WordNet

a geographical area politically controlled by a distant country (同)dependency
a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland; inhabitants remain nationals of their home state but are not literally under the home states system of government; "the American colony in Paris" (同)settlement
(microbiology) a group of organisms grown from a single parent cell
a group of organisms of the same type living or growing together
a place where a group of people with the same interest or occupation are concentrated; "a nudist colony"; "an artists colony"
be a contributing factor; "make things factor into a companys profitability"
any of the numbers (or symbols) that form a product when multiplied together
an independent variable in statistics
anything that contributes causally to a result; "a number of factors determined the outcome"
consider as relevant when making a decision; "You must factor in the recent developments" (同)factor in, factor out
resolve into factors; "a quantum computer can factor the number 15" (同)factor in, factor out
an event known to have happened or something known to have existed; "your fears have no basis in fact"; "how much of the story is fact and how much fiction is hard to tell"
a concept whose truth can be proved; "scientific hypotheses are not facts"
a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred; "first you must collect all the facts of the case"
a statement or assertion of verified information about something that is the case or has happened; "he supported his argument with an impressive array of facts"
the basic unit of money in Costa Rica; equal to 100 centimos (同)Costa Rican colon
the basic unit of money in El Salvador; equal to 100 centavos (同)El Salvadoran colon
a punctuation mark (:) used after a word introducing a series or an example or an explanation (or after the salutation of a business letter)
the part of the large intestine between the cecum and the rectum; it extracts moisture from food residues before they are excreted
rousing or quickening activity or the senses; "a stimulating discussion"

PrepTutorEJDIC

『植民地』 / 植民団,居留民;(外国人の)集団居留地 / (同ど人種・宗教・職業などの人たちが住む)『集団』,部落 / (動物・鳥・虫などの)集団;(生物の)群体,群落《+『of』+『名』》 / 《the Colonies》アメリカ合衆国を形成した13州のイギリス植民地
(…の)『要因』,(…を生み出す)要素《+『in』+『名』(do『ing』)》 / 囲数,約数 / 代理人,《おもに英》仲買人 / =factorize
〈C〉『事実』,実際にある(あった)事 / 〈U〉真相,真実(truth) / 《the~》(法律用語で)犯行
コロン(:)(句読点の一種で,文中においてセミコロン以上を分離を示すほか,対照,例証,引用文などを示すのに用いる)
(大腸の)結腸[部]
刺激する;激励する,元気づける

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/09/07 21:30:05」(JST)

wiki en

The colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1), also known as macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), is a secreted cytokine which influences hematopoietic stem cells to differentiate into macrophages or other related cell types. Eukaryotic cells also produce M-CSF in order to combat intercellular viral infection. (See colony-stimulating factor.) M-CSF binds to the Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor. It may also be involved in development of the placenta.^[1]

Structure

M-CSF is a cytokine. The active form of the protein is found extracellularly as a disulfide-linked homodimer, and is thought to be produced by proteolytic cleavage of membrane-bound precursors.^[1]

Four transcript variants encoding three different isoforms have been found for this gene.^[1]

Function

M-CSF (or CSF-1) is a hematopoietic growth factor that is involved in the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of monocytes, macrophages, and bone marrow progenitor cells.^[2] M-CSF affects macrophages and monocytes in several ways, including stimulating increased phagocytic and chemotactic activity, and increased tumour cell cytotoxicity.^[3] The role of M-CSF is not only restricted to the monocyte/macrophage cell lineage. By interacting with its membrane receptor (CSF1R or M-CSF-R encoded by the c-fms proto-oncogene), M-CSF also modulates the proliferation of earlier hematopoietic progenitors and influence numerous physiological processes involved in immunology, metabolism, fertility and pregnancy.^[4]

M-CSF released by osteoblasts (as a result of endocrine stimulation by parathyroid hormone) exerts paracrine effects on osteoclasts. M-CSF binds to receptors on osteoclasts inducing differentiation, and ultimately leading to increased plasma calcium levels—through the resorption (breakdown) of bone. Additionally, high levels of CSF-1 expression are observed in the endometrial epithelium of the pregnant uterus as well as high levels of its receptor CSF1R in the placental trophoblast. Studies have shown that activation of trophoblasitc CSF1R by local high levels of CSF-1 is essential for normal embryonic implantation and placental development. More recently, it was discovered that CSF-1 and its receptor CSF1R are implicated in the mammary gland during normal development and neoplastic growth.^[5]

Clinical significance

Locally produced M-CSF in the vessel wall contributes to the development and progression of atherosclerosis.^[6]

In addition, M-CSF has been described to play a role in the chronic activation of monocytes leading to multiple metabolic, hematologic and immunologic abnormalities in patients with Chronic Renal Failure (CRF).^[7]

Interactions

Macrophage colony-stimulating factor has been shown to interact with PIK3R2.^[8]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c "Entrez Gene: CSF1 colony stimulating factor 1 (macrophage)".
^ Stanley ER, Berg KL, Einstein DB, Lee PS, Pixley FJ, Wang Y, Yeung YG (January 1997). "Biology and action of colony--stimulating factor-1". Mol. Reprod. Dev. 46 (1): 4–10. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-2795(199701)46:1<4::AID-MRD2>3.0.CO;2-V. PMID 8981357.
^ Nemunaitis J (April 1993). "Macrophage function activating cytokines: potential clinical application". Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol. 14 (2): 153–71. doi:10.1016/1040-8428(93)90022-V. PMID 8357512.
^ Fixe P, Praloran V (June 1997). "Macrophage colony-stimulating-factor (M-CSF or CSF-1) and its receptor: structure-function relationships". Eur. Cytokine Netw. 8 (2): 125–36. PMID 9262961.
^ Sapi E (January 2004). "The role of CSF-1 in normal physiology of mammary gland and breast cancer: an update". Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood) 229 (1): 1–11. PMID 14709771.
^ Rajavashisth T, Qiao JH, Tripathi S, Tripathi J, Mishra N, Hua M, Wang XP, Loussararian A, Clinton S, Libby P, Lusis A (June 1998). "Heterozygous osteopetrotic (op) mutation reduces atherosclerosis in LDL receptor- deficient mice". J. Clin. Invest. 101 (12): 2702–10. doi:10.1172/JCI119891. PMC 508861. PMID 9637704.
^ Le Meur Y., Fixe P., Aldigier J-C., Leroux-Robert C. and Praloran V. (April 1996). "Macrophage colony stimulating factor involvement in uremic patients". Kidney International 50 (196): 1107–1102. doi:10.1038/ki.1996.402.
^ Gout I, Dhand R, Panayotou G, Fry MJ, Hiles I, Otsu M, Waterfield MD (December 1992). "Expression and characterization of the p85 subunit of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex and a related p85 beta protein by using the baculovirus expression system". Biochem. J. 288 (2): 395–405. PMC 1132024. PMID 1334406.

External links

Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 組換え造血成長因子の概要 introduction to recombinant hematopoietic growth factors
2. 敗血症に対する治験剤および無効剤 investigational and ineffective therapies for sepsis
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English Journal

Lipopolysaccharide and Concanavalin A Differentially Induce the Expression of Immune Response Genes in Caprine Monocyte Derived Macrophages.

Walia V1, Kumar R, Mitra A.
Animal biotechnology.Anim Biotechnol.2015 Oct 2;26(4):298-303. doi: 10.1080/10495398.2015.1013112.
Monocyte derived macrophages (MDMs), as an in vitro model in pathogen challenge studies, are generally induced with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and concanavalin A (ConA) to assay cellular immunity. General immune responses to LPS and ConA have been studied in a wide range of species, but similar studie
PMID 26158463

Treatment of melanoma with a serotype 5/3 chimeric oncolytic adenovirus coding for GM-CSF: Results in vitro, in rodents and in humans.

Bramante S1, Kaufmann JK2, Veckman V3, Liikanen I1, Nettelbeck DM2, Hemminki O1, Vassilev L4, Cerullo V1,5, Oksanen M1, Heiskanen R4, Joensuu T6, Kanerva A1,7, Pesonen S1, Matikainen S3, Vähä-Koskela M1, Koski A1, Hemminki A1,8.
International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer.Int J Cancer.2015 Oct 1;137(7):1775-83. doi: 10.1002/ijc.29536. Epub 2015 Apr 11.
Metastatic melanoma is refractory to irradiation and chemotherapy, but amenable to immunological approaches such as immune-checkpoint-inhibiting antibodies or adoptive cell therapies. Oncolytic virus replication is an immunogenic phenomenon, and viruses can be armed with immunostimulatory molecules.
PMID 25821063

Cytokine profiles and the role of cellular prion protein in patients with vascular dementia and vascular encephalopathy.

Schmitz M1, Hermann P2, Oikonomou P2, Stoeck K2, Ebert E2, Poliakova T3, Schmidt C2, Llorens F2, Zafar S2, Zerr I2.
Neurobiology of aging.Neurobiol Aging.2015 Sep;36(9):2597-606. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.013. Epub 2015 Jun 11.
Understanding inflammatory mechanisms in vascular dementia (VD) is pivotal for achieving better insights into changes in brain metabolism. We performed cytokine profiling and measured levels of the cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients with VD a
PMID 26170132

Japanese Journal

Stimulation of neuronal cells by culture supernatant of T lymphocytes triggered by anti-CD3 mAb followed by propagation in the presence of interleukin-2

Microbiology and immunology 60(1), 47-55, 2016-01
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Effect of 1.8-Cineole in Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus-Stimulated Bronchial Epithelial Cells and Mouse Model of Asthma

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 39(6), 946-952, 2016
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Airborne Fine Particulate Matter Induces Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Human Nasal Epithelial Cells

The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine 239(2), 117-125, 2016
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Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「マクロファージコロニー刺激因子」「M-CSF」
拡張検索	「macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor」「granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor」「granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor」
関連記事	「fact」「factor」「stimulating」「colony」「colon」

「マクロファージコロニー刺激因子」

Colony stimulating factor 1 (macrophage)
	PDB rendering based on 1hmc.
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1HMC, 3UEZ, 3UF2, 4ADF, 4FA8
Identifiers
Symbols	CSF1 ; CSF-1; MCSF
External IDs	OMIM: 120420 MGI: 1339753 HomoloGene: 7282 GeneCards: CSF1 Gene
EC number	2.7.10.1
Gene ontology
Molecular function	• cytokine activity; • macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor binding; • protein binding; • growth factor activity; • protein homodimerization activity;
Cellular component	• extracellular space; • plasma membrane; • membrane; • integral component of membrane; • perinuclear region of cytoplasm; • extracellular exosome; • CSF1-CSF1R complex;
Biological process	• positive regulation of cell-matrix adhesion; • osteoclast proliferation; • developmental process involved in reproduction; • inflammatory response; • transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway; • cell proliferation; • positive regulation of cell proliferation; • positive regulation of gene expression; • regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation; • positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation; • positive regulation of macrophage chemotaxis; • hemopoiesis; • cell differentiation; • macrophage differentiation; • regulation of ossification; • osteoclast differentiation; • positive regulation of cell migration; • positive regulation of cellular protein metabolic process; • positive regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation; • macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway; • positive regulation of multicellular organism growth; • monocyte activation; • positive regulation of odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth; • innate immune response; • positive regulation of macrophage differentiation; • positive regulation of monocyte differentiation; • positive regulation of osteoclast differentiation; • positive regulation of protein kinase activity; • positive regulation of Ras protein signal transduction; • homeostasis of number of cells within a tissue; • branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis; • mammary gland fat development; • mammary duct terminal end bud growth; • positive regulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway; • positive regulation of microglial cell migration;
	Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
	More reference expression data
Orthologs
	v; t; e;