出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2015/10/17 16:36:42」(JST)
VP
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A vice president (in British English: vice-president for governments and director for businesses) is an officer in government or business who is below a president (managing director) in rank. The name comes from the Latin vice meaning 'in place of'.[1] In some countries, the vice president is called the deputy president. In everyday speech, the abbreviation VP can be used.
In government, a vice-president is a person whose primary responsibility is to act in place of the president on the event of his or her death, resignation or incapacity. Vice presidents are either elected jointly with the president as his or her running mate, elected separately, or appointed independently after the president's election.
Most governments with vice presidents have one person in this role at any time, although in some countries there are two or more vice-presidents. If the president is not present, dies, resigns, or is otherwise unable to fulfill his or her duties, the vice president will generally serve as president. In many presidential systems, the vice president does not wield much day-to-day political power, but is still considered an important member of the cabinet. Several vice presidents in the Americas held the position of President of the Senate; this is the case, for example, in Argentina, the United States, and Uruguay. The vice president sometimes assumes some of the ceremonial duties of the president, such as attending functions and events that the actual president may be too busy to attend; the Vice President of the United States, for example, often attends funerals of world leaders on behalf of the president.
In business, "vice president" refers to a management position. A vice president usually reports directly to the president or CEO of the company and is a member of the executive management team. Some corporations that use this term may have individuals with the title of vice president responsible for specific business divisions (e.g., Vice President for Sales and Marketing, Vice President for Finance, or Vice President for Human Resources); the closest analogy within the US federal government structure are members of the President's cabinet, who are the most senior appointed officers of the executive branch of the federal government of the United States and are generally the heads of the federal executive departments. When there are several vice presidents in a company, these individuals are sometimes differentiated with titles denoting higher positions such as executive vice president and/or senior vice president with the remaining management team holding the title vice president. The title of assistant vice president or associate vice president is used in large organizations below vice president.[citation needed]
A corporate vice president is an older term that usually denotes a vice president that is named as a corporate officer by the board of directors. Not all vice presidents in a company in the modern business environment are named as an official corporate officer.[citation needed]
Rank | U.S. Executive Officer | U.K. Executive Officer | Investment Bank Executive Officer |
---|---|---|---|
1 | President | Managing director | President |
2 | Vice president or DP/SEVP/EVP/SVP (if used) | Deputy managing director | Deputy president or SEVP or EVP |
3 | Executive VP, group VP, or vice president (if no EVP/GVP) | Executive director | Senior managing director |
4 | Senior VP or vice president (if no SVP) | Director | Managing director |
5 | Associate VP or assistant VP | Deputy director | Executive director |
Of course, this comparison is not strictly correct, as "director" is a legal term, meaning someone registered with the relevant country's company registrar (or simply named in the legal documents, for countries not having company registration) as having managerial control of the company, and having legal responsibility for its operation, whilst a vice president does not. In either case the responsibilities may be overall to the company, a region (US, EMEA, CEE...), business unit or function such as Sales, Marketing, IT etc.
In large brokerage firms and investment banks, there are usually several vice presidents in each local branch office, the title being sometimes a marketing approach for customers, than denoting an actual managerial position within the company. Some companies liberally give out the job title vice president,[2] perhaps as an inexpensive way for a company to recognize employees, or perhaps because of delayering when an employee can't be moved higher in the organization but still deserves recognition.[3] In these cases, the title merely implies that someone is in middle or upper management.
In other organizations (e.g., trade unions, societies, clubs) one or multiple vice presidents are elected by the members of the organization. When multiple vice presidents are elected, the positions are usually numbered to prevent confusion as to who may preside or succeed to the office of president upon vacancy of that office (for example: 1st vice president, 2nd vice president, and so on). In some cases vice presidents are given titles due to their specific responsibilities, for example: Vice President of Operations, Finance, etc. In some associations the first vice president can be interchangeable with executive vice president and the remaining vice presidents are ranked in order of their seniority.
The primary responsibility of the vice president of a club or organization is to be prepared to assume the powers and duties of the office of the president in the case of a vacancy in that office. If the office of President becomes vacant, the vice president (or in clubs with multiple vice presidents, the VP that occupies the highest-ranking office), will assume the office of president, with the lower vice presidents to fill in the remaining vice presidencies, leaving the lowest vice presidency to be filled by either election or appointment. If the bylaws of a club specifically provide of the Officer title of President-Elect, that officer would assume the powers and duties of the president upon vacancy of that office.
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リンク元 | 「バソプレシン」「ポルフィリン症」「脳深部刺激療法」「視床後腹側核」「異型ポルフィリン症」 |
拡張検索 | 「VP16タンパク質」「急速連続IVP」「VPTA」「VP-16」 |
関連記事 | 「V」 |
抗利尿ホルモン : 約 57,000 件 バソプレシン : 約 19,000 件 バゾプレシン : 約 9,010 件 バソプレッシン : 約 7,590 件 バゾプレッシン : 約 4,160 件
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arginine vasopressin : 約 7,090 件 vasopressin : 約 9,170 件 antidiuretic hormone : 約 7,410 件
抗利尿作用 | 集合管上皮細胞 | V2R |
血管平滑筋収縮(昇圧作用) | 血管内皮 | V1R |
分泌促進 | 分泌抑制 | |
血漿浸透圧・循環血液量 | 出血→血圧低下、循環血液量減少 | 水負荷→血漿浸透圧低下、循環血液量増加 |
水制限→循環血液量減少、血漿浸透圧上昇 | 等張液負荷→循環血液量増加 | |
高張食塩水負荷→血漿浸透圧上昇 | ||
薬物 | プロスタグランジンE2 | フェニトイン |
モルフィン | アルコール | |
ニコチン | 心房性Na利尿ペプチド | |
β受容体作動薬 | α受容体作動薬 | |
アンジオテンシンII | ||
麻酔薬 | ||
低酸素症 | ||
高炭酸ガス血症 | ||
ビンクリスチン | ||
シクロホスファミド | ||
クロフィブレート | ||
カルバマゼピン | ||
バルビツール酸系薬 | ||
アセチルコリン | ||
ヒスタミン | ||
メトクロプラミド | ||
環境など | 立位・失神、疼痛、陽圧呼吸、遠心力 | 寒冷、陰圧呼吸、水中、臥位 |
ポルフィリン症 | 光線過敏症 | ポルフィリン 蓄積部位 |
欠損酵素 | 遺伝形式 | |
骨髄性 | 先天性骨髄性ポルフィリン症 CEP | + | 尿,糞便,赤血球 | ウロポルフィリノーゲンIIIシンターゼ | 常染色体劣性 |
骨髄性プロトポルフィリン症 EPP | + | 糞便,赤血球 | フェロケターゼ | 常染色体優性 | |
肝性 | 急性間欠性ポルフィリン症 AIP | - | - | ポルホビリノーゲンデアミナーゼ | 常染色体優性 |
異型ポルフィリン症 VP | + | 尿,糞便 | プロトポルフィリノーゲンオキシダーゼ | 常染色体優性 | |
晩発性皮膚ポルフィリン症 PCT | + | 尿,糞便 | ウロポルフィリノーゲンデカルボキシラーゼ | 常染色体優性 (家族内発症のものは) |
多様性ポルフィリン症 : 59 件 異型ポルフィリン症 : 約 1,740 件
[★] 標準高次視知覚検査 visual perception test for agnosia
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