ストレプトグラミン系抗菌薬
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2016/02/10 21:32:16」(JST)
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Streptogramins are a class of antibiotics.[1]
Streptogramins are effective in the treatment of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), two of the most rapidly growing strains of multidrug-resistant bacteria. They fall into two groups: streptogramin A and streptogramin B.
Members include:
- Quinupristin/dalfopristin
- Pristinamycin
- Virginiamycin
- NXL 103, an experimental streptogramin in clinical trials for the treatment of respiratory tract infections.[2]
References
- ^ University of Leeds: Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
- ^ Boucheer HW, Talbot GH, Bradley JS, Edwards JE, Gilbert D, Rice LB, et al. Bad Bugs, no drugs: No ESKAPE! An Update from the Infectious Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;48:1-12.
Antibacterials: protein synthesis inhibitors (J01A, J01B, J01F, J01G, QJ01XQ)
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30S |
Aminoglycosides
(initiation inhibitors) |
-mycin (Streptomyces) |
- Streptomycin#
- Dihydrostreptomycin
- Neomycin#
- Framycetin
- Paromomycin
- Ribostamycin
- Kanamycin#
- Amikacin
- Arbekacin
- Bekanamycin
- Dibekacin
- Tobramycin
- Spectinomycin#
- Hygromycin B
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-micin (Micromonospora) |
- Gentamicin#
- Netilmicin
- Sisomicin
- Isepamicin
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Tetracycline antibiotics
(tRNA binding) |
Tetracyclines |
- Doxycycline#
- Chlortetracycline
- Clomocycline
- Demeclocycline
- Lymecycline
- Meclocycline
- Metacycline
- Minocycline
- Oxytetracycline
- Penimepicycline
- Rolitetracycline
- Tetracycline
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Glycylcyclines |
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50S |
Oxazolidinone
(initiation inhibitors) |
- Eperezolid
- Linezolid
- Posizolid
- Radezolid
- Ranbezolid
- Sutezolid
- Tedizolid
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Peptidyl transferase |
Amphenicols |
- Chloramphenicol#
- Azidamfenicol
- Thiamphenicol
- Florfenicol
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Pleuromutilins |
- Retapamulin
- Tiamulin
- Valnemulin
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MLS (transpeptidation/translocation) |
Macrolides |
- Azithromycin#
- Clarithromycin
- Dirithromycin
- Erythromycin#
- Flurithromycin
- Josamycin
- Midecamycin
- Miocamycin
- Oleandomycin
- Rokitamycin
- Roxithromycin
- Spiramycin
- Troleandomycin
- Tylosin
- Ketolides
- Telithromycin
- Cethromycin
- Solithromycin†
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Lincosamides |
- Clindamycin#
- Lincomycin
- Pirlimycin
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Streptogramins |
- Pristinamycin
- Quinupristin/dalfopristin
- Virginiamycin
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EF-G |
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- #WHO-EM
- ‡Withdrawn from market
- Clinical trials:
- †Phase III
- §Never to phase III
Index of bacterial disease
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Description |
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Disease |
- Gram-positive firmicutes
- Gram-positive actinobacteria
- Gram-negative proteobacteria
- Gram-negative non-proteobacteria
- Cholera
- Tuberculosis
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Treatment |
- Antibiotics
- cell wall
- nucleic acid
- mycobacteria
- protein synthesis
- other
- Antibodies
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Analysis of Streptococcus agalactiae pan-genome for prevalence, diversity and functionality of integrative and conjugative or mobilizable elements integrated in the tRNALys CTT gene.
- Puymège A1, Bertin S, Guédon G, Payot S.
- Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG.Mol Genet Genomics.2015 Apr 2. [Epub ahead of print]
- Streptococcus agalactiae is the first cause of invasive infections in human neonates and is also a major bovine and fish pathogen. High genomic diversity was observed in this species that hosts numerous mobile genetic elements, in particular elements transferable by conjugation. This works aims to e
- PMID 25832353
- Group C Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis in south-east Brazil: Genetic diversity, resistance profile, and the first report of human and equine isolates belonging to the same MLST lineage.
- Silva LG1, Genteluci GL1, de Mattos MC1, Glatthardt T1, Figueiredo AM1, Ferreira-Carvalho BT1.
- Journal of medical microbiology.J Med Microbiol.2015 Mar 9. pii: jmm.0.000052. doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.000052. [Epub ahead of print]
- Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (SDSE) isolates are the most common group C streptococci in humans, and reports of invasive infections associated with SDSE have been increasing. Molecular epidemiology studies are an important strategy to trace the emergence and spread of possible well-
- PMID 25752850
- Assessment of species and antimicrobial resistance among Enterobacteriaceae isolated from mallard duck faeces.
- Murugaiyan J1, Krueger K, Roesler U, Weinreich J, Schierack P.
- Environmental monitoring and assessment.Environ Monit Assess.2015 Mar;187(3):127. doi: 10.1007/s10661-015-4346-4. Epub 2015 Feb 20.
- Mallard ducks have demonstrated to be a likely reservoir for zoonotic E. coli strains; thus, it is possible that these ducks could also act as a reservoir for other Enterobacteriaceae members. The present study was initiated to evaluate the species distribution of Enterobacteriaceae other than E. co
- PMID 25697309
Japanese Journal
- 長野県諏訪地域における抗菌薬使用量と耐性菌の検出頻度について
- 具 芳明
- 保健医療科学 60(5), 431-432, 2011-10
- … MLS (macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramins) was the most prescribed drug group, followed by beta-lactams other than penicillin and quinolone. …
- NAID 110009585556
- Distribution of genes encoding resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramins among staphylococci
- Streptogramins: an answer to antibiotic resistance in gram-positive bacteria
Related Links
- Aumercier M, Le Goffic F. Mechanisms of action of the macrolide and streptogramin antibiotics. In: Bryskier AJ, Butzler JP, Neu HC et al., editors. Macrolides chemistry, pharmacology and clinical use. Paris: Arnette Blackwell, 1993 ...
- Streptogramins. On-line free medical diagnosis assistant. Ranked list of possible diseases from either several symptoms or a full patient history. A similarity measure between symptoms and diseases is provided. ... Streptogramin B - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- antibacterial drug, antibacterial
- 関
- 抗生剤、薬理学、抗菌薬一覧、抗細菌薬
- first aid step 1 2006 p.165
定義
- 細菌/微生物に静菌作用、殺菌作用を示す物質。結果として、人において病原性を除去する目的で使用される。
- このうち、微生物によって産生される物質を抗生物質と呼ぶ
作用機序による分類
- first aid step 1 2006 p.165
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Mechanism of action
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Drugs
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1
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Block cell wall synthesis by inhibition of peptidoglycan cross-linking
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penicillin, ampicillin, ticarcillin, piperacillin, imipenem, aztreonam, cephalosporins
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2
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Block peptidoglycan synthesis
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bacitracin, vancomycin, cycloserine
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3
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Disrupt bacterial/fungal cell membranes
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polymyxins
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4
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Disrupt fungal cell membranes
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amphotericin B, nystatin, fluconazole/azoles
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5
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Block nucleotide synthesis
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sulfonamides, trimethoprim
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6
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Block DNA topoisomerases
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quinolones
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7
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Block mRNA synthesis
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rifampin
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8
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Block protein synthesis at 50S ribosomal subunit
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chloramphenicol, erythromycin/macrolides, lincomycin, clindamycin, streptogramins (quinupristin, dalfopristin), linezolid
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9
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Block protein synthesis at 30S ribosomal subunit
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aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, spectinomycin ATuSi → あつし
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薬物動態
- 濃度依存性:アミノグリコシド系抗菌薬、ニューロキノロン系抗菌薬
- 時間依存性:βラクタム系抗菌薬
治療期間
小児
- 尾内一信 ; 第 39 回日本小児感染症学会教育講演 2 小児感染症の抗菌薬療法 -耐性菌時代の適正使用-
感染臓器・臨床診断
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原因菌
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投与期間(抗菌薬)
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髄膜炎
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インフルエンザ菌
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7-10日
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肺炎球菌
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10-14日
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髄膜炎菌
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7-10日
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GBS,腸内細菌,リステリア
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21日
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中耳炎
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<2 歳
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10日
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2 歳≦
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5-7日
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咽頭炎
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A 群連鎖球菌
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10日(ペニシリン系薬)
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5日(セフェム系薬)
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肺炎
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肺炎球菌,インフルエンザ菌
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解熱後3-4日
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黄色ブドウ球菌
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3-4週間
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マイコプラズマ,クラミジア
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10-21日
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腎臓、膀胱炎、腎盂腎炎
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大腸菌,プロテウス,腸球菌
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3日
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14日
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骨髄炎
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黄色ブドウ球菌
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21日
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連鎖球菌,インフルエンザ菌
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14日
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主要な感染症の抗菌薬投与期間
- 感染レジマニュ p.27
ソース不明
妊婦に避けるべき抗菌薬
- Antibiotics to avoid in pregnancy
- Sulfonamides––kernicterus.
- Aminoglycosides––ototoxicity.
- Fluoroquinolones––cartilage damage.
- Erythromycin––acute cholestatic hepatitis in mom
- (and clarithromycin––embryotoxic).
- Metronidazole––mutagenesis.
- Tetracyclines––discolored teeth, inhibition of bone growth.
- Ribavirin (antiviral)––teratogenic.
- Griseofulvin (antifungal)––teratogenic.
- Chloramphenicol––“gray baby.”
- SAFE Moms Take Really Good Care.
使っても良い
- YN.H-24
参考
- まとまっていてよい
- http://www.antibiotic-books.jp
[★]
- 英
- streptogramins
- 関
- ストレプトグラミン系抗菌薬
参考
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinupristin/dalfopristin
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pristinamycin
[★]
ストレプトグラミン ストレプトグラミン系抗生物質