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the 3rd letter of the Roman alphabet (同)c
(music) the keynote of the scale of C major
a general-purpose programing language closely associated with the UNIX operating system
the 13th letter of the Roman alphabet (同)m
the imperial dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644 (同)Ming dynasty

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carbonの化学記号
Mach number / mark[s] / Monsieur
(中国の)明,明朝(1368‐1644)
mendeleviumの化学記号

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/07/27 08:59:03」(JST)

wiki en

The colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1), also known as macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), is a secreted cytokine which influences hematopoietic stem cells to differentiate into macrophages or other related cell types. Eukaryotic cells also produce M-CSF in order to combat intercellular viral infection. It is one of the three experimentally described colony-stimulating factors. M-CSF binds to the colony stimulating factor 1 receptor. It may also be involved in development of the placenta.^[1]

Structure

M-CSF is a cytokine. The active form of the protein is found extracellularly as a disulfide-linked homodimer, and is thought to be produced by proteolytic cleavage of membrane-bound precursors.^[1]

Four transcript variants encoding three different isoforms (a proteoglycan, glycoprotein and cell surface protein)^[2] have been found for this gene.^[1]

Function

M-CSF (or CSF-1) is a hematopoietic growth factor that is involved in the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of monocytes, macrophages, and bone marrow progenitor cells.^[3] M-CSF affects macrophages and monocytes in several ways, including stimulating increased phagocytic and chemotactic activity, and increased tumour cell cytotoxicity.^[4] The role of M-CSF is not only restricted to the monocyte/macrophage cell lineage. By interacting with its membrane receptor (CSF1R or M-CSF-R encoded by the c-fms proto-oncogene), M-CSF also modulates the proliferation of earlier hematopoietic progenitors and influence numerous physiological processes involved in immunology, metabolism, fertility and pregnancy.^[5]

M-CSF released by osteoblasts (as a result of endocrine stimulation by parathyroid hormone) exerts paracrine effects on osteoclasts^{[citation needed]}. M-CSF binds to receptors on osteoclasts inducing differentiation, and ultimately leading to increased plasma calcium levels—through the resorption (breakdown) of bone^{[citation needed]}. Additionally, high levels of CSF-1 expression are observed in the endometrial epithelium of the pregnant uterus as well as high levels of its receptor CSF1R in the placental trophoblast. Studies have shown that activation of trophoblasitc CSF1R by local high levels of CSF-1 is essential for normal embryonic implantation and placental development. More recently, it was discovered that CSF-1 and its receptor CSF1R are implicated in the mammary gland during normal development and neoplastic growth.^[6]

Clinical significance

Locally produced M-CSF in the vessel wall contributes to the development and progression of atherosclerosis.^[7]

M-CSF has been described to play a role in renal pathology including acute kidney injury and chronic renal failure.^[8]^[9] The chronic activation of monocytes can lead to multiple metabolic, hematologic and immunologic abnormalities in patients with chronic renal failure.^[8] In the context of acute kidney injury, M-CSF has been implicated in promoting repair following injury,^[10] but also been described in an opposing role, driving proliferation of a pro-inflammatory macrophage phenotype.^[11]

Interactions

Macrophage colony-stimulating factor has been shown to interact with PIK3R2.^[12]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c "Entrez Gene: CSF1 colony stimulating factor 1 (macrophage)".
^ Jang, Mei-Huei; Herber, Deborah M.; Jiang, Xinnong; Nandi, Sayan; Dai, Xu-Ming; Zeller, Geraldine; Stanley, E. Richard; Kelley, Vicki R. (2006-09-15). "Distinct In Vivo Roles of Colony-Stimulating Factor-1 Isoforms in Renal Inflammation". The Journal of Immunology 177 (6): 4055–4063. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.177.6.4055. ISSN 0022-1767. PMID 16951369.
^ Stanley ER, Berg KL, Einstein DB, Lee PS, Pixley FJ, Wang Y, Yeung YG (January 1997). "Biology and action of colony--stimulating factor-1". Mol. Reprod. Dev. 46 (1): 4–10. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-2795(199701)46:1<4::AID-MRD2>3.0.CO;2-V. PMID 8981357.
^ Nemunaitis J (April 1993). "Macrophage function activating cytokines: potential clinical application". Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol. 14 (2): 153–71. doi:10.1016/1040-8428(93)90022-V. PMID 8357512.
^ Fixe P, Praloran V (June 1997). "Macrophage colony-stimulating-factor (M-CSF or CSF-1) and its receptor: structure-function relationships". Eur. Cytokine Netw. 8 (2): 125–36. PMID 9262961.
^ Sapi E (January 2004). "The role of CSF-1 in normal physiology of mammary gland and breast cancer: an update". Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood) 229 (1): 1–11. PMID 14709771.
^ Rajavashisth T, Qiao JH, Tripathi S, Tripathi J, Mishra N, Hua M, Wang XP, Loussararian A, Clinton S, Libby P, Lusis A (June 1998). "Heterozygous osteopetrotic (op) mutation reduces atherosclerosis in LDL receptor- deficient mice". J. Clin. Invest. 101 (12): 2702–10. doi:10.1172/JCI119891. PMC 508861. PMID 9637704.
^ ^a ^b Le Meur Y.; Fixe P.; Aldigier J-C.; Leroux-Robert C.; Praloran V. (April 1996). "Macrophage colony stimulating factor involvement in uremic patients". Kidney International 50 (196): 1107–1102. doi:10.1038/ki.1996.402.
^ "Acute kidney injury: CSF-1 signalling is involved in repair following AKI". Nature Reviews Nephrology 9 (1): 2–2. 2013-01-01. doi:10.1038/nrneph.2012.253. ISSN 1759-5061.
^ "CSF-1 signaling mediates recovery from acute kidney injury". www.jci.org. 2012-12-03. doi:10.1172/JCI60363. PMC 3533529. PMID 23143303. Retrieved 2015-10-29.
^ Cao, Qi; Wang, Yiping; Zheng, Dong; Sun, Yan; Wang, Changqi; Wang, Xin M.; Lee, Vincent W. S.; Wang, Ya; Zheng, Guoping (2014-04-01). "Failed renoprotection by alternatively activated bone marrow macrophages is due to a proliferation-dependent phenotype switch in vivo". Kidney International 85 (4): 794–806. doi:10.1038/ki.2013.341. ISSN 0085-2538.
^ Gout I, Dhand R, Panayotou G, Fry MJ, Hiles I, Otsu M, Waterfield MD (December 1992). "Expression and characterization of the p85 subunit of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex and a related p85 beta protein by using the baculovirus expression system". Biochem. J. 288 (2): 395–405. doi:10.1042/bj2880395. PMC 1132024. PMID 1334406.

External links

Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

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Comparison of the cytokine immune response to pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica bioserotype 1B/O:8 and 2/O:9 in susceptible BALB/C and resistant C57BL/6 mice.

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Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA.Toxicol In Vitro.2013 Aug;27(5):1525-32. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.03.013. Epub 2013 Apr 2.
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Japanese Journal

The Coffee Diterpene Kahweol Prevents Osteoclastogenesis via Impairment of NFATc1 Expression and Blocking of Erk Phosphorylation

FUMIMOTO Reiko,SAKAI Eiko,YAMAGUCHI Yu,SAKAMOTO Hiroshi,FUKUMA Yutaka,NISHISHITA Kazuhisa,OKAMOTO Kuniaki,TSUKUBA Takayuki
Journal of pharmacological sciences 118(4), 479-486, 2012-04-20
… Osteoclasts (OCLs) are multinucleated bone resorbing cells whose differentiation is regulated by receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). …
NAID 10030572053

呼気凝縮液の有用性に関する研究 : 気管支肺胞洗浄液との比較検討

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… Levels of macrophage colony-stimulating factor（ M-CSF）, RANTES, TNF-α and sTNF-RII in EBC were significantly correlated with BALF. …
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Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「サイトカイン」「マクロファージコロニー刺激因子」「macrophage colony stimulating factor」
拡張検索	「M-CSF受容体」「M-CSF receptor」「GM-CSF」「M-CSFレセプター」
関連記事	「CS」「C」「CSF」「Md」「M」

「サイトカイン」

CSF1
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1HMC, 3UEZ, 3UF2, 4ADF, 4FA8, 4WRL, 4WRM
Identifiers
Aliases	CSF1, CSF-1, MCSF, colony stimulating factor 1
External IDs	MGI: 1339753 HomoloGene: 7282 GeneCards: 1435
Gene ontology
Molecular function	• protein binding; • macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor binding; • protein homodimerization activity; • growth factor activity; • cytokine activity;
Cellular component	• integral component of membrane; • plasma membrane; • extracellular region; • perinuclear region of cytoplasm; • extracellular exosome; • extracellular space; • CSF1-CSF1R complex; • membrane;
Biological process	• positive regulation of microglial cell migration; • cell differentiation; • hemopoiesis; • positive regulation of cellular protein metabolic process; • mammary gland fat development; • branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis; • ossification; • transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway; • immune system process; • positive regulation of Ras protein signal transduction; • positive regulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway; • mammary duct terminal end bud growth; • odontogenesis; • monocyte activation; • positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation; • positive regulation of gene expression; • macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway; • positive regulation of odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth; • positive regulation of cell proliferation; • regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation; • positive regulation of multicellular organism growth; • homeostasis of number of cells within a tissue; • regulation of ossification; • inflammatory response; • positive regulation of macrophage chemotaxis; • innate immune response; • positive regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation; • osteoclast proliferation; • positive regulation of osteoclast differentiation; • positive regulation of cell migration; • osteoclast differentiation; • positive regulation of monocyte differentiation; • macrophage differentiation; • cell proliferation; • positive regulation of protein kinase activity; • developmental process involved in reproduction; • positive regulation of cell-matrix adhesion; • positive regulation of macrophage differentiation;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
	; ;
	More reference expression data
Orthologs
	1435
	12977
	ENSG00000184371
	ENSMUSG00000014599
	P09603
	P07141
	NM_172212; NM_000757; NM_172210; NM_172211
	NM_001113529; NM_001113530; NM_007778
	NP_000748.3; NP_757349.1; NP_757350.1; NP_757351.1
	NP_001107001.1; NP_001107002.1; NP_031804.3
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

　　[★]

cyto=cell kin(e)=small substance

ex. manikine

細胞が分泌する糖タンパク質で、生物活性(増殖・分化・タンパク産生誘導などを)を有するもの

英: cytokine, cytokines
関: サイトカイン受容体、インターロイキン、リンホカイン

生態情報伝達方式

傍分泌系、自己分泌系により情報を伝達する。局所ホルモンともいえる(ホルモンは血流を介して他臓器に働く)

産生細胞・機能による分類名

機能

機能	サブグループ	サイトカイン	標的	機能
炎症性サイトカイン	TNFファミリー	TNF-α	白血球、上皮細胞	活性化
	インターロイキン	IL-1	上皮細胞、リンパ球	活性化
		IL-6	種々の細胞	活性化
		IL-8	白血球	炎症部位遊走
T細胞の増殖・分化	インターロイキン	IL-2	T細胞	活性化。増殖
		IL-4	T細胞	増殖
		IL-4	Th2細胞	分化誘導
		IL-12	Th1細胞	分化誘導
	インターフェロン	IFN-γ	Th2細胞	分化抑制
B細胞の増殖・分化	インターロイキン	IL-2	B細胞	活性化
		IL-4	B細胞	活性化、増殖、分化
		IL-5	B細胞	活性化、増殖
		IL-6	B細胞	増殖、分化
		TGF-β	B細胞	分化(IgA分泌)
アレルギー調節サイトカイン	インターロイキン	IL-3	肥満細胞	増殖、分化促進
		IL-4	B細胞	IgEクラススイッチ促進
		IL-5	好酸球	増殖、分化促進
		IL-13	B細胞	IgEクラススイッチ促進
	インターフェロン	IFN-γ	B細胞	IgEクラススイッチ抑制
走化性サイトカイン(ケモカイン)	CCケモカイン	MIP-1	好中球	遊走
		MIP-2	好中球
		RANTES	単球
	CXCケモカイン	IL-8	好中球、リンパ球、好塩基球
	CXCケモカイン	SDF-1	好中球、リンパ球、好塩基球
造血系サイトカイン		SCF
	インターロイキン	IL-7
		erythropoietin
	コロニー刺激因子	GM-CSF
		G-CSF
		M-CSF