The Better Angels (9) Lies, damn lies and statistics

数学教室 58(12), 67-69, 2012-12
NAID 40019514497

旅籠 Tabard の主人の「誓言」 : Chaucer 時代のロンドン市民 Herry Bailly の場合(林陸雄教授退任記念号)

桃山学院大学キリスト教論集 (45), 97-135, 2010-03-25
NAID 110007569600

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